lung cancercancer education slides

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Cancer Education Slides,Lung Cancer,2010,What is Cancer?,A group of 100 different diseases,The uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells,Cancer may spread to other parts of the body,What is Lung Cancer?,An estimated 222,520 people diagnosed in the United States in 2010,The leading cause of cancer death among men and women,Begins when cells in the lung grow out of control and form a tumor,There are two main types of lung cancer: non-small cell and small cell,What is the Function of the Lungs?,The lungs consist of five lobes, three in the right lung and two in the left lung,Most cells in the lung are epithelial cells, which line the airways and produce mucus, which lubricates and protects the lungs,The main function of the lungs is to allow oxygen from the air to enter the bloodstream for delivery to the rest of the body,What are the Risk Factors for Lung Cancer?,Tobacco and secondhand smoke,Asbestos,Radon,Most people who develop lung cancer today have either stopped smoking years earlier or have never smoked,Lung Cancer and Early Detection,No tests are recommended for screening the general population,A low-dose helical computerized tomography (CT or CAT) scan is currently being studied for this purpose,What are the Symptoms of Lung Cancer?,Fatigue,Cough,Shortness of breath,Chest pain,Loss of appetite,Coughing up phlegm,Hemoptysis (coughing up blood),If cancer has spread, symptoms include bone pain, difficulty breathing, abdominal or back pain, headache, weakness, and speech difficulties,How is Lung Cancer Diagnosed?,Because almost all patients will have a tumor in the lung, a chest x-ray or CT scan of the chest is performed,The diagnosis must be confirmed with a biopsy,The location(s) of all sites of cancer is determined by additional CT scans, PET (positron emission tomography) scans, and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging),It is important to find out if cancer started in the lung or somewhere else in the body. Cancer arising in other parts of the body can spread to the lung as well,Lung Cancer Staging,Staging is a way of describing a cancer, such as the size of a tumor and if or where it has spread,Staging is the most important tool doctors have to determine a patients prognosis,The type of treatment a person receives depends on the stage of the cancer,Recurrent cancer is cancer that comes back after treatment,Stage I Lung Cancer,Cancer is found only in the lung,Divided into stage IA and IB based on the size of tumor,Surgical removal recommended,Radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy may also be used,Stage II Lung Cancer,The cancer may have spread to lymph nodes in the lung or is a slightly larger tumor (stage IIA),Or, the cancer may have spread to the lymph nodes and/or invaded nearby structures in the lung (stage IIB),Treatment is surgery if possible and/or chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy,Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer,The cancer has spread outside the lung, such as to lymph nodes in the center of the chest or it has invaded nearby structures in the lung.,Surgery (if possible) or radiation therapy with chemotherapy recommended for stage IIIA,Chemotherapy and sometimes radiation therapy recommended for stage IIIB,Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer,The cancer has spread to different lobes of the lung or to other organs, such as the brain, bones, and liver,Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer is treated with chemotherapy,More information can be found in the What to Know: ASCOs Guideline on Advanced Lung Cancer at Cell Lung Cancer: All Stages,Classified as limited stage (confined to one area of the chest) or extensive stage (,not confined to one area of the chest),Patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer are best treated with simultaneous radiation therapy and chemotherapy,Patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer are treated with chemotherapy,In patients whose tumors have shrunk after chemotherapy, preventive radiation therapy to the head cuts the risk that the cancer will spread to the brain and extends patients the lives,How is Lung Cancer Treated?,Treatment depends on the stage and type of lung cancer,Surgery,Radiation therapy,Chemotherapy (options include a combination of drugs),Targeted therapy,Lung cancer is usually treated with a combination of therapies,Cancer Treatment: Surgery,The tumor and the nearby lymph nodes in the chest are typically removed to offer the best chance for cure,For non-small cell lung cancer, a lobectomy (removal of the entire lobe where the tumor is located), has shown to be most effective,Surgery may not be possible for some patients,Cancer Treatment: Adjuvant Therapy,Treatment given after surgery to lower the risk of the cancer returning,May include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy,More information may be found in the What to Know: ASCOs Guideline on Adjuvant Treatment for Lung Cancer at Treatment: Radiation Therapy,The use of high-energy x-rays to destroy cancer cells,Side effects include fatigue, malaise (feeling unwell), loss of appetite, and skin irritation at the treatment site,Radiation pneumonitis is the irritation and inflammation of the lung; occurs in 15% of patients,It is important that the radiation treatments avoid the healthy parts of the lung,Cancer Treatment: Chemotherapy,Use of drugs to kill cancer cells,A combination of medications is often used,May be prescribed before or after surgery, or before, during, or after radiation therapy,Can improve survival and lessen lung cancer symptoms in all patients, even those with widespread lung cancer,Cancer Treatment: Targeted Therapy,Treats lung cancer by stopping the action of abnormal proteins that cause cells to grow and divide out of control,Bevacizumab (Avastin) prevents the formation of new blood vessels, which help feed the growth and spread of a tumor; given with chemotherapy,Erlotinib (Tarceva) approved for locally advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer,Cetuximab (Erbitux) may be given with chemotherapy in situations where bevacizumab may be unsafe,The Role of Clinical Trials for the Treatment of Lung Cancer,Clinical trials are research studies involving people,They test new treatment and prevention methods to determine whether they are safe, effective, and better than the standard treatment,The purpose of a clinical trial is to answer a specific medical question in a highly structured, controlled process,Clinical trials can evaluate methods of cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and/or quality of life,Clinical Trials: Patient Safety,Informed consent: participants should understand why they are being offered entry into a clinical trial and the potential benefits and risks; informed consent is an ongoing process,Participation is always voluntary, and patients can leave the trial at any time,Other safeguards exist to ensure ongoing patient safety,Clinical Trials: Phases,Phase I trials determine the appropriate dose of a new treatment in a small group of people and provide preliminary information about the drugs safety,Phase II trials provide information about the safety of the new treatment and provide the first evidence as to whether or not the new treatment is effective in treating the cancer that is being studied,Phase III trials compare two or more different treatments. Most commonly, they test whether a new treatment is better than the standard treatment. Patients are typically divided randomly into two or more different groups. Each group gets a different treatment, and the researchers evaluate which group has had the best results. This is the best way to measure whether a new treatment results in longer life or better quality of life for patients,Clinical Trials Resources,Coalition of Cancer Cooperative Groups (CancerTrialsHelp.org),CenterWatch (centerwatch),National Cancer Institute (cancer.gov/clinical_trials),EmergingMed (emergingmed),Living With Lung Cancer,Many people with lung cancer feel that they will not receive as much support or help from people around them because they believe others will think that their behavior caused the disease,Doctors and other members of the health care team can help patients and families cope with a diagnosis of lung cancer,Patients can take comfort knowing that the advances being made in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer will provide more and more patients with a chance for cure,Coping with Side Effects,Side effects are treatable; talk with the doctor or nurse,Fatigue is a common, treatable side effect,Pain is treatable; non-narcotic pain-relievers are available,Antiemetic drugs can reduce or prevent nausea and vomiting,Medications and extra oxygen can improve breathing,Radiation therapy or surgery can be used to treat metastases that are causing pain or other symptoms,For more information, visit Treatment,Patients with lung cancer face the risk of cancer growing back or the development of a new lung cancer. All patients must follow up with their doctors for regular x-rays, scans, and check-ups,Quitting smoking helps recovery and health. Patients who have developed lung cancer who then stop live longer. It is never too late to stop smoking,Many survivors are at high risk for heart disease, stroke, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis; some cancer treatments increase this risk,Walking for 15 to 30 minutes each day can improve lung and heart functioning,Where to Find More InformationCancer.Net Guide to Lung Cancer( Illustrations,Risk Factors,Symptoms,Diagnosis,Staging With Illustrations,Treatment,Clinical Trials,Living With Lung Cancer,Side Effects,After Treatment,Current Research,Questions to Ask the Doctor,Patient Information Resources,Cancer.Net (),Comprehensive, oncologist-approved cancer information,Guides to more than 120 types of cancer and cancer-related syndromes,Coping resources,Survivorship information,Cancer information in Spanish,Weekly feature articles,The latest cancer news,For patient information resources, please call 888-651-3038,