九年级知识梳理good

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,无忧,PPT,整理发布,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,九年级重要知识点,梳理,词语辨析,1.how与what的区别：,how通常对方式或程度提问，意思有：怎么样 如何，通常用来做状语、表语。,what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意思为 什么，通常做宾语，主语。,How is your summer holiday? Its OK. (how表示程度 做表语),How did you travel around the world? I travel by air.,What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other subjects.,Whatthink of? Howlike?,Whatdo with? Howdeal with?,Whatlike about? Howlike?,Whats the weather like today?,Hows the weather today?,What to do? How to do it?,e.g. What do you think of this book?,=How do you like this book?,I dont know what I should,do with,the matter.,=I dont know how I should,deal with,it.,What do you like about China?,=How do you like China?,I dont know,what to do,next step?,=I dont know,how to do it,next step?, What good / bad,weather,it is today!,（weather为不可数名词，其前不能加 a ）, What a fine / bad,day,it is today!,（day为可数名词，其前要加 a ）,2.aloud, loud与loudly,的用法 : 三个词都与大声或响亮有关。,aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。,如: He read the story aloud to his son.,他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。,loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:,She told us to speak a little louder.,她让我们说大声一点。,loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往,含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:,He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public.,他不当众大声谈笑。,3,. voice,指人的嗓音 也指鸟鸣。,sound,指人可以听到的各种声音。,noise,指噪音、吵闹声,4,.have been to,某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿,sb.have been in,+地点 某人呆在某地(一段时间),have gone to,某人已去某地,人不在这儿,5.,get to +名词 get +副词(不用to) reach+名词/副词 arrive in/at +大/小地点 （后接副词，不用at/in）,eg. get to Shanghai、reach Shanghai 、arrive in Shanghai到达上海,eg. reach home、get home、arrive home 到家,6.到.末为止,by the end of,+过去时间 （用于过去完成时）,by the end of,+将来时间 （用于一般将来时）,at the end of,+地点 在.尽头,in the end,= at last 最后，终于,7.,in front ofin the front of,【用法点拨】in front of 表示“在.（某范围之外）的前面”，in the front of则表示“在.（某范围之内）的前面”。,【,同步检测】根据句意用in front ofin the front of 填空。,1、The teacher is standing _ the class and there is a big tree _ the classroom.,2、There is a beautiful cat _the back door.,3、We always sit_ the car.,4、A big tree is _ the old house.,6、The blackboard is _ the classroom.,in front of,in the front of,in front of,in front of,in the front of,in the front of,8.,replyanswer,【用法点拨】两者均可用作动词和名词。answer 是个通俗用词只针对question要给出的，内容简单的回答，常与ask相呼应；reply指正式的答复，常用作不及物动词.,【,同步检测】根据句意用 replyanswer的适当形式填空。,1、Our homework is so difficult, I cant find out the _ to the questions.,2、I asked Liu Ming for some money last week, but there was no _.,3、I am new here ,I dont know the way to the park ,so I cant _ your question.,4、An _ is different from a _.,5、Can you _ me where you are from ，please give me your _ quickly.,answer,answers,answer,answer,reply,reply,reply,9.,listenhear,【用法点拨】listen是不及物动词，强调“听的动作”，其后若跟宾语，须有to,即listen to sb.而 hear是及物动词，强调“听的结果”，常用于句型 hear sb do sth.另外，listen可单独使用, 而hear 却不可以。,【同步检测】根据句意用 listenhear 的适当形式填空。,1、_! Someone is singing in the next room.,2、A：The bell is ringing, _!Can you _ it?,B:I _ but I cant _ anything.,3、The radio says it is going to rain this evening, dont you _ that?,4、In the class we must _ to the teacher carefully or you cant _ anything.,listened,hear,Listen,listen,hear,hear,hear,Listen,10.,cost payspendtake,【,不同点】,1）cost 的主语一般是“物”，而spend 的主语通常为“人”。,2） cost,pay 通常用于花费金钱，而 spend,take即可表示花费金钱也可用于花费时间。,【常用句型】,1）It cost sb. some money.,2)sb. spend some moneyon sthin doing sth.,3)pay for sth for sb.,4)sb. pay some money for sth,= sb. spend some money on sth in doing sth,= sth costs sb. some money.,5) It takes sb. some time to do sth,= sb. spend some time in doing sth.,【注意】take 的主语也可以是某项活动。,Eg:The work will take three weeks (to finish it).,用costspend pay take适当形式填空,1)The cap _ me 50 yuan.,2)I _ 50 yuan on the cap.,I_ 50 yuan in buying the cap.,3)Now that you have no money, so Ill _ for you.,4）He _ 30 yuan for a pair of pants.,He _ 30 yuan on a pair of pants.,The pair of pants _ him 30 yuan.,5)It _ me three hours to do my homework every,day.,6）To finish this book _ my sister five years.,7)This beautiful skirt _ me two hundred yuan.,小试牛刀,cost,spent,pay,spent,paid,takes,takes,spent,cost,cost,11.,fill and full,【词性不同】：fill 是动词，意为“充满、装满”，而full 是形容词，意为“满的”。,【搭配不同】fill与with 搭配，而full和of搭配。,【注意】be filled with 与be full of同义，但前者强调的是动作，而后者侧重的是状态。,【,学会应用】,根据提示完成句子。,1、His head is _strange ideas。,2、The hall at once _,great joy.,3、Our school was _ of students.,4、I _my purse _ money.,5、The bottles are_ _ orange.,full of/filled with,was full of/filled with,full,filled,with,filled with/full of,12.so and such,【修饰语不同】 so 修饰副词、形容词，而such 修饰名词。,【结构不同】在修饰单数名词时so +adj+a+单数名词与,such+a+adj+单数名词 可互换。so 修饰副词、形容词，such 修饰名词，均可与that 组成固定搭配，意为“如此.以至于.,【热身演练】根据句意用sosuch 的适当形式填空。,1、This is _ nice a horse.,2、The flowers are _ beautiful.,3、He runs _ fast that no one can,catch up with him.,4、My brother bought _ a thick,dictionary, he is _ happy.,so,so,so,so,such,12.too much,与,much too,的区别。,much too,的中心词是,too (too,修饰形容词或副词的原级,), much,是来修饰,too,用来加强语气。,too much,的中心词是,much (1,：修饰形容词或副词的比较级；,2,：后跟不可数名词,), too,是来修饰,much,用来加强语气。,This dictionary is _ expensive.,This dictionary is _ more expensive,There is _ money in his pocket, I think it is not good for such a little boy.,It was _ cold yesterday.,She said _ at the meeting.,much too,much too,too much,too much,too much,13.代词比较辩异 one，that 和it,one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。,I cant find my hat. I think I must buy_.(不定)The hat you bought is bigger than _I bought.(同类但不同个)I cant find my hat. I don t know where I put_.( 同一物),one,that,it,one the other只有两个some the others 有三个以上one another，anothersome others，othersothers = other people/thingsthe others = the rest剩余的全部,1) 泛指另一个用another。 2) 一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。3) 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another)，第三个可用a third, (有时用the other) 。4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。,15.both, either, neither, all, any, none,这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后，行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。1)both (两者都)，either(两者中任何一个)， neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。Neither of the two boys is clever.,两个男孩都不聪明。2) both，either : both与复数连用，either与单数连用。Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。There are flowers on both sides of the street. (两岸),There are flowers on either side of the street. (岸的两边)路边长满了野花。3) all (所有的，全部的人或物)，any (任何一个)， none (都不)。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。,I dont like any of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。I like none of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。All of the students are there.所有的学生都在那。All (of) the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那。,16.few, little, a few, a little,(a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点few / little为否定含义，没有多少了。,He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。典型例题:Although he s wealthy，he spends_ on clothes. A. little B. fewC. a little D. a few,17.,see sb. / sth. doing,看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生,see sb. / sth. do,看见某人在做某事 如：,如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。,18.,used to,过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形. used to do sth.,There used to be .（反意疑问句）didnt there?,否定形式为: didnt use to 或 usednt to,疑问形式为: Diduse to? 或 Usedto?,be/get used to doing,sth.习惯于, to 为介词.,一般现在时:,一般过去时:,一般将来时:,情态动词:,现在进行时:,过去进行时:,现在完成时:,S+will+be +p.p,Summary: 各种时态的被动语态构成,情态动词的被动语态:,情态动词(not)+ be +过去分词,9.,Lily was made _ in the room the whole,afternoon.,A. study B. to study C. studies D. studying,10.,Can you tell me whom the play _ in 1998?,A. was written by B. was written,C. is written by D. is written,11.,Thousands of trees over the mountains _,by the farmers last year.,A. planted B was planted,C. were planted D will plant,12.,Our teacher often says the old should _.,A be spoken politely B be spoken to politely,C be spoken polite D be spoken to polite,13.,The medicine_ in a dry and cool place,A. keep B. must keep,C. must be kept D. must be keep,14.,This dictionary mustnt_ from the library,A. take away B. taken away,C. are taken away D. be taken away,15.,No one knows how the huge rocks_ and _without our modern machines eight hundred years ago,A. are cut；moved B. were cut；move,C. are cut；moving D. were cut；moved,16.,Many boys and girls are made_ what theyre not _,A. to do；interested B. to do；interested in,C. do；interested in D. doing；interested,17.,Look at the sign on the right.,Oh, parking _here.,A. doesnt allow B. isnt allowed,C. didnt allow D. wasnt allowed,18.,-Did you go to Sams weekend party?,No, I _.,A. am not invited B. wasnt invited,C. havent invited D. didnt invited,19.,The telephone _ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.,A. was invented B. has been invented,C. is invented D. will be invented,20.,Last year, Li Hua, a college student, _ to work for the Olympic Games.,A. is choosing B. is chosen,C. was choosing D. was chosen,真实条件句,要用陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时来表示将来意义。,非真实条件句,表示的是不可能实现的或实现的可能性很小的愿望或假想虚拟的情况，故要用虚拟语气。例如：,If I,were,you, I,would,take a small present.,初中阶段我们只要掌握“与现在事实相,反的虚拟”即可。其句式结构：,If +主语+,动词过去式, 主语+,would (should, could, might) +动词原形,(注意:当从句中的谓语动词是be动词时，常用were。),21.if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句 即 虚拟语气(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were), 一般过去时,(主句) 主语+would+动词原形 过去将来时,如：If I had time, I would go for a walk.,如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间),If I were you, I would take an umbrella.,假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你),I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.,假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。,19,. wear 表示状态. =be in +颜色的词,put on 表示动作.,dress + 人 给某人穿衣服.dress sb. / oneself,be /get dressed (in +衣服),化装;打扮dress up,20.,fifteen-year-old,作形容词15岁的,fifteen-year-olds,作名词指15岁的人,fifteen years old,指年龄15岁如：,a fifteen-year-old boy一个15岁的男孩,Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。,I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。,21.to ones surprise,令某人惊讶如：,to their surprise令他们惊讶to LiLeis surprise令李雷惊讶,in surprise,惊奇地（作状语）,be surprised at sb,. 对某人的举动感到诧异,be surprised to do sth,. 对做某事感到惊讶,22.look for,寻找,find,找到、发现,find out指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。,discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。,23.must 一定 肯定 (100%的可能性),may, might, could有可能，也许 (20%80%的可能性),cant 不可能，不会 (可能性几乎为零),The dictionary _,be,mine. It has my name on it.,The CD _,belong,to Tony because he likes listening to pop music.,The hair band _,be,Bobs. After all, he is boy!,must,might/could/may,cant,24.because of , because,because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语,because +从句如：,I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。,I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。,25、,raise,reiz 及物动词 举起、提高 ；募捐 用外力升起，如升旗,rise,（不及物动词）上升。自然升起，如价格上涨，日出等。,Raise the money for charity. Raise the Five-red-star flag,26.,how far,问路程多远（20 kilometers , five munites walk）,how old,问年龄多少岁（13 years old）,how long,问时间 多久；多长（since, for）,how often,问频率多久一次（sometimes, often, 3 times a day, every day）,27.,each,每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用,every,每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用,选择题：,1.They arrived _ London_ a cold winter night.,A.at, in B.in, on C.at, on D.in, at,2.Its rather cold today.Youd better _ more clothes before you go out.,A.put on B.wear C.to put on D.to wear,3.You must be very tired. Why not _ a rest?,A.stop taking B.stop to take,C.to stop taking D.to stop to take,4._, Ive caught up with my classmates in my English studies.,A.Under his help,B.With his help,C.Under the help of him,D.With the help of him,5.Mother told me _ in the sun.,A.not read B.dont read,C.read not D.not to read,6.Watching TV _ is bad for your eyes. A.much too B.many too,C.too much D.too many,7.Those foreign visitors _ our city the day before yesterday.,A.arrived B.reached C.reached to D.got in,8.She asked me to help her _ her Chinese.,A.at B.with C.for D.on,9.Look _ the words in the dictionary when you dont know _ they mean.,A.up, what B.up, that C.for, that D.for, what,10.One after another, three of them _.,A. fell asleep B. got to asleep,C. went to asleep D. were sleeping,重要句型,1.,find + 宾语 + 宾补,（名词 形容词 介词短语 分词等）,例：I find him friendly.,I found him working in the garden.,He found the window closed.,find it +形容词+to do,eg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我发觉学好英语是很有用的),find +宾语 +名词eg.I find him a good boy. (我发现他是个好男孩.),find +宾语 +形容词,eg.I find the door open/closed. (我发现门开/关着) I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我发现我们的包装满了礼物),2.,one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 其中之一,如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。,3. Its +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事,如：Its difficult (for me ) to study English.对于我来说学习英语太难了。,句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English,It is good (nice/kind/clever/brave)of+宾格+to do sth.,eg.It is very good of you to teach me English. (你教我英语真是太好了),4.There be 结构,a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。,eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have也解释为“有”但是与there be有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.I have a nice watch.,b.There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。,c.there be 结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：there is going to be,d.反意疑问句的构成：There is no water in the glass, is there?,There is going to _ a football match this afternoon.,A. have B. watch C. be D. play,They were sure that they were going to _ a rest.,A. be B. have C. be on D. on,e.There be sb/sth doing sth sw.,Eg.有些孩子在操场上踢足球。,There are some children playing football on the playground.,5.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。,a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。,eg.Mike has bought some foreign stamps. So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too.,b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词)主语，表示某人也不。,eg.Mother has never been to Japan. Neither has Father.=Father has never been to Japan, either.,c.So主语be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同), 请同学们与a.区别。,eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom.,B:So he is.=He is really in the class room.,6.Its+时间+since动词过去式。自从.起已有.时间了。,Its two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了),How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了,现在完成时+since+一般过去时,自从这家工厂1995年开办以来，他就在这里工作。,He has worked here since the factory opened in1995.,7.祈使句+and (那么).,eg.Go straight on and youll see a school.=If you go straight on, youll see a school.,8.祈使句+or.否则.,eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students. =If you dont work hard, youll fall behind the other,9. The+比较级.，the+比较级. 越.越.,eg.The more, the better. 越多越好。,The harder you work on it, the better youll be at it.(你越用功，你就越好。),10.What.be like?.是什么样的？,What do/doeslike? 喜欢什么？,Eg. 他喜欢什么？他喜欢数学。,What does he like? He likes math.,eg.明天天气如何？,What will the weather be like tomorrow?,你们学校是什么样的？,Whats your school like?,11.I dont think+肯定句 我想.不,eg.I dont think Ill take it. (我想我不买它了),请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。,我认为那自行车没什么毛病。,I dont think there is anything wrong with the bike.,注意其反义疑问句：,I dont think there is anything wrong with the bike, is there?,He doesnt think Mr Green is at home, is he?,12.prefer A to B=like A better than B 更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.,eg. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than chicken,prefer v.更喜爱，更喜欢，相当于likebetter，其过去式、过去分词为preferred,常见的搭配有:,preferto喜欢而不喜欢（to为介词）,She prefers apples to bananas.,prefer doing to doing（to为介词）,He prefers running to walking.,prefer to do rather than do sth.宁愿干而不愿干,They prefer to play games rather than watch TV,.,13.had better do sth.最好干某事.,否定:had better not do sth.,特别注意:had better后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be.,eg. Youd better catch a train.,Youd better not talk in class.,Youd better not be late for the class.,注意其反义疑问句：,Youd better catch a bus, hadnt you?,14.It takes sb. some time to do sth.(干某事化费某人多少时间),=sb.spend some time on sth. (in) doing sth.eg.,It took me half an hour to do the work.,=I spent half an hour in doing the work.,sb.pay 钱 for 物 某物化费了某人多少钱=sb.spend 钱 on 物 =物 cost sb.钱 , pay的过去式为paid 而不是payed.,eg.I paid thirty yuan for the coat.,=I spent thirty yuan on the coat.,=The coat cost me thirty yuan.,15. too形容词(副词)+to太而不能 太以致于不,eg.The basket is too heavy for me to carry. 这篮子太重我拿不动。 This color TV is too expensive for us to buy. 这台彩电对我们来说太贵了，买不起。,so.that 如此.以致于.,上面的too.to结构的句子，可以换成so.that 引导的句子转换。The basket is so heavy that I cant carry it. This colour TV is so expensive that we cant afford it.,16.Whats the population of .? .人口有多少？,不说How much population in.?,形容人口数量的大用large,eg.The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA,注意比较句型中用that代替,Eg. The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Shantou,.,17.not.until (连词)方才，才,eg.He says that he wont be free until tomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。,肯定句until 到,eg.Youd better wait until tomorrow. (你最好等到明天),一般两种时态搭配：,He wont go home until Jim comes back.,He didnt go home until Jim came back yesterday.,18.neither.nor. 既不.也不. either.or. 或者.或者.,eg. Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word hundred.,Either you or she is right. (谓语动词就近原则),both.and. 两者都.,Not only.but also 不但而且,eg.Both Jim and I are in Grade One (主语看作复数),=Not only Jim but also I am in Grade One. (谓语动词就近原则),19. hope to do sth,. 希望干某事 .,hope that.,希望某人干某事,不可用hope sb.to do sth.,20. only 处于句首,并后跟状语时,全句需要倒装,.,例: Only then did he understand it. 只有到那时,他才明白.,Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有这样我们才能把英语学好.,Only when she came home, did he learn the news. 当她到家时,他才得知了这消息.,22. would rather than （= would rather than）宁愿，而不愿。,前后连接两个动词原形，否定形式为：would rather not do sth,would rather than = prefer to ,但prefer to 若连接两个动词，动词应为v-ing 形式。,He would rather jog than play football.,=He prefers jogging to playing football.,would rather 常单独使用，表示“宁愿做”,He would rather watch TV at home.,rather than = instead of 而不是（连接两个并列成分，前后对称）。,Id prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter.,I decided to write rather than telephone.,I like going out with you rather than with him.,She enjoys listening rather than speaking.,练习题：,1.-Where is Mary? -Oh, she _ the librory.,A. has gone to B. went to,C. has been to D. had gone to,2.He knew little about the film _ he saw it yesterday evening.,A. if B. since C. until D. because,3.I_ change his mind. Dont worry, Hell surely come to get it.,A.think he wont B. think he will,C.dont think he wont D. dont think he will,4.- _do you_ the TV play? - Not bad, I think.,A. How; think of B. What; like,C. How; like D. What;think,5. I _ have a good time _ the party.,A. hope you will; at,B. like you; on,C. hope you to ;in,D. want you that; from,Have 的两种特殊句型,1have宾语省略to的动词不定式,该句型中作主语的“人或物”让作宾语的“人或物”去做某事。此时的宾语与省略to的不定式（宾语补足语）之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：I would have you buy a new bike 我想让你买辆新自行车。We cant have the car stop 我们无法让汽车停下来。,2have宾语过去分词,该句型中作主语的“人或物”让作宾语的“人或物”被。此时的宾语与过去分词（宾语补足语）之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。如： Ill have my hair cut tomo