资源描述
单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,0,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,新,课,导,入,江雪,千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。,孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。,10,小石潭记,R,八年级,语文,下册,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,学,习,目,标,1.了解作者及本文的写作背景；借助工具书和注释读通文章；积累文言词语，掌握重点实词。重点,2.把握作品的思想内涵；品味由景入情、情景交融的写作方法。难点,3.激发热爱自然、赞美自然的思想感情，陶冶自身情操，培养安康的审美情趣。重点,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,作,者,简,介,柳宗元773819，唐代文学家、哲学家。字子厚，河东现在山西永济西人，世称柳河东。与刘禹锡等参加主张革新的王叔文集团，失败后被贬为永州司马。后迁柳州刺史，与韩愈倡导古文运动，并称“韩柳，同列“唐宋八大家。诗文风格清峭，与韦应物并称“韦柳。代表作有?河东先生集?。,背,景,链,接,公元805年，柳宗元参加王叔文领导的政治革新运动。革新失败后，柳宗元被贬为永州司马。在永州历时十年，贫病交加，政治理想无法实现，满怀愤懑。所幸永州的大自然待他不薄，奇形异态的潭水、小丘、山涧美不胜收，他便借山水排解内心的忧愁。著名的?永州八记?即为这一时期所作。?小石潭记?为其中之一记。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,文,体,知,识,记 古代的一种文体。可以记叙描写，也可以抒情议论，并通过记事、记物、写景、记人来抒发作者的感情或见解，借景抒情，托物言志，属于记叙文的范畴。因此，它可以写景状物，如?核舟记?；也可以叙事，如?桃花源记?；也可以将写景状物与议论抒情结合起来，如?岳阳楼记?。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,自由朗读课文，疏通生字词，把不理解的字、词、句标注出来。,整,体,感,知,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,篁竹 清冽 卷石底 ,坻 屿 嵁 ,俶尔 佁然 翕忽 ,悄怆 幽邃 奉壹 ,hun,li,qun,ch,y,kn,ch,y,x,chun,su,y,小石潭记,从,小丘西,行百二十步，隔,篁竹,，闻水声，,如鸣珮环,，心,乐,之。伐竹取道，,下,见小潭，水,尤清冽,。,在小石潭东面。,向西，方位名词作状语。,竹林。,好似佩带的珮环碰撞发出的声音。珮、环，都是玉饰。,形容词的意动用法，以,为乐。,名词作状语，表示方向，向下。,格外。,清凉。,解,词,释,意,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,从小丘西行百二十步，隔篁竹，闻水声，如鸣珮环，心乐之。伐竹取道，下见小潭，水尤清冽。,从小丘向西行走约一百二十步，隔着竹林，就能听到水声，好似人身上佩带的珮环相碰击发出的响声，我听到这声音感到很快乐。于是砍了竹子，开辟出一条小路，往下走便看见一个小潭，水格外清凉。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,全石,以为,底，,近,岸，卷石底,以,出，为,坻,，为,屿,，为,嵁,，为岩。,青树,翠蔓,，,蒙,络,摇缀，,参差,披拂,。,以,为，把,作为。,形容词作动词，靠近。,而。,水中高地。,小岛。,不平的岩石。,翠绿的藤蔓。,蒙盖。,缠绕。,参差不齐的样子。,随风飘拂的样子。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,全石以为底，近岸，卷石底以出，为坻，为屿，为嵁，为岩。青树翠蔓，蒙络摇缀，参差披拂。,潭以整块石头为底，靠近岸边，石底向上弯曲露出水面，成为坻、屿、嵁、岩各种不同的形状。青葱的树木，翠绿的藤蔓，蒙盖缠绕，摇曳牵连，参差不齐，随风飘拂。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,潭中鱼可百许头，皆假设空游无所依，日光下澈，影布石,上。佁然不动，俶尔远逝，往来翕忽，似与游者相乐。,大约。,表示约数。,什么依靠也没有。,名词作状语，向下。,分布，这里指映照。,静止不动的样子。,突然间向远处游去。俶尔，突然。,轻快敏捷的样子。,潭中鱼可百许头，皆假设空游无所依，日光下澈，影布石上。佁然不动，俶尔远逝，往来翕忽，似与游者相乐。,潭中游鱼大约有一百来条，都好似在空中游动，没有什么依靠，阳光照到水底，鱼的影子映在水底的石上。呆呆地不动，突然向远处游去，来来往往，轻快敏捷。好似在跟游人一起玩乐。,潭,西南,而,望,，,斗折蛇行,，,明灭可见,。其岸势犬牙差互，,不可知其源。,名词作状语，向西南。,看。,溪水像北斗星那样曲折，像蛇那样蜿蜒前行。,时隐时现。,潭西南而望，斗折蛇行，明灭可见。其岸势犬牙差互，不可知其源。,顺着小石潭向西南方向望去，看到溪水像北斗星那样曲折，像长蛇那样蜿蜒前行，时隐时现。小溪两岸的形状，像狗牙那样参差不齐，无法知道水的源头。,坐潭上，四面竹树,环合,，,寂寥,无人，,凄神寒骨,，,悄怆,幽,邃,。,以,其境,过,清,，不可久,居,，,乃,记之而,去,。,同游者：,吴武陵,，,龚古,，余弟,宗玄,。,隶而从,者，崔氏,二小生,：曰恕己，曰奉壹。,围绕，包围。,寂静，寥落。,感到心情凄凉，寒气透骨。,忧伤。,深。,因为。,太。,凄清。,停留。,于是，就。,离开。,作者的朋友，也被贬到永州。,作者的朋友。,作者的堂弟。,跟随着同去。,两个年轻人。,坐潭上，四面竹树环合，寂寥无人，凄神寒骨，悄怆幽邃。以其境过清，不可久居，乃记之而去。,我坐在潭边，四周被竹子和树林围绕着，静寂寥落，空无一人，使人感到心情凄凉，寒气透骨，幽静深远，弥漫着忧伤的气息。因为这地方太凄清，不能长时间的停留，于是记下这番景致便离去了。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,同游者：吴武陵，龚古，余弟宗玄。隶而从者，崔氏二小生：曰恕己，曰奉壹。,同我一起游玩的人，有吴武陵，龚古，我的堂弟宗玄。跟着同去的还有两个姓崔的年轻人：一个叫恕己，一个叫奉壹。,不可久居 ,乃记之而去 ,潭中鱼可百许头 ,崔氏二小生 ,古义：停留 今义：住，居住,古义：离开 今义：到，往,古义：大约 今义：可以,古义：年轻人,今义：戏曲艺术中的一种角色,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,可,从,潭中鱼可百许头 ,不可久居 ,从小丘西行百二十步 ,隶而从者 ,副词，大约,副词，可以，能够,介词，自，由,动词，跟随,为,全石以为底 ,为坻，为屿 ,动词，作为,动词，成为,清,水尤清冽 ,以其境过清 ,形容词，清澈,形容词，凄清,环,如鸣珮环 ,四面竹树环合 ,名词，玉饰,动词，环绕,以,全石以为底 ,卷石底以出 ,以其境过清 ,介词，把,连词，而,介词，因为,从小丘西行百二十步 ,日光下澈 ,皆假设空游无所依 ,斗折蛇行 ,名词做状语，向西,名词做状语，向下,名词做状语，在空中,斗：名词做状语，像北斗星一样。,蛇：名词做状语，像蛇一样。,其岸势犬牙差互 ,凄神寒骨 ,心乐之 ,名词做状语，像狗的牙齿那样。,凄：形容词的使动用法，使,凄凉。,寒：形容词的使动用法，使,寒冷。,形容词的意动用法，以,为乐。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,倒装句：,全石以为底宾语前置，应为“以全石为底,卷石底以出主语后置，应为“石底卷以出,省略句：,影布石上“布后面省略介词“于,斗折蛇行句首省略主语“溪流,课,文,精,讲,朗读课文第一段，讨论以下问题：,作者是按照什么顺序来描写发现小石潭的经过？用了哪些准确的动词？,本段描写了哪些景物？写景用了什么写法？,1.,作者,是按照什么顺序来描写发现小石潭的经过？用了哪些准确的动词？,“隔篁竹，闻水声，“伐竹取道，下见小潭。,文章写发现小石潭是按照先闻其声、后见其形、移步换景的顺序来描写的。,用了“隔、闻、伐、取、见等准确的动词，使读者随着作者的脚步一同游历，感受作者喜悦的心情和探奇的情趣。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.,本段描写了哪些景物？写景用了什么写法？,从小丘西行百二十步，隔篁竹，闻水声，如鸣珮环，心乐之。伐竹取道，下见小潭，水尤清冽。全石以为底，近岸，卷石底以出，为坻，为屿，为嵁，为岩。青树翠蔓，蒙络摇缀，参差披拂。,篁竹,水声,小潭,青树,移步换景,本段写了哪些景物，用的是什么写法？,写游鱼的这一节，极为细腻传神，采用了什么手法？写鱼除了表现潭水的清澈外，还有何用意？,潭水有什么特点？用的是什么写法？好处是什么？,朗读课文第二段，讨论以下问题：,1.,本段写了哪些,景物，用,的是什么写法？,描写了,潭水,、,游鱼,，用的是,特写镜头,。,2,.,写游鱼的这一,节，极为,细腻,传神，采用,了什么手法？写鱼除了表现潭水的清澈,外，还有,何用意？,写游鱼采用了动静结合的手法，“佁然不动是静，“俶尔远逝是动，水中游鱼静态与动态的迅速更替，呈现出一派盎然生机。同时，由景及情，自然引出鱼群“似与游者相乐一语，既表现了作者在赏景中的心理状态，又给读者留下想象的空间。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,3.,潭水有什么特点？用的是什么写法？好处是什么？,清澈澄净,。,侧面描写,，通过写游鱼、阳光、影子，衬托潭水的清澈。,无一字写水，但无处不在写水,。,第三自然段描写小潭源流，作者是从什么角度写小石潭的？抓住溪水、岸势的什么特点来写？,朗读课文三、四段，讨论以下问题：,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.,作者,是从什么角度写小石潭的？抓住溪水、岸势的什么特点来写？,从作者立足潭边的远视角度，侧面描写小石潭。同时又抓住了溪水的蜿蜒曲折、岸势的参差不齐来写。两者动静相映，各具特色。,这是全文的点睛之笔，提醒了全文的主旨，情景交融，既高度概括了小石潭环境凄清寂静、令人感到忧伤的特点，又写出了作者被贬后凄苦孤寂的心情。,2.分析“凄神寒骨，悄怆幽邃的表达作用。,本文寓情于景，情景交融。作者在描写景物时，无不渗透着作者自己的感受和情怀。这远离尘世的小石潭虽风光优美，充满了生机，但却无人赏识，四周被竹围抱，其凄清无闻与自己的遭遇一样。作者离开国都长安来到荒僻的南方州郡，政治上受挫折，生活上不习惯。因此，他寄情山水，也是为了摆脱抑郁心情。此刻幽凄清冷的环境更容易激起他郁郁不得志的情感。,3.,作者是怎样把情和景结合起来的？,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,文章前面写“心乐之，后面又写 “悄怆幽邃，一乐一忧似难相容，该如何理解？,深,入,探,究,本文是按什么顺序来写的？文中突出表现了“小石潭的什么特点？,本文是按游览的先后顺序来写景抒情的，具体：发现小石潭-潭中景物-小潭源流-潭中气氛。文中突出地表现了“小石潭幽静的特点，具体为：石奇、水清、鱼活、溪流曲折、环境凄清的特点。整体感受是幽深冷寂，孤凄悲凉。,发现小潭：隔闻伐取见移步换景,小石潭记,环境清幽,孤寂凄苦,潭中景物：,潭水：清澈侧面描写,游鱼：活泼动静结合,特写镜头,小潭源流：,溪身：斗折蛇行,岸势：犬牙差互,形象比喻,潭上气氛：凄神寒骨，悄怆幽邃寓情于景,同游之人：补充交代,结,构,梳,理,请简要概括文章的主旨内容。,本文描写了小石潭幽深冷寂的风光，渲染了凄清的气氛，抒发了作者遭贬后的悲凉凄苦之情。,主,题,概,括,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.移步换景。,作者在移动变换中带着我们领略各种不同的景致，具有极强的动态的画面感。由小丘到篁竹，由篁竹到闻水声，再由水声寻到小潭，讲述了发现小潭的经过，充满了悬念和探奇的情趣，逐渐在人们面前展开一幅美妙的图画。,写,作,借,鉴,2.寓情于景，情景交融。,作者在描写景物时，无不渗透着自己的感受和情怀。小石潭风光优美，充满了生机，却位于偏僻之地，不被外人所知。小石潭的遭遇正与自己的遭遇一样，作者不禁触景生情，此刻过于清冷的环境更容易激起作者“凄神寒骨，悄怆幽邃的情感。小石潭景物的清幽美与作者心境的凄清美形成了强烈的比照，有力地衬托出作者那种无法摆脱的压抑心情，也含蓄地表露了作者对冷酷现实的不满。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,“永州八记,唐代永州，地处荒僻，然而自然风光甚美。柳宗元于唐顺宗永贞元年805被贬为永州司马，居永州十年之久。因心情郁闷，常自放山水之间，并写过不少山水游记，其中一组八篇尤为后人传诵，世称“永州八记，文载?柳河东集?。,拓,展,延,伸,“永州八记为：?始得西山宴游记?钴鉧潭记?钴鉧潭西小丘记?至小丘西小石潭记?课本有些选本均简作?小石潭记?袁家渴记?石渠记?石涧记?小石城山记?。八记各自成篇，而又有一定联系，好似一卷优美的山水画轴，把永州秀丽的奇山异水描绘得形神毕肖。各篇均根,据实地景物情况，突出地写出其中某一特点，且同为写石写水，亦各不一样。作者用简洁、生动的语言形象地再现了永州山水，不仅貌肖，而且传神，故为游记中的名篇。,课后习题,参考,答案,一 这是一篇短小精巧的游记。认真读课文，理清游记的线索，然后背诵全文。,本文以游踪为线索：,发现小潭,潭中景物,小潭源流,潭中气氛,记录同游者。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,二,本文在景物描写中蕴含着情感，阅读时我们能感受到作者情感的起伏变化。试做具体分析。,听水声“心乐之，见游鱼“似与游者相乐，作者感到快乐，暂时忘掉了烦恼失意。然而坐潭上而觉“凄神寒骨，悄怆幽邃，眼前景物的幽深寂静又使他感到凄凉难耐。联系背景，应该说乐是忧的另一种表现形式。柳宗元参与改革，失败被贬，心中愤懑难平，因而凄苦是他感情的主调，而寄情山水正是为了摆脱这种抑郁的心情；但这种欢乐毕竟是暂时的，一经凄清环境的触发，忧伤悲凉的心情又会流露出来。,三,小石潭给你留下的最深刻的印象是什么？如果你也坐在小石潭边，会有怎样的感受？试用几个词或一两句话把你的感受表达出来。,人迹罕至，凄清幽静，孤寂悲凉,向西,斗：像北斗星那样,蛇：像长蛇爬行那样,像狗的牙齿一样,凄、寒：使动用法，使,感到凄凉，使,感到寒冷,解释下列加点的词。,1.,从小丘西行百二十步,2.,斗折蛇行，明灭可见,3.,其岸势犬牙差互,4.,凄神寒骨,五 柳宗元的山水游记上承郦道元?水经注?的成就，而又有突破性的开展。明代文学家茅坤说：“夫古之善记山川，莫如柳子厚。课外阅读“永州八记中的其他作品，如?始得西山宴游记?钴鉧潭西小丘记?等，体会柳宗元山水游记的特色。也可以阅读后世的游记作品，如袁宏道?满井游记?、袁枚?峡江寺飞泉亭记?、姚鼐?登泰山记?等，体会其与柳宗元文章风格的不同之处。,参考答案：,1.精彩的景物描绘。柳宗元描绘山水景物，既善于用简洁的笔触勾勒出景物的全貌，又善于用精巧的细腻的手法对局部景物进展工笔描绘。如写小石潭的石底，“卷石底以出，一个“卷字写活了石头。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.自然山水的性格化。柳宗元写景，但不客观的模山范水，而是写自己主观感受中的景物。用山水景物的特点和遭遇来表现自己的性格特点和思想状况。,3.形象化的议论。比方?钴潭西小丘记?中关于小丘遭遇的议论。,4.语言精练而不雕琢，优美而不华靡。他主张为文“意尽便止。如?小石潭记?中长短句交织出现，读起来起伏变化、流畅婉转，显示出语言的音韵美。,文章风格略。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,背诵课文，想象其中描写的美好景致。,课外阅读“永州八记其他篇目。,运用本文的写作方法描写一处你喜欢的景物。,课,后,作,业,
展开阅读全文