MARTE Tutorial An OMG standard UML profile to develop Real

Titre de la diapositive,Cliquez pour modifier les styles du texte du masque,Deuxime niveau,Troisime niveau,Quatrime niveau,Cinquime niveau,*,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,www.omgmarte.org,Copyright THALES ,Copyright,CEA ,Copyright,INRIA,www.omgmarte.org,Titre de la diapositive,Cliquez pour modifier les styles du texte du masque,Deuxime niveau,Troisime niveau,Quatrime niveau,Cinquime niveau,MARTE Tutorial,An OMG standard: UML profile to develop Real-Time and Embedded systems,Overview, NFP / VSL, GCM,Context of This Work,2,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,The present courseware has been elaborated in the context of the MODELPLEX European IST FP6 project (,).,Co-funded by the European Commission, the MODELPLEX project involves 21 partners from 8 different countries.,MODELPLEX aims at defining and developing a coherent infrastructure specifically for the application of MDE to the development and subsequent management of complex systems within a variety of industrial domains.,To achieve the goal of large-scale adoption of MDE, MODELPLEX promotes the idea of a collaborative development of courseware dedicated to this domain.,The MDE courseware provided here with the status of open-source software is produced under the EPL 1.0 license.,3,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Agenda,Part 1,Marte Overview,Part 2,A component model for RT/E,Part 3,Non-functional properties modeling,4,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,UML Profiling Basics,Profile:,Lightweight Extension / Specialization of the UML metamodel,For particular application domains,Stereotypes,Extension / Specialization of existing metaclasses,Contains a set of “tagged values” (i.e. domain specific properties),Constraints,On the usage of stereotypes,On the usage of constructs provided by the source metamodel,Notation options (i.e. icons, figures),apply,Uml2:Kernel,Operation,stereotype,cppVirtual,profile,C+Profile,MyModel,MyClass,myOpA(),myOpB(),cppVirtual,myOpC(),5,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Design Pattern Adopted for the MARTE Profile,Stage 1,Description of MARTE,domain models (DV),Purpose: Formal description of the concepts required for MARTE,Techniques: Meta-modeling,Stage 2, Mapping of MARTE domain models towards,UML2:,UML Representation (UR),Purpose: MARTE domain models design as a UML2 extensions,Techniques:UML2 profile,6,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,How to read this tutorial,Within next slides, we may shown models at different levels of abstraction. We will clarify each level through following pictograms,For Domain View level,For UML Profile View Level,For User Model View Level,7,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Example: Domain model, Profile Usage,8,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Relationships with other OMG Standards,Relationships with generic OMG standards,Profile the UML2 superstructure meta-model,Replace UML Profile for SPT (Scheduling, Performance and Time),Use OCL2 (Object Constraints Language),Relationships with RT&E specific OMG standards,Existing standards,The UML profile for Modeling QoS and FT Characteristics and Mechanisms,Addressed through MARTE NFP package (in a way detailed in the NFP presentation),The UML profile for SoC (System On Chip),More specific than,MARTE,purpose,The Real-Time CORBA profile,Real-Time CORBA based architecture can be annotated for analysis with Marte,The UML profile for Systems Engineering (SysML),Specialization of SysML allocation concepts and reuse of flow-related concepts,Ongoing discussion to include VSL in next SysML version,Overlap of team members,9,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,MARTE Overview,Foundations for RT/E systems modeling and analysis:,CoreElements,NFPs,Time,Generic resource modeling,Generic component modeling,Allocation,Specialization of foundations for annotating model for analysis purpose:,Generic quantitative analysis,Schedulability analysis,Performance analysis,Specialization of MARTE foundations for modeling purpose (specification, design, ):, RTE model of computation and communication,Software resource modeling,Hardware resource modeling,Extracted from S.Gerard (ECRTS07),10,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,MARTE Frontiers and Challenges,MARTE define the language constructs only!,Common patterns, base building blocks, standard NFP annotations,Generic constraints that do not force specific execution models, analysis techniques or implementation technologies,It does not cover methodologies aspects:,Interface-Based Design, Design Space Exploration,Means to manage refinement of NFP measurement models,Concrete processes to storage, bind, and display NFP context models,Mapping to transform MoCCs into analysis models,MARTE is to the RTES domain as UML to the System &,Software domain: a family of large and open,specification formalisms!,11,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Agenda,Part 1,Marte Overview,Part 2,A component model for RT/E,Part 3,Non-functional properties modeling,12,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Component-based paradigms in the RTE domain,Component architectures are increasingly used in RTE execution platforms,Need for manageable and reusable pieces of software,Key examples: Lightweight-CCM, SCA, Autosar,Concept of component also used to structure System / Software engineering processes,Entities under analysis/design broken down into a series of components,Applicable at different stages of the process,Different kind: active vs. passive (e.g., UML active classes),Examples of related languages: SysML, AADL,There is a need to provide modeling constructs to support these concepts at different levels of abstraction,13,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,What is a component in UML?,UML distinguishes the notions of structured class and component,The kernel of the language defines,Class,and,Interface,StructuredClasses,defines,Port,and,Connector,and provide the ability to describe a,Class,as an assembly of parts,Basic,and,PackagingComponent,define the notion of component realization and adds packaging capabilities,In any case, no support for flow-oriented communications,14,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,General Component Model,Introduced to cope with various component-based models,SysML, Spirit, AADL, Lightweight-CCM, EAST-ADL2, Autosar,Does not imply any specific model of computation,Relies mainly on UML structured classes, on top of which a support for SysML blocks has been added,Atomic and non-atomic flow ports,Flow properties and flow specifications,But also providing a support for Lightweight-CCM, AADL and EAST-ADL2, Spirit and Autosar,15,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,The MARTE GCM subprofile,16,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Example of component definition,Standard UML port typed by a class that uses the LocationAccess interface,Atomic flow port typed by a Classifier,Complex flow port typed by a flow specification,17,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Example of component usage,UML delegation connector used with an atomic flow port,Outgoing atomic flow port,Incoming atomic flow port,UML delegation connector used with a non-atomic flow port,18,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Agenda,Part 1,Marte Overview,Part 2,A component model for RT/E,Part 3,Non-functional properties modeling,19,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,NFP tutorial Goals,To give a “MARTE NFPs” background, yes, but also,To know its main,design rationales,To know its,modeling capabilities/alternatives,and to learn,how and when,to use them,20,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Information used to:,Static V&V,: performance prediction, resource usage evaluation, ,Dynamic configuration:,resource management, mode changes, ,Should include design process information:,How information was obtained (estimations, measurement,)?,How information was calculated (derived parameters,refinement,)?,How accurate information is?,Non-Functional Properties,An information of a modeled system, or system,part, which is not related to its functional purpose,(e.g., latencies, memory size, power consumption),21,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Main known approaches:,NFR Framework,: an approach to evaluate different quality goals and their interference.,CQML (Aagedal):,language for expressing qualities in contract-aware components (no semantic link to execution model),QCCS:,it enhances CQML by providing refinement capabilities and a link to a basic execution model (operation, event identification),OMG approaches:,SPT Profile,: Tag Value Language (TVL) for expressing mathematical, logical and basic time expressions.,QoS Profile,(based on CQML): QoS value qualifiers, required an offered constraints (assume/guarantee component interfaces), catalog approach.,Previous Work,22,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,NFPs sub-profile, based on the QoS Profile,:,Measurements,: magnitude + unit (e.g., energy, data size, duration),Qualifiers:,Value source, statistical measure, value precision,Value Specification Language (VSL), based on TVL and OCL,:,Mathematical expressions,(arithmetic, logical, ),Time expressions,(delays, periods, trigger conditions,),Variables,: placeholders for unknown analysis parameters.,The MARTEs NFP Modeling Framework(NFPs Profile + VSL),A set of extensions to specify semantically rich,non-functional annotations,23,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,NFP Framework:Basic Description,24,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Three main stereotypes:,Nfp, Nfptype, NfpConstraint, Unit,A predefined library of Units and NfpTypes:,Power, Frequency, DataSize, DataTxRate, Duration, BoundDuration,A set of generic qualifier for these NFP Types,A placeholder for “expressions” in addition to the actual “value”.,Three mechanism to annotate NFP values:,Tagged Values,InstanceSpecification Slots,Constraints,The NFPs Profile,25,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Extending UML Expressiveness for NFPs,CAN Bus with,Pure UML,CAN Bus with,MARTEs NFP,26,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Basic NFP Annotation Mechanism (Slots),2) Declare NFPs in user models,1) Declare NFP types,3) Specify NFP values,- Define classifiers and their attributes using NFP types,- Such attributes are tagged as nfp,- Instantiate classifiers and specify their slot values using VSL,- Define measurement units and conversion parameters,- Define NFP types with qualifiers,27,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Formally defined (unlike TVL),Provide a,metamodel,based on the UML one (DataTypes & ValueSpecifications),A subset of additional metaclasses are implemented as Stereotypes (,DataTypes,),Expression,metaclasses are extended as an orthogonal language.,MARTE proposes a,grammar,implementation,It may be implemented by a separated,metamodel,(e.g. based on Ecore),A extended system of data types:,Composite types,: Tuples, Choice, Collection types,Subtypes:,bounded subtype,A extended language for expressions:,Primitives, Composites, Expression&Variables, Time Expressions.,Three mechanism to annotate NFP values:,Tagged Values, InstanceSpecification Slots,and,Constraints,The Value Specification Language,28,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Basic Textual Expressions in VSL,Value Spec.,Examples,Real Number,1.2E-3 /scientific notation,DateTime,#12/01/06 12:00:00# /calendar date time,Collection,1, 2, 88, 5, 2 /sequence, bag, ordered set.,1,2,3, 3,2 /collection of collections,Tuple and choice,(value=2.0, unit= ms) /duration tuple value,periodic(period=2.0, jitter=3.3) /arrival pattern,Interval,1.251 /upper opened interval between integers,$A1.$A2 /interval between variables,Variable declaration & Call,io$var1 /input/output variable declaration,var1 /variable call expression.,Arithmetic Operation Call,+(5.0,var1) /”add” operation on Real datatypes,5.0+var1 /infix operator notation,Conditional Expression,(var16.0)?(106):1) /if true return 10 exp 6,else 1,Extended Primitive Values,Extended Composite Values,Extended Expressions,29,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Design Rationales & Further Usage,30,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,UML-Related Concepts,31,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Why not the QoS Profile?,Too complex annotation mechanism,Two stages to annotate model & models borrowed by InstanceSpecifications,But mainly political reasons ;-),Result, NFP stereotypes replace QoS ones,Why not Stereotypes to extend UML expressions?,As we intend to annotate NFP values in Tagged Values, we dont want to stereotype information within TaggedValues,We dont want to confuse users by mixing M1 and M2 levels,Result, Qualifiers in NfpTypes & a new textual language: VSL,Some Design Choices,32,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Annotating NFPs in Tagged Values: Ex.,CAN Bus annotated with Stereotypes,33,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Annotating NFPs in Tagged Values,MARTE pre-defined,2) Define NFP-like extensions,1) Declare NFP types,3) Specify NFP values,- Define stereotypes and their attributes using NFP types,- Apply stereotypes and specify their tag values using VSL,- Define measurement units and conversion parameters,- Define NFP types with qualifiers,34,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Annotating NFPs in Constraints,2) Declare NFPs,1) Declare NFP types,3) Specify NFP values,-Define classifiers and their attributes using NFP types,Create Constraints to define assertions on NFP values using VSL,nfpConstraint is a,required,offered, or,contract,constraint of NFPs,- Define measurement units and conversion parameters,- Define NFP types with qualifiers,35,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Why not OCL instead of VSL?,Too hard to learn for end users,No time expressions,Result, VSL reuse OCL syntax, but the metamodel is closer to UML one,VSL take into account the ISO Standard: General Purpose DataTypes,It allows to map the VSL syntax to standard programming languages (e.g., C, Pascal),Some Design Choices (2),36,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,VSL Extended Data Types,BoundedSubtype,IntervalType,CollectionType,TupleType,ChoiceType,Specification example,Declaration example,37,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,UML (native) Observation Concept,An,time observation,is a reference to a time instant during an execution.,An,duration observation,is a reference to a time interval during an execution.,Specification example in Sequence diagrams,38,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Time Expressions with VSL,Specification example in Sequence diagrams,Duration Observation,39,Modelplex MARTE Tutorial January 2009,Summary of NFP Modeling Framework,Usability vs. Flexibility:,Three annotation mechanisms: Stereotypes, Properties and Constraints,Stereotypes:,predefined NFPs (e.g., end-to-end latency, processor utilization),Properties & Constraints,: user-specific NFPs (but still unambiguously interpreted),Synthesis of best modeling practices,Reuse OCL,constructs: grammar for values and expressions,Formally defined by abstract (metamodel) and concrete (grammar) syntaxes,Can be implemented as non-UML based language,VSL supports,time expressions,(occurrence index, jitters,.),