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,6/3/2016,Page,#,钱 杨,ACADEMIC WRITING,盛云岚,How to choose a topic for your research?,How to develop an assignment into a strong topic?,How to narrow a topic?,How to formulate a research question?,How to formulate a working title?,How to formulate an effective thesis statement?,primary research paper:,the study of a subject through firsthand investigation, involving presenting original ideas and information on your own. also called survey-or-experiment-based research,secondary research paper:,involves gathering and analyzing the research findings from other peoples research. you need to borrow and use evidence and findings available on the topic in the library or on the internet. also called library-or-internet-based research,Interesting,( it is intereting to you, your instructors, researchers in the same field.),Significant,(it indicates the value of your work),manageable,( It is under your control),Adequate,(You could find enough research literature available for your subject.,Course,Assignment,Topic,American History,analyze the effects of a social program on one segment of American society,How did the GI Bill of Rights affect American service-women?,Sociology,identify and evaluate the success of one resource available to the homeless population of one major American city,the role of the Salvation Army in meeting the needs of Chicagos homeless,Psychology,write a three-to-five-page paper assessing one method of treating depression,Animal-assisted therapy for severely depressed patients,Composition,Write an essay about a problem you have encountered since coming to college,overcoming my computer illiteracy,city development,sustainable development of cities,sustainable development of big cities,sustainable development of Chinese big cities,sustainable development of Chinese big cities from the biological perspective,Narrow down these topics for a 2500-word essay.,Global warming,my narrower subtopic: 1 ) . 2) . 3).,Cancer,Internet,Artificial Intelligence,Nanotechnology,Genetically Modified Foods,Topic:,a broad range or general field of interest,Question:,a particular part or aspect of a topic that is narrow enough to investigate and write about,Finding something to write about:asking,journalistic,questions,Topic:,Computer Literacy of College Freshmen,Journalistic questions:,1),Who,is familiar with computers and the Internet, and who is not?,2),What,is computer literacy? what are the effects of weak computer skills? what kinds of programs exist to help college students improve computer skills?,3),When,did computer become essential for college students?,4),Where,are students most likely to learn computer skills?,5),Why,is familiarity with the Internet so important in college? why are some students computer skills so much better than others?,6),How,can we help students who lag behind?,Deepening what you want to write about: asking,in-depth,questions,what causes the gap between those who are computer savvy and those who are not? differences in family income, parents education level, quality of public education, regional differences.,suggest development pattern of your essay:,cause and effect; comparison and contrast; exemplification;,what are the effects of the gap? Differences in achievement in college and performance on the job; differences in access to information; differences in earning power.,Topic :,Nuclear Waste Disposal,Questions:,1) what is nuclear waste?,2) what are the harmful effects if nuclear waste is not appropriately disposed of?,3) how are we supposed to dispose of nuclear waste safely and economically?,4) .,A typical title is composed of:,1) subject matter+,2) key words of the method+,3) key words of the content,Key words indicating methods:,compare, analyze, contrast, discuss, evaluate, study, assess,Key words indicating content:,causes, effects, advantages, benefits, effectiveness, besides words of subject matters.,Decide which of the following titles is(are) the mo,re,appropriate one(s),1. The Effects of Climate Change,2. What are the Economic Effects of Climate Change?,3. The Causes and Effects of Global Warming,4. The Melting Poles: the Greatest Danger from Global Warming,5. How to Combat Climate Change?,6. Some effects of Global Warming on China,7. A Study of Effects of Global Warming on Agriculture,8. Global Warming Effects on Mental Health,9. Ozone Depletion and Climate Change,10. Potential Impact of Climate Change on World Food Supply,T.S.,is,An assumption about the topic, an approach to it, an attitude toward it, a proposition to be examined.,the controlling idea that determines the design of your thesis.,a single sentence with the topic of the paper as the grammatical subject.,A successful working T.S.:,Interesting and engaging,Explicit,Argumentative,Specific,Limit and focus on a topic,A Working T.S.:,a topic part + a comment part,Eg:,The current American farm crisis can be traced to three major causes.,Thesis statement:,Although todays all-volunteer force has replaced the military draft, a draft may eventually be necessary.,topic,statement of fact,announcement,the military draft,the United States currently has no military draft,in this essay, I will reconsider our countrys need for a draft.,Examine,and,analyze,?,Evaluate,and,criticize,?,Compare and contrast,?,Establish relationships,?,Argue for /,a,gainst,?,Persuade,?,Task : Analyze the following T.S. to predict possible development patterns of the essays,1) The current American farm crisis can be traced to three major causes.,2) Although todays all-volunteer force has replaced the military draft, a draft may eventually be necessary.,Eg. The real problem in our school does not revolve around the absence of nation-wide goals and standards; the problem is primarily concerned with the absence of resources.,Revised: The real problem in our school,is not,the absence of nation-wide goals and standards; the problem,is,the absence of resources.,To choose a topic, you need to,consider the requirement of your,assignment,.,Identify,a research,interest,Narrow down,the topic,as much as possible,Review the literature,on the topic as completely as possible to determine whether the topic is,researchable,.,State the problem,in a,question,form.,Translate or turn your research question into,thesis statement,.,
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