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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,人体工程学,*,人体工程学,Unit 5,Unit 5,Travelling abroad,非限制性定语从句,Non-restrictive,Attributive Clause,Lets review,Restrictive Attributive Clause.,(,限制性定语从句,),Finish the following sentences.,1. He has two sons _ work in the same place.,2. He has two sons, _ work in the same place.,who,who,3. They gave up the plan _ they worked out yesterday.,4. They gave up the plan, _ was a very good one.,that / which,which,1.,限制性定语从句：,从句与主句关系密切,去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合逻辑。,e.g. I was the only person in our,office,who was invited,.,(,去掉定语从句,意思就不完整,),限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,2.,非限制性定语从句：,从句对先行词关系不密切,去掉定语从句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开,不能用,that,引导。,e.g. Toms father,who is over sixty, still,works hard day and night.,(who,引导非限制性定语从句,整个句,子可分成两句来翻译,),非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别,类型,项目,非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句,逗号,有逗号,无逗号,that,的应用,不能用,that,引导,可以用,that,引导,which,的指代特点,除指代先行词外，还可指代句子或句子的一部分,只指代先行词,类型,项目,非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句,关系代词的省略,作宾语时不能省略,作宾语时可以省略,与先行词的关系,起补充作用，去掉后对句意的完整性无影响,起限定修饰作用，去掉后句意不完整,Look at the following examples and tell the differences between the sentences.,Example 1,1. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.,2. Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing,quickly,.,当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用,_,修饰。,非限制性定语从句,Example 2,1. I have a sister,who / that works in a hospital.,我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。,2. I have a sister,who works in a hospital,.,我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。,不止一位姐姐,只有一位姐姐,1.,限制性定语从句与,_,关系密切,是先行词不可缺少的部分,如果去掉它,主句意思往往不明确。,2.,非限制性定语从句是对,_,的补充或说明,去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。,先行词,先行词,Example 3,This is the house,(which/ that),we bought last month,.,这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。,2. The house,which we bought last month, is very nice.,这房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。,1.,限制性定语从句可以由,_,、,_,来引导，关系代词作宾语时可以省略。,2.,非限制性定语从句既可修饰,_,又可修饰,_,不可用,that,引导且关系代词不可以省略。,关系代词,关系副词,先行词,整个主句,非限制性定语从句中,指物时,用,which,而不用,that,。,Football,which,is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.,All the books there,which,have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.,注意：,1,指人时主格用,who,宾格用,whom,物主格用,whose (,也可指物,),。,Miss Howe,whom,you met in the library, is our new teacher.,The Arabs,who,are famous for their horses and camels, use these animals for work and in sports.,Li Ming,whose,mother has been ill for two days, is absent from school today.,2,关系副词,when(,指时间,), where (,指地点,),也可以引导非限制性定语从句,注意关系副词,why,不能引导非限制性定语从句,应用,for which,引导。,He lives in the city,where,there is a high tower.,3,The Peoples Republic of China was,founded in 1949,when,he was born.,I have told them the reason,for,which,I didnt attend the meeting.,介词加关系代词也可以引导非限定性,定语从句。,Wu Dong,with,whom,I went to see the film, enjoyed it very much.,Her bag,in which,she put all her books, has not been found.,The story about the Long March,of which,this is an example, are well written.,4,在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面的名词或代词,而是前面的整个一句话。,e.g. The operation was not performed,which,may be the cause of her death.,手术没做,这可能是她死亡的原因。,5,关系代词,as,引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活,可置于主句前,也可置于主句后。常见结构有：,as is well known, as we know, as we can see, as we expect,。,e.g.,As,I expected, he didnt believe me.,正如我所预料的,他不相信我。,Yesterday Mr. Green quarreled with his wife,as,seldom happened.,昨天格林先生同妻子吵架了,他们是很,少吵架的。,6,考点一：关系代词,/,关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句,【,考例回顾,】,1. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, made all the others upset.,A. who B. which,C. what D. that,2. The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.,A. which B. whose,C. when D. where,3. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.,A. which B. where,C. who D. that,【,点拨,】,1.,答案为,B,。关系代词,which,引导非限制,性定语从句，在此指代前面整个句子,的内容。,2.,答案为,B,。,customers,与,shop,之间是所,属关系，因此用,whose,。,3.,答案为,B,。关系副词,where,在非限制性,定语从句中作地点状语。,考点二：“介词,+,关系代词”引导的非,限制性定语从句,【,考例回顾,】,1. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently.,A. who B. whom,C. which D. that,2. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which,C. of which D. to which,【,点拨,】,1.,答案为,C,。“介词,+,关系代词”引导非,限制性定语从句，,which,指代先行词,German, French and Russian,。,2.,答案为,C,。,the construction of,which,相当于,the construction of the,museum,，表示“博物馆的建造”。,【,考点解读,】,“,介词,+,关系代词”在引导非限制性定语从句时,介词前常可加一些修饰成分,构成,some / all / none / both / many / most / the rest / the first / the number of which / whom,结构。,e.g. The manager invited a lot of people,to the party,most of whom,were his,classmates.,考点三：,as,与,which,引导的非限制性定语从句的区别,【,考例回顾,】,1. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.,A. this B. that,C. what D. which,2. The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.,A. what B. that,C. how D. as,【,点拨,】,1.,答案为,D,。,which,引导非限制性定语,从句，指代前面整个句子的内容。,2.,答案为,D,。,as,引导非限制性定语从,句，意为“正如你们许多年龄足够大,的人记得的”。,1. Peter danced and sang all evening. People used to think Peter was quiet.,Peter, who people used to think was quiet, danced and sang all evening.,Revising useful structures,Join the two sentences. You need to add commas to most.,2. Sharon gave me a picture for my birthday. She had painted it especially for me.,For my birthday, Sharon gave me a picture (which) she had painted especially for me.,3. The operation was performed in a famous hospital. My grandfathers hearing improved.,The operation, which improved my grandfathers hearing, was performed in a famous hospital.,4. When I went on a tour round China, I saw many historical sites. It was very exciting.,I saw many historical sites when I went on a tour around China, which was very exciting.,5. The two traffic accidents happened on the same morning. Then there was a heavy fog.,The two traffic accidents happened on the same morning, when there was a heavy fog.,6. Tang Ling volunteered to help the welfare house. There she teaches the homeless children.,Tang Ling volunteered to help the welfare house, where she teaches the homeless children.,7. As far as Im concerned, Anne should not be going to America next year. Her daughter is in my class.,As far as Im concerned, Anne, whose daughter is in my class, should not be going to America next year.,8. He went on a bus tour with a group of people. Most of them had never traveled before.,He went on a bus tour with a group of people, most of whom had never travelled before.,1. This is one of the most interesting films _ shown last week.,This is the very one of the most interesting films _ shown last week.,A. which was B. that was,C. which were D. that were,D,B,2. He has two sons, _,_,are college students., He has two sons, and _,_,are college,students. A. both of which,B. both of whom,C. both of them D. both of it,B,C,3., He still lives in the room _,_,window faces to the east.,He still lives in the room, the window _,_,faces to the east.,He still lives in the room _,_,is in the north of the city.,He still lives in the room _,_,there is a beautiful table. A. which B. whose C. where D. of which,B,C,A,D,4. _ we all know, China is rich in,natural resources.,_ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources., _ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources.,A. Which B. As C. It D. That,B,B,C,5., Is this museum,_,_ he visited last month?, The teacher tells us that _ cleans the blackboard is to be praised.,A. that B. the one C. which D. the one who,B,D,1. Finish Ex1, Ex2, and Ex4 on Page 41.,2. Remember the usage of non-restrictive attributive clause.,Homework,
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