语法精讲强化系列7定语从句课件

,语法精讲强化系列,7. 定语从句,语法精讲强化系列,考点1,5组易混关系代词的用法辨析,1. 只用that不用which的情况,(1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。,*All that you need to do is focus on one thing.,考点15组易混关系代词的用法辨析,(2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。,*Australia is the,only,country,that,is also a continent.,(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。,*This is the,most interesting,film,that,Ive ever seen.,(2)先行词被the only, any, few, no,(4)先行词为人、物并用时。,*Do you know the,things and persons that,they are talking about?,(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。,*,Which,is the bike,that,you lost?,(6)先行词在主句中作表语, 而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。,*Shandong is no longer the province,that,it used to be.,(4)先行词为人、物并用时。,2. 只用which不用that的情况,(1)关系代词前有介词时。,*Is this the house,in which,Shakespeare was born?,(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。,*Before people retire, they usually plan to do a lot of great things,which,they never had time to do while working.,2. 只用which不用that的情况,(3)先行词为that/those时。,*Whats,that which,was put in the car?,(4)which用作定语时。,*He may be late, in,which,case we ought to wait for him.,(3)先行词为that/those时。,3. the same. . . as与the same. . . that,the same. . . as表示相似或同类的东西; the same. . . that表示同一人或物,This is,the same,book,as,he lent me last week.,这与他上星期借给我的那本书属于同一类。,This is,the same,book,that,he lent me last week.,这是他上星期借给我的那本书。,3. the same. . . as与the same.,4. such/so. . . as与such/so. . . that,such/so. . . as(定语从句)像那样; such/so. . . that(状语从句)如此以至于,This is,such,an easy question,as,I can answer.,This is,such,an easy question,that,I can answer it.,4. such/so. . . as与such/so. .,5. as与which,(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。,5. as与which,(2)as意为“正如”, 后面的谓语动词多用see, know, expect, say, mention, report等; which意为“这一点”或“这件事”等。,Need for Speed,is a very successful film,as,is known to all.,The sports meeting was put off,which,astonished us.,(2)as意为“正如”, 后面的谓语动词多用see, k,【典例剖析】,用适当的关系词填空,(2014安徽高考)The exact year,Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.,【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空,解题关键:,本题先行词为year, 考生首先会想到when。但当先行词为时间、地点名词时, 用关系副词还是关系代词取决于该词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。本题定语从句中的谓语动词spent为及物动词, 故从句中缺少宾语, 关系词代替先行词作其宾语。,答案判定:,which/that,解题关键: 本题先行词为year, 考生首先会想到when。,【高考题组】,用适当的关系词填空/改错,1. (2014全国卷)Maybe you,have a habit _,is driving your family crazy.,2. (2013全国卷)Having tea in the late afternoon,provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that,might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (改错),_,that/which,that改为which,【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空/改错that/whichth,3. (2015全国卷)The,citys “psychology cafes”, _,offer great comfort, are among the most popular places.,4. (2015全国卷)Trust is a learned behavior _,we gain from past experiences.,which,that/which,3. (2015全国卷)The citys “psyc,考点2,关系代词who, whom, whose,1. who和whom的用法,(1)先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时或表示人的名词时。,*The person I want to talk about with you is Tu Youyou, the one,who,won the Nobel Prize for medicine in 2015.,考点2关系代词who, whom, whose,(2)在There be结构中, 修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。,*Theres a gentleman,who,wants to see you.,(2)在There be结构中, 修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系,(3)一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句, 其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。,*The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor,who,is very modest and works very hard.,(3)一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句, 其中一个定语从句,(4)当关系代词前面有介词时, 只能用whom, whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词可放在后面, 也可提前构成介词+whom(先行词指人)结构。,*The settlement is home to nearly 1, 000 people,many of who,mleft their village homes for a better life in the city.,(4)当关系代词前面有介词时, 只能用whom, whom在,2. whose的用法,whose指人或物, 作定语, 表示“的”, 可转换为“of +关系代词”, 指人时可用of whom; 指物时可用of which。,*The prize will go to the writer,whose,story/of whom the story shows the most imagination.,2. whose的用法,【点津】,关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。,*Tom is the only one of the engineers who,has come up,with the solution.,【点津】关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和,【典例剖析】,用适当的关系词填空,(2015陕西高考)A salesman,is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment.,【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空,解题关键:,关系词代替先行词salesman在定语从句中作主语, 所以用关系词who引导定语从句, 表示“不能守时的销售者”。,答案判定:,who,解题关键: 关系词代替先行词salesman在定语从句中作主,【高考题组】,用适当的关系词填空,1. (2015全国卷)This year, 25, 310,students _,have accepted places in higher education institutions,have put off their entry until next year.,who,【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空who,2. (2015全国卷,)Students _ take a well-planned,year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and,complete, their chosen course.,3. (2014全国卷)Students _ enter the Curiosity,Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored.,4. (2013湖北高考)My deskmate is an eccentric boy,_ clothes never fit him.,who,who,whose,2. (2015全国卷)Students _ ta,考点3,关系副词when, where, why,1. when的用法,先行词为“时间名词”, 可用when引导定语从句, when在定语从句中作状语, 也可用“介词+which”结构代替。,*The days are gone,when,physical strength was all you needed to make a living.,考点3关系副词when, where, why,2. where的用法,(1)先行词是“地点名词”, 定语从句可用where引导, where在从句中作状语, 也可用“介词+which”结构代替。,*(2013天津高考)The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places,where,you can sit and work with your own computer.,2. where的用法,(2)如果定语从句修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词, 常用where引导, 意思是“到了某种地步, 在某种境况下”(前提是从句中缺少状语)。,*You reach a point,where,medicine cant help.,(2)如果定语从句修饰point, situation, p,3. why的用法,先行词是表示原因的名词reason时, 可以用why引导定语从句, why在定语从句中作原因状语, 可用for which替代。可以把此时的句子牢记为一个固定句型, 即The reason why. . . is/was that. . . , 意为“的原因是”。,*The reason,why/for which,he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.,3. why的用法,【点津】,(1)选择关系代词或关系副词的原则: 在选择关系词时, 最重要的是分析定语从句中所缺的成分。若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语, 必须用关系代词; 若从句中不缺主语、宾语、定语或表语, 必须用关系副词。,【点津】,*This is the mountain village,that/which,I visited last year. (关系词在从句中作宾语),*I will never forget the day,when,my father returned from America. (关系词在从句中作状语),*This is the mountain village,(2)当way表示方法、方式作先行词, 且后面的定语从句缺方式状语时可以用that或in which引导, 也可以省略关系词。如果后面定语从句中缺少宾语, 要用that或which引导, 也可以省略关系词。,*I dont like the way,that/in which/不填,he speaks to his mother.,(2)当way表示方法、方式作先行词, 且后面的定语从句缺方,【典例剖析】,用适当的关系词填空,(2015广东高考)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market_ people from the towns met regularly.,【典例剖析】用适当的关系词填空,解题关键:,where people from the towns met regularly是定语从句, 修饰先行词market, where在定语从句中作状语。,答案判定:,where,解题关键: where people from the to,【高考题组】,用适当的关系词填空,1. (2015湖北高考),The reason _ the ponies here,are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area.,2. (2014全国卷)The hardwood forests _,passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by,Americans need for wood.,why,where,【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空whywhere,3. (2013山东高考,)While waiting for a bus to the office,_ he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an,elderly man.,4. (2013辽宁高考)At the age _ she gained some,basic skills and sensibility(识别力), she begged her,mother for a bike ride.,where,when,3. (2013山东高考)While waiting fo,考点4,介词+关系代词的6个考查点,1. 考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配,*Wind power is an ancient source of energy,to which,we may return in the near future.,考点4介词+关系代词的6个考查点,2. 考查定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯,*He referred me to some reference books,with,which I,am,not very,familiar,.,3. 考查根据句意或者先行词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词,*I am looking for my glasses,without which,I cant watch TV clearly.,2. 考查定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯,4. 考查表示所属关系的of which/whom,*She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction of which/whose construction,had taken more than three years.,注意: the+,n,. +of which(whom)可与whose+,n,. 互换。,4. 考查表示所属关系的of which/whom,5. 考查表示整体与部分关系的of which/whom,*The buses,most of which,were already full, were surrounded by the angry crowd.,6. 考查表示同位关系的of which/whom,*She brought with her three friends,none of whom,I had ever met before.,5. 考查表示整体与部分关系的of which/whom,【点津】,选择介词的3个原则: 根据句子意思表达的需要; 根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯; 根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。,【点津】选择介词的3个原则: 根据句子意思表达的需要;,【辨析】,定语从句与几种句式和从句的区别,与并列句的区别,如果两个句子之间是分号, 或有and, but, so等连接词, 则这两个句子为并列句; 如果两个句子之间是逗号, 且没有上述的连接词, 则这两个句子之间就是主从关系, 须有一个引导词引导定语从句,与强调句型的区别,判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结构“It is/was. . . that/who. . . ”去掉后, 主句的意思和结构是完整的,【辨析】定语从句与几种句式和从句的区别与并列句的区别如果两个,与状语从句的区别,状语从句通常没有先行词, 整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等状语, 而定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定作用的,与状语从句的区别状语从句通常没有先行词, 整个从句在复合句中,与同位语从句的区别,定语从句对先行词起修饰、限定作用; 而同位语从句对先行词起解释、说明作用; 引导词that在从句中的作用不同: 在定语从句中, that既起连接作用, 又在定语从句中充当句子成分, 如主语、宾语等; 而在同位语从句中, that只起连接作用, 不充当句子成分,(1)The news (that) they told me made me excited. (定语从句),(2)The news that our team won the match made me excited. (同位语从句),与同位语从句的区别定语从句对先行词起修饰、限定作用; 而同,【典例剖析】,完成句子,(2015重庆高考)He wrote many childrens books, nearly_ _ _ _ _ in the 1990s.,他写了很多儿童书籍, 差不多一半发表于20世纪90年代。,【典例剖析】完成句子,解题关键:,由逗号可知前后句关系, 后句为非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词books。根据汉语“一半”“发表”可填出答案, 注意关系代词的选取及定语从句中的语态。,答案判定:,half of which were published,解题关键: 由逗号可知前后句关系, 后句为非限制性定语从句,【高考题组】,用适当的关系词填空,1. (2014全国卷)September,30 is the day by _,you must pay your bill.,2. (2013浙江高考)The children, all of _ had,played the whole day long, were worn out.,which,whom,【高考题组】用适当的关系词填空whichwhom,3. (2013辽宁高考)He may win the competition, in,_ case he is likely to get into the national team.,4. (2012四川高考)In our class there are 46 students,of _ half wear glasses.,which,whom,3. (2013辽宁高考)He may win the c,语法精讲强化系列7定语从句课件,