高考英语语法填空题解题策略解析课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考英语语法填空题,解题策略,高考英语语法填空题解题策略,1,、语法填空主要考查哪方面的内容,?,2,、语法填空命题特点是什么,?,语法和词汇（考试重点,）,上下文连贯性（语境）,10,1.5,15,10,150,15,1,？,共,10,个小题,每题,1.5,分,满分,15,分,须在,10,分钟内完成,短文长度,150,词左右,设空间距,15,词左右,每格不一定,1,个词,（,特别是谓语或非谓语动词形式,）,侧重语境加语法,语 法 占 关 键,1、语法填空主要考查哪方面的内容?2、语法填空命题特点是什么,语法填空考哪些语法项目？,1,、名词,；,2,、代词,；,3,、数词,；,4,、介词和介词短语,；,5,、连词,；,6,、形容词,；,7,、副词；,8,、冠词,；,9,、动词,；,10,、时态,；,11,、被动语态,；,12,、非谓语动词,；,13,、构词法,；,14,、句子种类,；,15,、句子成分,；,16,、简单句基本句型,；,17,、主谓一致,；,18,、并列复合句；,19,、主从复合句,；,20,、间接引语,；,21,、省略；,22,、倒装,；,23,、强调,；,24,、虚拟语气,。,语法填空考哪些语法项目？1、名词；13、构词法；,1,、阅读,/,理解,语篇,的能力,;,2,、分析句子结构的能力,;,3,、熟练运用语法的能力。,语法填空题,能力要求,语法填空题能力要求,重在基础语法和句子结构分析：,从语法角度去考虑，填的是,语法词,，包括,功能词,和,词形变换,两个方面。不限定一个词。,句子方面，要学会正确分析句子的结构，如,主谓宾,等；还要会区分,主从句,的层次。,特别是,动词,的成分，是否谓语动词。,语法填空题,解题方向,重在基础语法和句子结构分析：语法填空题解,1.,章法,4.,惯用法,2.,句法,3.,词法,语 法,语法填空题型的解题思路,1. 章法 4. 惯用法2. 句法3. 词法语 法语,语法填空解题技巧,（,“由大到小”,）,1,、,通读全文、了解大意、把握特征、弄清文脉。,2,、,巧用已知，连线画图、降低难度、铺平道路。,3,、,理解句意、分析结构、大胆猜测、各个击破,。,4,、,重读全篇、仔细核查、语法正确、语意贯通。,5,、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确（注意三写）。,语法填空解题技巧（“由大到小” ）1、通读全文、了解大意、把,根据语法知识进行填充,根据逻辑关系进行填充,根据语篇标志进行填充,语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落、篇章等）。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这些词为“,语篇标志词,”。如表示结构层次的有,first, second, third, finally,等；表示逻辑关系的有,thus,，,therefore,，,so,等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有,however, but, by the way,等。“语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。,根据语法知识进行填充,4.,根据固定词组进行填充,熟练掌握一些常见的词组，如,as a matter of, be proud of, by the way, come from, congratulateon, devoteto, earn ones living, keep ones word, make up ones mind,等，对解题很有帮助。,5.,根据句型搭配进行填,就是根据一些常用的句型搭配，如,so/suchthat, it is(for sb.) to do sth., There is no doubt that, there is no sense in doing sth.,等来解题。,4.根据固定词组进行填充,6.,根据词汇知识进行填充,指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题。如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接动词的,-ing,形式作宾语的动词，只能接,to do,作宾语的动词，接,to do,作补语的动词，接,do,作补语的动词，接,doing,或,done,作补语的动词，对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语，等等。,7.,根据生活常识进行填充,6. 根据词汇知识进行填充,实践与提高,Practice makes perfect!,实践与提高Practice makes perfect!,Will _1_ matter if you dont take your breakfast? Recently a test _2_,(give) in the United Sates. Those tests included people of different _3_ from 12 to 83. During the experiment, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes they got _4_ breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see _5_ well their bodies worked and when they had eaten_6_certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she will work with better effect _7_ if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be _8_ (especial) true if a person works _9_ his brains. For example, if a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with_10_ (much) attention in class.,it,were given,ages,no,how,a,than,especially,with,more,Will _1_ matter if you don,备考策略,1,不断记忆，积累词汇。,语法填空题对单词提出了比以前更高的要求，它不但要求考生认识单词，还要求能写出一些要求的单词。这就要求考生平时,不断地记忆单词，不断地积累词汇,，千方百计地把我们的词汇量提高上去。考试时才能随心所欲的写出单词，填出固定搭配。,备考策略1不断记忆，积累词汇。,2,夯实基础，学好语法,。,英语的基础知识琐碎繁杂，不是一朝一夕就能掌握的，它要求我们平时多听，多读，多记，夯实自己的基础知识；我们还要坚定不移地加强语法的学习，尤其是长句、难句、复杂句的分析。只有这样，才能为综合能力的提高打下坚实的基础。,2夯实基础，学好语法。,3,大声朗读，培养语感。,语感是一种对语言、语段或词句的感受能力，是一种看不见摸不着的东西，但在做完形填空题时又是必不可少的东西。娴熟的语感的形成不是一蹴而就的，要在平时的学习过程中多听，多读，尤其是大声朗读犹为重要。在早读或晚读时间，抛开顾忌，放开喉咙，大声朗读，对培养语感是非常重要的。如果通过朗读能够多背诵一些课文是再好不过的了。语感在你的朗读和背诵课文的过程中，不知不觉地逐步形成了。,3大声朗读，培养语感。,4,坚持不懈，多做练习。,语法填空是一种新题型，考生在前几年都不曾练过的。但是高考中又占了总分的十分之一，非常重要。因此要求考生在考前一段时间要大量练习这种题型，不断练习，不断总结，不断提高，高考时才能处变不惊，轻松应对。,4坚持不懈，多做练习。,练习与思考,练习与思考,解答语法填空的八条思路,根据,语法知识,进行填空,根据,逻辑关系,进行填空,根据,语篇标志,进行填空,根据,固定词组,进行填空,根据,句型搭配,进行填空,根据,词汇知识,进行填空,根据,生活常识,进行填空,根据,文化背景,进行填空,解答语法填空的八条思路根据语法知识进行填空,A proverb says, “Time is money”. But in my opinion, time is even,1,_ precious than money. Why?,2,_ when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is,3,_ , it will never return.,4,_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make,5,_ use of our time to study hard so as to serve our country in,6,_ future.,But it is a pity that there are a lot of people,7,_ do not realize the value of time. They,8,_ their precious time smoking, drinking and playing.,In a word, we should form the good habit of,9,_ (save) time. Do not put off what can be done today,10,_ tomorrow.,more,Because,gone,It,good / full,the,who,spend / waste,saving,till / until,1.,由,than,可知,precious,要用比较级，多音节形容词的比较级前加,more,，故此题答案为,more,2.,因前句用,Why,提问，应当用,because,来回答，故此题答案是,because,3.,由表示转折,however,的可知，是指当时间失去的时候，表示“失去”是,gone,。,4.,填,it,，形式主语，真正主语是后面由,that,引导的主语从句,5.,有表示结果的,Therefore,可知，应充分利用时间，故用形容词,full,或,good,来修饰名词。,6.,表示“在将来”，固定短语,in the future,7.,因,there are,是个句子，,do not ,应是一个定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词是人，应填入,who.,8.,由,time smoking,可想到是,spend,/waste time (in) doing,句型，这是由,spend,/waste,的用法所决定的；这里是一般现在时，主语是复数，填,spend,/waste,9.,因,of,是介词，介词后的动词通常用,-ing,形式，故填,saving,10.,结合生活常识，不难理解句意为“不要把今天能做的事情推迟到明天做”，答案自然是表示“直到”的,until/till.,A proverb says, “Time,语法填空题的解题技巧,一、无提示型的解题技巧,介词，代词，冠词，,助动词,/,情态动词，疑问副词,并列句，复合句,语法填空题的解题技巧一、无提示型的解题技巧,规律,1,空格,+,谓语动词,1. I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _ gets there almost in a second.,2. Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination.,3. Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes _walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed,4. She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.,代词或名词,(,多考代词,),it,it,he,it,规律1 空格+谓语动词1. I can send a me,5. It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song,Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _,rice crop grow up quickly.,6. In the beginning, there was only,_,very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little,always thinking that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”,7. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had,_,amazing conversation.,his,a,an,5. It is said that a short-tem,8. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _ top floor.,9. But she quickly realized that it wasnt her, it was probably the fact that she sat in_ last row.,10. the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.,规律,2,空格,+,名词,限定词,the,the,a,8. She apologized for the mist,11 who should have the honour of receiving me _ a guest in their house.,12. When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next _ the window,13. my credit card had already been charged _ the reservation.,14. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect_ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”,15. The new boy looked at the teacher_ a few seconds and all the other students wondered,规律,3,空格,+,名词,/,代词,介词,as,to,for,for,for,11 who should have the honou,16. two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso _ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.,17. all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me _ almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about.,18. I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days _ I was to return to Guangzhou.,19. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very happy,20. Maybe you leave a habit _ is driving your family crazy.,and,and,before,but,that,16. two world-famous artists,21. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach _ we watched some people play volleyball.,22. Nicks guests, _ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could.,23. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary,_ made her feel like a star.,24. Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk,25. One day, he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.,规律,4,词和词之间没连词，句和句之间没连词（注意标点）,连词,where,who,which,whom,that,21. The next day, my brother a,26. What is acceptable in one country_ be considered extremely rude in another.,27. He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary.,规律,5,结构完整，给原形，,上下文其他时态不一致,情态动词或助动词,may,did,26. What is acceptable in one,28. and _ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldntt eat MSG (,味精,)!,29. _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.,30. as_ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists,31. Dating sites also make_ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.,32. This made the goat so jealous _ it began plotting against (,谋划对付,) the donkey.,33. Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares_ how much he pays.,it,Only,it,it,that,than,28. and _ was only afte,规律,6,特殊句式,(1),由,it isthat,强调结构形式，判断填,it,还是,that,。,如：,(2),由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的,only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had,等，还是填,do, does, did,等。,如：,(3),由,it,作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填,it,。,如：,(4)so /suchthat,句型。,如：,(5)morethan (,与其说,不如说,，比,更,),句型。,如：,规律6 特殊句式(1)由it is,有提示词的,解题技巧,分析句子结构,上下文语境,谓语动词（时态和语态）,非谓语动词,名词，形容词，副词，,形容词或副词的比较级或最高级,有提示词, 有提示词的解题技巧分析句子结构谓语动词（时态和语态）有,（一）动词类,1. A boy on a bike _ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.,2. We _,（,tell,）,that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week,3. Suddenly, he_ (find) that he had run out of salt.,4. In Logan, three people _ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.,规律,1,句中没有别的谓语动词,所给动词就是谓语动词,则考虑时态语态,（一）动词类 1. A boy on a bike _,5. That was definitely not an attractimve idea so I politely declined her invitation, _(close) my book and walked away.,closed,虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系,所给动词就是谓语动词,则考虑时态语态,5. That was definitely not an,规律,2,：,若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用,doing,形式，,done,形式，还是,to do,形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑,它与其逻辑主语之间,的关系。,先来看看历年高考语法填空题非谓语动词都考了什么？,规律2 ：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是,1. but he refused _ (stop) until we reached the next stop.,2. Still, the boy kept _ (ride).,高考英语语法填空题解题策略解析课件,3. We got a little _,（,sunburn,），,but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.,4. Mary felt_ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.,5. some of them looked very anxious and _ (disappoint) .,3. We got a little _（su,6. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man _ (sit) at the front.,7. While she was getting me _ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car,6. I got on the bus and found,8. She wished that he was as easy _ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.,9. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop _ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.,8. She wished that he was as e,10. He spit it out, _ (say) it was awful.,11. In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always _ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”,10. He spit it out, _,历年高考语法填空题考过的非谓语动词结构,1,动词,+,不定式,2,动词,+,动名词,3,系动词,+,非谓语动词,4,动词,+,宾语,+,不定式,/,现在分词,/+,过去分词,5 Be +,形容词,+ to do,6,不定式做目的状语,7,现在分词做伴随状语,历年高考语法填空题考过的非谓语动词结构,非谓语动词类试题的几个,其他注意点,非谓语动词类试题的几个,1. but it is not enough only _(memorize) rules from a grammar book.,to memorize,2. _(speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary,Speaking,注意,：,作主语或宾语时，通常用,doing / being done,形式表示习惯或一般情况； 用,to do / to be done,形式表示具体情况或将来；用,having done / having been done,表示已发生。,1. but it is not enough onl,3. _(complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.,To complete,5. Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _(succeed.),to succeed,1.,目的状语,(tooto,enough to, only to do),2. be+,形容词,+to do,4.,The young student did all that he could _ (pass) the examinations.,to pass,Thecakeiseasytomake.,3. _(complete) th,6. He saw the stone, _ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.”,saying,分词作状语，查逻辑主语，确定形式。,7. The headmaster went into the lab, _(follow) by the foreign guests.,followed,6. He saw the stone, _ (s,8. There will be a meeting, _(start) later this year to review the film.,learned,分词后置定语，查与被修饰词，确定形式。,starting,9. .Lessons_(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.,8. There will be a meeting, _,10. Antonio Gaudio, a Spanish architect, was,the first _,(understand) that.,the first/second/last/next/only.,(+,名词,/,代词,)+to do sth.,to understand,10. Antonio Gaudio, a Spani,其他词类的解题规律,熟悉各种词性充当何种句子成分是基础,判断出该词在句子所作何种句子成分是关键,熟悉各种词形变化是保障,其他词类的解题规律熟悉各种词性充当何种句子成分是基础,1. The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.,2. That would be a very _ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.,3. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _,(nature) course.,4. Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject,规律,1,：作表语、定语或补语，,通常用形容词形式。,答案：,silent,，,reasonable,，,natural,，,interested,1. The youngster immediately f,规律,2,：作主语或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词,5. When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.,6. These people have made great _(contribute) to China with their work.,7. instructors expect students to be familiar with _(inform) in the reading,achievements,contributions,information,规律2：作主语或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词 5. Wh,规律,3,限定词,+,空格,+of +,名词空格用名词,8. But Jane knew from past experience that her _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.,9. With the large numbers of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.,choice,，,operation,规律3 限定词+空格+of +名词空格用名词8. But,规律,4,：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词,10. the crowd of strangers _ (sudden) became friendly to one another.,11. She was _,（,surprise,）,helpful.,12. But such a small thing couldnt _ (possible) destroy a village.,13. Singles are flocking(,涌向,) to the Internet _ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time,suddenly, surprisedly,possibly, mainly,规律4：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词,规律,5,有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变,13. People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use).,14. Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office.,useless, unnecessary,规律5 有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变 13. P,规律,6,：并非所有所给动词都考时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能词类转换,16. there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _ (attract),重现,8. But Jane knew from past experience that her _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.,9. With the large numbers of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.,attraction, choice, operation,规律6：并非所有所给动词都考时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能词类,17. It might have made it a little _ (hard) for everybody.,18. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _ (sweet).”,19. The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even _ (hard) and finally made himself out.,规律,7,给出形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较和最高等级,harder, sweeter, harder,17. It might have made it a li,对教师的建议,1.,降低语法复习难度，侧重基础和熟练掌握，根据题型要求，进行语法专项训练,2.,降低词汇教学要求，让学生准确把握词性,3.,语法、词汇练习设计要语境化、语篇化,4.,充分利用课本教材，改写成,Summary,让学生进行语法填空,5.,巧用以往高考单项填空题，设计语法填空练习,6.,巧用完形填空题，让学生先试填，再给选项,7.,重视阅读理解中的长难句结构分析和理解,对教师的建议1.降低语法复习难度，侧重基础和熟练掌握，根据题,对同学们的建议,1.,通读考纲词汇，掌握高频词的拼写，词性，词形变化形式，以及常用词汇的的用法。（不深挖）,2.,进行句子结构的系统训练，背诵各种特殊句式,3.,检查自己语法的掌握情况，不要钻难，钻偏，更不要钻怪,4.,语感很重要：多听、多说、多读、多写,对同学们的建议1.通读考纲词汇，掌握高频词的拼写，词性，词形,Thanks a lot!,Thanks a lot!,