职业卫生工程技术课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,第二节 职业卫生工程技术,Engineering technology for occupational health,1,第二节 职业卫生工程技术Engineering tech,Engineering technology for occupational health 职业卫生工程技术,一、industrial ventilation 工业通风,2,二、industrial dedusting 工业除尘,三、control for industrial noise and,vibration 工业噪声与振动控制,Engineering technology for,一、Industrial Ventilation 工业通风,（一）,overview,概述,3,（二）classification 分类,一、Industrial Ventilation 工业通风,ventilation of industrial workplaces,工业工作场所通风,4,contents 通风包括,ventilation 通风,dedusting 除尘,elimination of toxicant 排毒,heatstroke prevention and cooling 防暑降温,ventilation of industrial work,ventilation of industrial workplaces,工业工作场所通风,5,purpose 通风目的,to prevent the air contamination 防止空气被污染,in workshorp 室内,out workshorp 室外,dust 粉尘,hazards 有毒有害物质,ventilation of industrial work,ventilation of industrial workplaces,工业工作场所通风,6,mannner 通风手段,to caputure 捕获和收集（防止扩散）,to prevent contaminat 净化（防止污染）,dust 粉尘,hazards 有毒有害物质,ventilation of industrial work,一、工业通风,（一）,overview,概述,7,（二）classfication 分类,by,working dynamic,按照工作动力,by aeratiom principle 按照换气原则,一、工业通风（一）overview 概述7（二）class,1.calassfication by working dynamic：,按工作动力分类,8,natural ventilation,自然通风,mechanical ventilation 机械通风,1.calassfication by working dy,natural ventilation,自然通风,mechanism 原理,9,a kind of manner for ventilation by,air flow,使,空气流动,所形成的一种通风方式,wind pressure,from out workshorp 风压 室外风力,hot pressure,from air temperature between indoor and out door 热压 室内外空气的温差,natural ventilation 自然通风mechan,职业卫生工程技术课件,职业卫生工程技术课件,职业卫生工程技术课件,职业卫生工程技术课件,natural ventilation,自然通风,condition,应用场景,14,lower concentration for dusts or toxicants 粉尘毒物低浓度,higher temperature or humidity 气温、湿度较高,economy 经济,valid 有效,natural ventilation 自然通风condit,natural ventilation,自然通风,field,应用领域,15,smelting 冶炼,rolling 轧钢,casting 铸造,forging and stamping 锻压,machinery 机械制造,heat treatment 热处理,natural ventilation 自然通风field,natural ventilation,自然通风,disable,不适用的场景,16,air filtration or handling by technology 工艺要求空气过滤,fog from blast 进风引起雾,natural ventilation 自然通风disabl,natural ventilation,自然通风,limitation,缺陷,17,wentilation effectiveness disabled due to changed wind pressure 由于自然界风压变化通风效果难以保证,natural ventilation 自然通风limita,1.calassfication by working dynamic：,按工作动力分类,18,natural ventilation,自然通风,mechanical ventilation 机械通风,1.calassfication by working dy,mechanical,ventilation,机械通风,mechanism 原理,19,wind pressure come from machine 压力来源于通风机,mechanical ventilation 机械通风mec,mechanical ventilation,机械通风,condition,应用场景,20,higher concentration for dusts or toxicants 粉尘毒物高浓度,collection 收集,decontamination 净化,special requirement by technology 生产工艺特殊要求,mechanical ventilation 机械通风con,一、工业通风,（一）,overview,概述,21,（二）classfication 分类,by,working dynamic,按照工作动力,by aeratiom principle 按照换气原则,一、工业通风（一）overview 概述21（二）clas,2.calassfication by,aeratiom principle,：,按换气原则分类,22,general ventilation,全面通风,local ventilation 局部通风,mixed ventilation,混合通风,2.calassfication by aeratiom p,general ventilation,全面,通风,definition,含义,23,genaral ventilation for wolhe workplace工作场所全面通风换气,fresh air replace of sordid air 新鲜空气代替污浊空气,air is to fit hygienic guideline 空气质量符合卫生国内标准,全面通风是指在一个工作场所内全面地进行通风换气，用新鲜空气稀释或全部替换工作场所内污浊空气，以使整个工作场所内的空气环境符合卫生标准。,general ventilation 全面通风defini,general ventilation,全面,通风,condition,适用于,24,for the dusts or toxicants 有害物质,dispersion distribution 分布分散无法控制,instable 产生有害物质位置不固定,general ventilation 全面通风condit,职业卫生工程技术课件,local ventilation,局部,通风,definition,含义,26,for satisfactory ventilation in local workplace 为建立良好局部空气环境,for collecting dusts or toxicants before diffusion 有害物质产生后在扩散前被收集,局部通风是指在作业环境某些局部地区建立良好空气环境或在有害因素扩散前将其从发生源排出以防其沿整个工作场所扩散的通风系统。,是一种经典的控制方法。,local ventilation 局部通风definiti,local ventilation,局部,通风,condition,适用于,27,for higher concentration of dusts or toxicants 有害物质,sepecial requirment in technology 特殊工艺要求,local ventilation 局部通风conditio,（1）局部送风（local dilution ventilation）,（1）局部送风（local dilution ventila,（2）局部排风（local exhaust ventilation）,（2）局部排风（local exhaust ventilat,（3）局部排风净化系统,a 排气罩,b 通风管道,c 净化设备,d 通风机,e 烟囱,（3）局部排风净化系统a 排气罩b 通风管道c 净化设备d,2.calassfication by,aeratiom principle,：,按换气原则分类,31,general ventilation,全面通风,local ventilation 局部通风,mixed ventilation,混合通风,2.calassfication by aeratiom p,mixed ventilation,混合,通风,32,local ventilation + genaral ventilation,局部通风 + 全面通风,局部通风和全面通风同时使用是成为混合通风,mixed ventilation 混合通风32local,一、工业通风,（一）,overview,概述,33,（二）classfication 分类,by,working dynamic,按照工作动力,by aeratiom principle 按照换气原则,一、工业通风（一）overview 概述33（二）clas,ventilation classfication,通风分类,34,natural wentilation,自然通风,mechanical ventilation,机械通风,general wentilation,全面通风,local ventilation,局部通风,ventilation classfication 通风分类,职业卫生工程技术课件,engineering technology for occupatial health 职业卫生工程技术,一、industrial ventilation 工业通风,36,二、industrial dedusting 工业除尘,三、control for industrial noise and,vibration 工业噪声与振动控制,engineering technology for,二、industrial dedusting 工业除尘,（一）,overview,概述,37,（二）,classification for dedusting,technology,除尘技术分类,二、industrial dedusting 工业除尘（一,dedusting 除尘,definition of dedusting “除尘”的含义,38,to introduce the dust gas into dust remover using one or several force, and to make particles to produce certain displacement relative to its carrying airflow,in order to separate them from the air and to collect them at the trap surface in fine.,是将含尘气体引入具有一种或几种力作用的除尘器，使颗粒相对予其运载气流产生一定的位移，并从气流中分离出来，最终沉积到捕集体表面。,dedusting 除尘definition of dedu,dedusting 除尘,the purpose for dedusting 除尘目的,environmental protection, prevent and control pollution outside the workshop environment,环境保护，防治污染车间外环境,39,dedusting 除尘the purpose for de,dedusting 除尘,the fields for dedusting 除尘适用于作业,the capture and remove for the particles,颗粒物捕集与去除,40,smoke in coal-fired boiler 燃煤锅炉烟气,tail gas in cement kiln 水泥窑炉尾气,smoke in iron and steel smelting 钢铁冶炼烟尘,Loading and unloading and grinding process装卸与粉碎工艺,dedusting 除尘the fields for ded,classification of dedusting technology,除尘技术分类,classification of dedusting technology,除尘技术分类,41,classification by,dust remover,根据除尘器分类,classification of dedusting te,classification for dedusting technology,除尘技术分类,calassification for dust,remover 除尘器分类,42,1. the gravity dust remover 重力除尘器,2. the inertia dust remover 惯性除尘器,3. the centrifugal force dust removal 离心力除尘器,4. the wet dust remover 湿式除尘器,5. electrostatic dust remover 静电除尘器,6. filter dust removal 过滤,除尘器,classification for dedusting t,1. the gravity dust remover 重力除尘器,to separate particles from air by gravity,43,gravity settling chamber,重力沉降室,diameter 50,m,直径50,m,1. the gravity dust remover,1. the gravity dust remover 重力除尘器,to separate particles from air by gravity,44,gravity settling chamber,重力沉降室,diameter 50,m,直径50,m,1. the gravity dust remover,2. the inertia dust remover 惯性除尘器,to separate particles from air by inertia,45,inertia settling chamber,惯性沉降室,diameter 20,m,直径20,m,它是在气流中设置各种形式的挡板，利用尘粒的惯性作用使其和挡板发生碰撞而被分离。惯性除尘器主要用于净化密度和粒径较大的金属或矿物性粉尘，具有较高除尘率，一般用于多级除尘中的第一级除尘,2. the inertia dust remover,3. the centrifugal force dust removal 离心力除尘器,to separate particles from air by,centrifugal force,46,cyclone dust collector,旋风除尘器,diameter between 10-20,m,直径10-20,m,3. the centrifugal force dust,职业卫生工程技术课件,4. the wet dust remover 湿式除尘器,to separate particles from air by,water,48,spray tower,喷淋塔,cyclonic water film deduster,旋风水膜除尘器,hazard for explosion,爆炸危险性粉尘,4. the wet dust remover 湿式除尘器,5. electrostatic dust remover 静电除尘器,to separate particles from air by,static electricity,49,electrostatic precipitators,电除尘器,5. electrostatic dust remover,6. filter dust removal 过滤除尘器,to separate particles from air by,filter material,50,sack-duster,袋式除尘器,fine particle 细颗粒,higher efficient 高效,dust at,1m,，,99,6. filter dust removal 过滤除尘器t,职业卫生工程技术课件,职业卫生工程技术课件,classification for dedusting technology,合理选用除尘器,53,the gravity dust remover 重力除尘器,the inertia dust remover 惯性除尘器,the centrifugal force dust removal 离心力除尘器,the wet dust remover 湿式除尘器,pretreatment,预处理,electrostatic dust remover 静电除尘器,filter dust removal 过滤,除尘器,special,特殊烟气,widely used,主流除尘器,classification for dedusting t,职业卫生工程技术课件,职业卫生工程技术课件,职业卫生工程技术课件,职业卫生工程技术课件,职业卫生工程技术课件,职业卫生工程技术课件,Engineering technology for occupatial health 职业卫生工程技术,一、industrial ventilation 工业通风,60,二、industrial dedusting 工业除尘,三、control for industrial noise and,vibration 工业噪声与振动控制,Engineering technology for,三、control for industrial noise and vibration 工业噪声与振动控制,（,一）noise control 噪声控制,（二）vibration control 振动控制,61,三、control for industrial noise,noise control 噪声控制,Noise source,噪声源,Route of transmission,传播途径,The receiver,接收者,62,Source control,声源控制,Route of transmission,传播途径控制,receiver protecttion,保护接收者,noise control 噪声控制Noise sour,noise control 噪声控制,Source control 声源控制,63,1.,Reduce the radiation sound power of the sound source,降低声源的辐射声功率,improve the equipment structure 改进设备结构,improve the quality of machining and assembly提高加工和装配质量,noise control 噪声控制Source con,noise control 噪声控制,Source control 声源控制,64,1.,Reduce the radiation sound power of the sound source,降低声源的辐射声功率,2. Control the sound source of the sound radiation,控制声源的声辐射,sound absorption 吸声,sound insulation 隔声,vibration reduction 减振,noise control 噪声控制Source con,noise control 噪声控制,Route of transmission 传播途径控制,65,1.,Sound insulation,隔声,2. Sound absorption 吸声,Increase in the propagation of sound attenuation, reduce transport energy 增加声在传播过程中的衰减，减少传输能量,noise control 噪声控制Route of t,noise control 噪声控制,receiver protecttion 保护接收者,66,1. Wear ear protectors 佩带护耳器（如耳罩或耳塞）,2. operate in isolation booth,隔声间操作,sound absorption 吸声,sound insulation 隔声,vibration reduction 减振,noise control 噪声控制receiver p,67,选择护听器,/,护耳器 标称,SNR:,单值降噪值,29dB,38dB,35dB,29dB,33dB,32dB,28dB,31dB,34dB,27dB,27dB,67选择护听器/护耳器 标称SNR: 单值降噪值29dB3,68,泡棉耳塞佩戴方法,68泡棉耳塞佩戴方法,69,1,2,3,泡棉耳塞佩戴方法,69123泡棉耳塞佩戴方法,70,佩戴时间的重要性,dB,有效防护,12,3,30,小时,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,佩戴时间,戴一会儿总比不戴强是错误的,70佩戴时间的重要性dB有效防护12330小时1,