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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Unit 1 Friendship,基础知识自测,一、单词拼写 根据读音词性和词义写出单词。,1. _ 5: n.十几岁的青少年,2 _ n. 点；分数,3. _ 5 v. 使不安；使心烦,4. _ 5: v. 不理睬；无视,5. _ : v. 使平静；使镇静,6. _ 5: v. 涉及；关心,7. _ : v. 欺骗；作弊,8. _ v. 分享；分担,9. _ 5 adj. 疯狂的；狂热的,teenager,point,upset,ignore,calm,concern,cheat,share,crazy,10. _ ,5,:,n.,目的；意图,11. _ ,5,adv.,完全地；整个地,12. _ ,v.,信任；信赖,13. _ ,5,v.,遭受；经历,14. _ ,5,n.,调查表；问卷,15. _ ,5v,n.,忠告；建议,16. _ ,E5,:,v.,交际；沟通,17. _ ,5,n.,习惯；习性,18. _ ,5,:,n.,理由；原因,19. _ ,5,n.,自然；自然界,20. _ ,5,n.,情形；境遇,entirely,trust,suffer,questionnaire,advice,communicate,habit,reason,nature,situation,purpose,二、单词运用,根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词，或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。,1. What is the _ for your absence of yesterdays meeting?,2. It is a little difficult to _ someone down when he or she is excited.,3. A_ to Anne, a true friend is a person whom you can tell everything to.,4. My English teacher is very friendly to us. She often gives us some a_ on learning English.,reason,calm,ccording,dvice,5. Was it an accident or was it done on _?,6. He was punished by the school because of his _ (cheat) in the exam.,7. All the people are_ about the growth of the younger generation.,8. My naughty son has _ my bag away somewhere, so I cant go to work.,9. No matter what he says, dont _ him. Hes not honest.,10. It was thundering, so the little girl dared not _ (walk) the dog outdoors today. She just played with the dog indoors.,purpose,cheating,concerned,hidden,trust,walk,三、词语派生,用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。,1. When learning English, it is quite important to develop the ability of,_,(communicate).,2. Its quite,_,(nature) for a person to refuse the offer of help from strangers.,3. The headmaster is a,_,(power) man. All the teachers and students respect him very much.,4. How stupid the emperor was! He was,_,(cheat) by the two,_,(cheat).,5. The company has a bad reputation. They often lie to the customers. Theyre very,_,(honest).,communication,natural,powerful,cheated,cheats,dishonest,6. With the help of the government, the people have recovered from the,_,(suffer) in the snow disaster.,7. He was driving very fast because he was,_,(ignore) of the speed limit.,8. He wrote the,_,(entirely) novel in only two months.,9. The weather has changed suddenly, and we must alter our plans,_,(according).,10. The old lady showed a great deal of,_,(concern) for her son.,sufferings,ignorant,entire,accordingly,concern,四、词组互译 将以下词组或短语译成中文或英语。,1. _ 将加起来,2. _ 使平静下来,3. _ 关心、挂念,4. _ 一连串的，一系列、一套,5. _ 与相处，进展,6. _ 经历、经受,7. _ 根据,8. _ 为了,9. _ 成心,10. _ 参加，参加,add up,calm down,be concerned about,a series of,get along with,go through,according to,in order to,on purpose,join in,11. be crazy about _,12. set sth. down _,13. have (got) to do sth _,14. fall in love with _,15. face to face _,16. walk the dog _,17. hide away _,18. suffer from _,19. have trouble with_,20. make an effort to do sth _,对,狂热,放下，记下，登记,不得不，必须做某事,爱上，喜欢上,面对面地,溜狗,躲藏，隐藏,受,的苦,有,麻烦，有困难,努力去做某事,五、词组运用,翻译填空,根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选一个恰当的词组完成句子。,请把我说的话全都记下来。,Please _all that I said.,2.,把分数加起来看看你能拿几分。,_your scores and see how many points you can get.,3.,由于雪灾很多人不得不留在广州过年。,Many people _ spend the Chinese New Year in Guangzhou because of the snow disaster.,4.,李明在这里定居后，和邻居们相处得很好。,Since Li Ming _ here, he has _ his,neighbours,.,set down,Add up,had to,settled,got along well with,5. 我的假期完全被一连串的雨天毁了。My vocation was completely spoiled by_ rainy days.,6. 伊拉克已经经历了太多的战争。,Iraq has _ too many wars.,7. 作为中国人，我们对2021年奥运会特别关注。,As Chinese, we _ very _ the 2021 Olympic Games.,8. 英国的年青人对?哈利波特?的喜爱近乎狂热。,Young people in Britain _ “Harry Potter.,9. 为了学好英语，她尽了很大努力。,_ improve English, she makes _.,10. 你想和我一起参加英语角吗？,Would you like to _the English Corner together with me?,a series of,gone through,are concerned about,are crazy about,In order to,a great effort,join in,高级句型,1. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候，你不小心让狗松开了，结果被车撞了。,句中While walking the dog, =While you were walking the dog, ,While doing意为“在期间，在做的时候。又如：,While providing convenience to consumers, plastic bags have also caused serious pollution, waste of energy and resources.在给顾客提供方面的同时，塑料袋也会影起严重的污染，能源的浪费。,运用：改写以下各句。,(1)When I was traveling in Beijing, I happened to meet a former classmate.,_in Beijing, I happened to meet a former classmate.,(2)Though he is over sixty, he still keeps on studying English,_,he still keeps on studying English.,(3)She wont go to the conference unless he is invited,She wont go to the conference_,.,归纳：此句型的使用条件：,(1),在,_,状语从句中；,(2),如果从句的主语与主句的主语,_,，而且从句中的谓语含有,_,动词的某种形式；,(3),从句中的主语和,be,可以省略，并且要,_,，不能只省略其一。,When traveling,Though over sixty,unless invited,时间、条件、让步,相同,有,be,同时省略,2. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。,结构分析：本句是一个复杂句，I wonder是主句的主语和谓语，if引导一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中because引导一个原因状语从句，且用了“It is/ was +被强调局部+that/ who +其它这个强调结构，强调原因状语从句。运用该强调结构需知以下两点：,(1)此句型常用来强调除谓语动词外的句子成分。,(2)此句中的that是固定的, 即使被强调局部是时间或地点，也用that; 强调人物时可用who。,运用：用,it isthat,强调下句中的划线部。,Jack,broke,a glass,yesterday afternoon,at his uncles home.,(1) _broke a glass yesterday afternoon at his uncles home.(,强调主语,),(2) _Jack broke yesterday afternoon at his uncles home.(,强调宾语,),(3) _Jack broke a glass at his uncles home.(,强调时间状语,),(4) _Jack broke a glass yesterday afternoon. (,强调地点状语,),It was at his uncles home that,It was Jack that / who,It was a glass that,It was yesterday afternoon that,3. It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face. (从句时态用完成时)这是我第一次目睹夜晚,句型提炼：It is/was the first time thathave/had done,(1)其中的it可用this或that替代；,(2)first根据实际情况可改为second, third等；,(3)前面是is时，后面用have/has done；前面是was时，后面用had done。,(4)比较：It is (about /high) time that sb. did/ should do sth.是某人该做某事的时候了(=It is time for sb. to do sth.)。如：It is time that we started (=should start).=It is time for us to start.是我们该动身的时候了。,运用：请用此句型将以下句子译成英文。,(1) 这是我第一次来北京。,This is the first time that I _in Beijing.,(2) 那是他第二次上班迟到。,It was the third time that the man _,late for work.,(3)他说那是我第一次开出租车。,He said it_,a taxi.,have been,had been,was the first time that he had driven,Language Data Bank,Language points for Reading I,1.,go through,经历,go through,two stages,经历阶级斗争的考验,go through,the test in class struggle,The poor girl has,gone through,a lot since her parents died.,Language points for Reading I,2.,or,=,otherwise,3.,hide(hid, hidden) away,4.,set down,=,write down,I,set down,everything that happened then.,5.,series,(,单复同形,),a series of + n (pl),There is a television,series,on this channel every night.,a series of,good harvests/ questions/ Long March memorial stamps,There has been,a series of,car accidents at the crossing.,6.,as,正如,照,的方式,1) Do,as I say,.,2) David,as you know, is a photographer.,3),As,I said in my last letter,Im taking the exam in July.,7.,be/ get/ grow crazy about,1) The boy,is crazy about,skiing.,2) The teenagers,are crazy about,the pop singer.,be crazy to do sth,1) You,are crazy to,do such a thing.,2) You,are crazy to,buy a car at such a high price.,= Its crazy of you to buy a car at such a high price.,8.,to do inf.,作定语,Do you have anything,to eat,? Im extremely hungry.,9.,stay (link v) + adj/ n,1) I,stayed awake,through the stormy night.,2) He,stayed single,all his life.,3) The weather,stayed sultry,.,天气持续闷热。,4),Stay seated,!,坐在那别动,!,10.,do sth on purpose,I think she,lost the key on purpose,.,do sth with/ for the purpose of,He took along one of his pictures,with the purpose of,finding a job.,= He went to town in order that he could sell the painting.,11.,in order to = so as to,He went to town,in order to,sell the painting.,12.,much too + adj/ adv,too much (+ un),= more than enough,She is afraid that the trip will be,too much,for me.,He doesnt talk,too much,.,The dress is,much too,long for me.,I got into the taxi and the driver started off at once and drove,much too,fast.,Its,much too,hot.,13.,happen vi.,1) What time did the accident,happen,?,2) No one know who had fired the gun it all,happened,so quickly.,sb. happen to do sth. (,似乎,),碰巧,= to be or as if by chance,I happened to see,her on my way to work.,If,you happen to find,it, please let me know.,It happens/ happened that clause,It happened that,they went out when I called.,14.,hold/ have sb in ones power,控制住,/,摆布某人,15.,Its the first/ second time that,某人第一,/,二次做,The thundering clouds,held me entirely in their power,.,It was the first time,in a year and a half,that,Id seen the night face to face.,16.,cheat v.,to act in a dishonest way in order to win,欺骗，作弊,Any student caught,cheating,will have to leave the classroom.,任何被发现作弊的学生将被赶出教室。,2) to take from (someone) in a dishonest way,骗，骗取,他们让那老妇人在她不懂的文件上签字，骗了她的钱。,They,cheated,the old woman (out) of her money by making her sign a document she didnt understand.,cheat n.,an act of cheating, dishonest trick,作弊行为,2) one who cheats,骗子,17.,lonely & alone,1He has been very lonely since his wife left him.,2) She lives alone.,3) The gloves alone cost $80.,lonely: unhappy because of being alone or without friends,孤独的，寂寞的,alone: 1) without any friends or separated from others,单独的,2) only,仅仅，只有。用于名词或代词之后。,leave/let sb or sth alone,Not take, touch or interfere with sb. or sth. 不带走，不触摸，不干预某人或某事,1),不要动，那时我的东西。,Leave that alone. Its mine.,2) 她要求不要打搅她。,She has asked to be left alone.,18.,dare,But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt,dare,open a window.,dare,具有情态动词和一般动词两种用法。,Grammar,直接引语和间接引语,Direct and Indirect Speech,Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech (1),转述他人的陈述,陈述句,She,asked,me,what,I,was,doing,.,1) He said , “Im going to Beijing.,He said,that,he,was,going to Beijing,.,2) He asked, “Are you a teacher?,He asked me,if /whether,I,was,a doctor,.,3) She said , “What are you doing?,2.,转述他人的疑问一般疑问句,3.,转述他人的问题特殊疑问句,直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化,He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ,He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.,He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday. ,He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.,陈述句,用连词,that,引导，,that,在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的,said,也可用,told,来代替，注意，可以说,said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that,，,不可直接说,told that,解题步骤,:,1.,陈述句,:,“I dont like computers, Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,I dont like,computers.,said,didnt,she,Sarah said to her friends,that,she didnt like,computers.,Sarah,一般疑问句,He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?,He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.,He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?,He asked whether I was interested in English.,间接引语用连词,whether,或,if,引导，原主句中谓语动词,said,要改为,asked(me/him/us,等,),，语序是陈述句的语序,2.,一般疑问句,:,Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?,(,They asked him,),They,asked,him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,it,is,easy to improve the condition of the soil.,asked,is,was,They asked him,if,it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,特殊疑问句,He said to me，“Whats your name?,He asked me what my name was.,He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?,He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用,ask(sb,. ),来表达，语序改为陈述句语序,3.,特殊疑问句：,When do you harvest the wheat ?,(,They asked him,),They asked him,When,you harvest the wheat,you,harvest,the wheat.,he,harvested,They asked him when,he harvested,the wheat.,选择疑问句,He asked, “Do you speak English or French?,He asked me whether I spoke English or French.,I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?,I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.,用,whetheror,表达，而不用,ifor,，,也不用,eitheror,5.,注意地点的变化,在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化,1.,注意时态的变化,2.,注意人称变化。,3.,注意指示代词的变化,4.,注意时间的变化,6.,注意个别趋向动词的变化,When you change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech, you sometimes need to change the,verb tense,.,You may also need to change,pronouns,time,in order to keep the same meaning.,Direct,indirect,Present,past,Past,past and past perfect,Present perfect,past perfect,Past perfect,past perfect,The geography teacher told us that the sun,rises,in the east and,sets,in the west.,谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：,1.,直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变,The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,She says that,shell never forget,the days in the country.,2.,如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变,The children said, “We love this game.,They told us that they,love,that game.,3.,主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。,She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.,1. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候,2. 当直接引语局部带有具体的过去时间状语时,3. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时,4. 当引语是谚语、格言时,5. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时,从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况,:,直接引语,间接引语,指示,代词,时 间 状 语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,that day,this week,that week,yesterday,the day before,last week,the week before,four days ago,four days before,the day before yesterday,two days before,tomorrow,the next day,next month,the next month,here,there,come,go,bring,take,直接引语中的助动词,间接引语中的助动词,shall,should,should,Should,（不变）,will,would,would,Would,（不变）,may,might,might,Might,（不变）,can,could,could,Could,（不变）,must,Must/had to,Exercises:,1. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this work.,2.He said , “I havent heard from him since May.,3.Tom said “I will see you next week.,He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work,.,He said that he,hadnt heard,from him since May.,Tom said that he,would,see me,the,next week.,4. “Why were you late again? The teacher said to me.,5. “I dont like swimming, said Sarah.,6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.,7. “Have you been to Paris? My classmate asked me.,The teacher asked me,why I was,late again,.,Sarah said she,didnt,like swimming,.,His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?,My classmate asked me,if I had,been to Paris.,Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.,A. get over B. get in,C. get along D. get through,高考链接,C,解析：答案C。此题主要考查具体语境中get短语的用法。全句意为：尽管读者不知道每个单词确实切含义，但他们能够很好得读懂，即读书进展得顺利，故用get along。,2. Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.,A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen,C. should fall D. were to fall,高考链接,B,解析：答案B。此题考查了fall in love在虚拟语气中的应用，从标志性时间状语at the age of seven看，宾语从句内容意指过去。在虚拟语气结构中，假设指过去，从句中动词形式用过去完成时，主句中谓语动词形式用would/should/might/ could/have done。,3. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble.,A. an advice B. advice,C. advices D. the advices,高考链接,B,解析：答案B。Advice假设作“忠告，劝告，建议讲，无论什么情况下都不可数，故A、C、D各项均属错误。Advice前不能用不定冠词，但可被some，much，a lot of/lots of，a piece of，a bit of，a word of等修饰。,4. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.,A. dare to say B. dare saying,C. not dare say D. dared say,高考链接,D,解析：答案D。此题主要考查了dare作为情态动词和实义动词的根本用法。作为实义动词，dare有人称、数和时态的变化，故dare to say与主语he相悖；dare doing结构本身错误；dare的否认形式应为dare not do(情态动词)或dont/doesnt/didnt dare (实义动词) to do。,goodbye,Unit 2 English,Around the World,基础知识自测,一单词拼写 请根据给出的读音、词性和词义写出以下单词。,1. _ 5AktFuElI adv. 事实上,2._ beis vt. 以根底,3. _5rAdjJElI adv. 逐渐地,4. _ aidenttin. 本身, 身份,5. _ f lu;nt adj. 流利的,6. _ 5fri:kwEnt adj. 频繁的，经常的,7. _ rikwest vt. n. 要求，请求,8._ 5rekEnaiz vt. 认出，成认,9. _ streitadj. 直的,10. _ lt adj. n. 后者,actually,base,gradually,identity,fluent,frequent,request,recognize,straight,latter,11.,_,inri vt.,使充实， 使丰富,12. _,5eliveitE, n.,电梯,13. _,5kCNkE, vt.,占领，征服,14. _,5AksEnt, n.,口音,15. _,vE5kAbjulEri, n.,词汇,16 ._ ju;zidn.,使用，用法,17._,E5fiFEl, adj.,官方的，正式的,18. _ ,iks5preFEn, n.,词语，表达,19. _,_,5mid5westEn, adj.,中西部的,20. _,kE5mB:nd, vt./n.,命令，指令,enrich,elevator,conquer,accent,vocabulary,usage,official,expression,Midwestern,command,二,单词运用,根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词，或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。,1. Our school has organized a lot of activities in order to,our school life.,2. He,knew this city with _,visits throughout the year.,3. Can you,these twin sisters?,4. I showed two books to you just now. Which one do you prefer, the former or the,?,enrich,Gradually frequent,recognize,latter,5. The chairman,that we should show our,card when leaving here.,6. This stick looks as if it were bent in the water, but,it is,.,7.,English is,on frequent practice.,8. The date for the celebration has been _ announced. (official),9. The general gave a _ that all soldiers should go to the front.,10. Mastering words and _ is a very important part in English learning.,requested,identity,actually straight,Fluent based,officially,command,expressions,三,词语派生,用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。,1. Some _ came to our _ yesterday. (office),2. The _ thought they won after they conquered this land but in fact, they could not conquer peoples mind. (conquer),3. We should base the ways of our behaviors on some,_ moral principles. (base),4. We go camping from time to time to enrich our life. And these _ bring a lot happiness to us indeed. (enrich),5. These two tigers _ accepted each other after the keepers had taken gradual and effective steps. (gradual),officials offices,conquerors,basic,enrichments,gradually,6. The police failed to_ that criminals identity, which led to his release. (identity),7. _ in English may contribute to fluent French as they share a lot of similarities. (fluent),8. I would like to express my gratitude to you all though some more feelings are beyond _. (express),9. If you want to use these words, you should first master their _. (use),10. Most of the dead were recognized by their relatives but some were beyond _ as the explosion was too strong.( recognize),identify,Fluency,expression,usages,recognition,四词组互译 将以下词组或短语翻译成中文或英语。,1. _ _
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