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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,非谓语动词I (Nonfinite Verbs),主讲: 雷小娟,非谓语动词?,在句子中充当,除谓语以外的 句子成分的动词形式,叫做非 谓语动词。,非谓语动词分为,三种形式,:,1)不定式，,2)动名词，,3)分词,(,现在,分词和,过去,分词)。,不定式-,形式,(The Infinitive),时态语态,主动,被动,一般式,to do,to be done,进行式,to be doing,/,完成式,to have done,to have been done,完成进行式,to have been doing,/,不定式,动词不定式在句中可作,主语,(,Subject,),宾语,(,Object,),定语,(,Attribute,),表语,(,Predicative),状语(,Adverbial,)等。,Its a good habit,to get up early,.,We plan,to go,to the seaside for our holiday ., She is looking for a room,to live in,.,My job is,to help the patient,.,To sleep late in the afternoon, Bob turned,off the alarm .,动名词/现在分词,时态/语态,主动,被动,一般式,doing,being done,完成式,having done,having been done,3),过去分词,只有,done,一种形式.,动名词:,在句中起,名词,作用，可作,主语,表语,宾语,和,定语,1)_ (收集信息is very important to businessmen.,2)My favourite sport is _ (踢足球,3)He finished _ (看完这本书)yesterday.,4)He has a _ room. (书房,Collecting information,reading the book,reading,playing football,非谓语作,状语,的,重点,与,难点,状语,动词不定式在句中可作,目的,原因,结果,状语,。,1.,To pass the exam, Bob studied hard,.,(,In order to, (,表,目的,),2.Nice,to meet you,again.,(,表,原因,),3.He worked hard,only to fail,.(,表,结果,),动名词:,在句中作,主语,表语,宾语,和,定语,而,不能作,状语,分词,:,现在,分词(v.ing),过去,分词(done),想一想:,在句中可作,哪些状语?,Underline the nonfinite verbs,(找非谓语动词):,1.a)Having done their,homework, the students,left the classroom.,1.b)Asked why he did it, he,said it was his duty.,(=,After they had done,),(=,When he was asked,.),(时间状语),3.a)Being ill,he didnt go,to school.,3.b)Born in the village, he,knows a lot of people,there.,(=,As he was ill, ),(=,As/Because he was,born,),(原因,状语,),2.a)Working,hard,you will,do well in your exams.,2.b)Given more time, I can,do better.,(=,If you work hard, ),(=,If I am given,),(条件状语),4.a)Though weighing almost,fifty kilograms, the box,was lifted by him with,one hand.,4.b)Although tired, they,continued to work.,(=,Though it weighs,),(=,Although they were,tired, ),(让步,状语),5.His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan,(=,so that he,became an orphan, .),(结果状语),6.a)They went into the room,Laughing and talking.,6.b)The teacher stood there,surrounded by the,students,(方式或伴随),(=,laughed and talked,.),(=,and,was surrounded,),总结:,分词(,现在,过去,分词)在句中作,状语,可表,时间,、,原因,、,条件,、,让步,、,伴随,或,方式,等含义,现在,分词还可作,结果,状语、,相当于一个对应的,状语从句,所表达的意思.,总结,非谓语作状语的,高考热门例析,例析,Seeing from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.,找出下列句子中的错误,并总结出规律:,Seen,Seen from the top of the mountain, we can view the beauty of the whole city.,Seeing,规律,(,一,):,分词,:,现在分词,/,过去分词,现在,分词表示,主动,和,进行,；,过去,分词表示,被动,和,完成,。,分词作状语时,无论主动还是被动形式,分词动作的逻辑主语和主句的主语应该保持一致,发散思维,当非谓语的逻辑主语与 句子的逻辑主语不一致时,还可用,哪种结构,来表达?,Seeing from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.,We seeing,当非谓语的逻辑主语与 句子的逻辑主语不一致时,还可用,独立主格结构,来表达?,1.The manager,_it clear to,us that he didnt agree with,us, left the meeting room.,A.who has made B. made,C.having made D. making,2._many times, he did it,well.,A.Being told B.Having told,C.Having been told,D.To be told,C,C,规律(二):,当v-ing形式作状语时，要考虑时态与语态假设它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用having done,如果表被动那么用 having been done,3.,He rushed to the train,station,only,_ the train,had gone. A. finding B. found C. finds D. to find,4.European football is,played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular,sport in the world.,(,NMET1998),A. making B. makes C. made D. to make,D,A,规律(三):,不定式与现在分词都可作 结果状语,区别:,不定式表“出乎意料,意料之外,现在分词表“顺其自然,意料之中,方式或伴随,还可表原因(前因后果)等,非谓语作状语的,习惯用法,与,特殊用法,1._from his look,she must have just been separated from her Mr. Right.,A. Judged,B. Judging,C. To judge,D. Being judged,B,解析,此题考察v.ing 作插入语的习惯用法,应选B,2._you the truth, I dont,agree with what you said,just now.,A. TellB. To tell,C. TellingD. Told,B,解析,此题考察不定式作插入语的习惯用法, 应选 B,必背,:,Judging from,由判断,副词,(,adv.,)+,speaking,的来说,generally speaking,一般说来,总的来说,personally speaking,就个人来说, 就自己而言,strictly speaking,严格说来,believe it or not,信不信由你,必背: to be honest 老实说,to tell you the truth说老实话,to be frank 坦率地说,to say nothing of 姑且不说,to be sure 诚然，固然,to be exact 精确地说,so to speak 可以这么说,to be brief 简言之,to conclude 总而言之,to do him justice 说句对他公正的话,to make a long story short 长话短说,to begin with 首先,非谓语动词作状语的,高考热门考点,小结,小结:,1.分词与主语的关系,(,分词动作的逻辑主语和主句 的主语应该,保持一致,:,表示,主动,和,进行,用,现在,分词,;,表示,被动,和,完成,用,过去,分词,),2.,要考虑,时态,与,语态,3.要记一些,习惯用法,非谓语作状语的,稳固练习,1.His parents died,_,him an orphan. A. Left B. leaving C. leave D. to leave,2.He rushed to the post office only,_,it was closed. A. finding B.find C. found D. to find,B,D,Choose the best answers:,3.When _ help, one often says, “Thank you. or “Its kind of you.(福建卷33题,A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered,4.He called the police for help, _ that the problem was more than he could deal with.,A. realize B. to realize,C. realized D. realizing,D,D,5._a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter. A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received,6.While watching television, _. 全国卷18题,the doorbell rang,B. the doorbell rings,C. we heard the doorbell ring,D. we heard the doorbell rings,7._it or not, you will,succeed one day in the,future.,A. Believe B. To believe,C. Believing D. Believed,8._honest, we are not,sure to find the girl in,the forest.,A. Be B. To be,C. Being D. been,A,B,9. _ in the classroom, he felt somewhat homesick. A. Seating B. To seat C. Seated D. Seats,C,解析,此题考察“seat只用过去分词“seated作状语等的习惯用法,应选 C,
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