语法-过去分词作状语和定语资料课件

GrammarThePastParticipleItwassnowingandverycoldoutside.Alittlegirlwaswalkinginthestreet,sellingmatches.Shedidntwearanyshoesbecauseshe had her shoes lost.She looked veryworriedbecausetherewerelotsofmatchesleft.She wished all her matches sold butnobodyboughtasingleone.Shewassocoldthat she sat in a corner with her legshuddled（蜷缩）（蜷缩）up.ShelitamatchandsawaChristmastreedecoratedverybeautifully.Thelightedcandleswereburningbrightlyandsheseemedverydelighted.Shelitanotheroneandsawhergrandmother.Requestedtotakeheraway,hergrandmotherwentawaywithher.Thenextday,peoplesawthegirlfrozentodeath.Whatapoorgirl!Pleasefindoutthepastparticiples.1.ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.2.Theglassisbroken.3.Maryheardhernamecalledbyastranger.4.Influencedbytheeventsofthelate19thcenturyandhiseducation,youngCoubertindevelopedafirmbeliefthatsportspossessedthepowertobenefithumanbeingsandcouragepeaceamongthenationsoftheworld._1.作作定语定语2.作表语作表语3.作宾补作宾补4.作状语作状语过过去去分分词词1.When our future school is seen from the space,our future school looks like a plate.Seen from the space,our future school looks like a plate.ourfutureschoolCombinethetwosentencesWhenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Seenfromthehill，thepark可在过去分词前加上连词可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等来强调时间概念等来强调时间概念。Dontspeakuntilyouarespokento.Dontspeakuntilspokento.1.时间状语（时间状语（time）2.Because She is surprised at the schoolbag,she turns her head back to find out what happens.Surprised at the schoolbag,she turns her head back to find out what happens.Ourfutureschoolbag2.原因状语（原因状语（cause）Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacherswords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.GreatlytouchedbytheteacherswordsBecausehewassurprisedatwhathappened,Tomdidntknowwhattodo.Surprisedatwhathappened3.If I am given a time machine,I will pay a visit to the future.Given a time machine,I will pay a visit to the future.atimemachine3.条件状语条件状语（condition）Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.GivenmoretimeIfitisheatedtoahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapor.Heatedtoahightemperature4.让步状语（让步状语（concession）Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.ThoughwarnedofthestormEvenifIminvited,Iwonttakepartintheparty.Evenifinvited5.方式、伴随状语方式、伴随状语Accompanyingaction/mannerTheteacherenteredtheclassroom,andhewasfollowedbyagroupofstudents.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.Theteacherstoodthereandwassurroundedbythestudents.Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents.2.过去分词作状语表示过去分词作状语表示_/或或_的动作的动作,相当相当一个状语从句。一个状语从句。3.过去分词作状语时其过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语逻辑主语与与主句的主语主句的主语要保要保持持一致一致。过去分词作状语过去分词作状语 被动被动完成完成summary1.过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。_from the hill,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.如果句子的主语和分词是主动关系如果句子的主语和分词是主动关系,用用_，句子的主语和分词是被动关系，句子的主语和分词是被动关系，用用_。现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词重难点辨析（一）：主语一致重难点辨析（一）：主语一致_ from the hill,you will find thecitylookslikeabiggarden.SeenSeeing1.从上面看从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。体育场好像一个鸟巢。_fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.A.SeeingB.Seen2.从太空看从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。宇航员看不到长城。_fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.A.SeeingB.SeenLost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidnthearthesound.Surprisedatwhathadhappened,Tomdidntknowwhattodo.1，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。时不表被动而表主语的状态。lost(迷路迷路);seated(坐坐);hidden(躲躲);lost/absorbedin(沉溺于沉溺于);born(出身于出身于);dressedin(穿着穿着);2，由某些动词后面加，由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具转化来的形容词也具有此用法。有此用法。如：如：frightened,satisfied,tired,disappointed等。等。重难点辨析（二）：不表被动的特殊情况重难点辨析（二）：不表被动的特殊情况分分词词作作状状语语答答题记忆题记忆口口诀诀分词作状语，主语是问题。分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动主动-ing,-ing,被动用被动用-ed-ed。Having been done Having been done 表先后，表先后，千万要牢记。千万要牢记。使用过去分词作状语时容易错的两种情况使用过去分词作状语时容易错的两种情况1.忽视了分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须是句中主语忽视了分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须是句中主语(或主动或或主动或被动被动)。如:Ifheated,_.A.peoplecanturnwaterintogasB.onecanchangeiceintowaterC.iceturnsintowaterD.peoplegetwaterfromice若分词主语与句中主语不一致若分词主语与句中主语不一致,则可以用其他方法来修正则可以用其他方法来修正:给分词添加自己的主语,构成独立主格结构或改变语态。改为相应的状语从句来表达。用with复合结构等。如如:完成作业后完成作业后,孩子们出去踢足球了。孩子们出去踢足球了。Finishedtheirhomework,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.Theirhomeworkfinished,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.(独立主格结构)Havingfinishedtheirhomework,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.(现在分词完成形式)Withtheirhomeworkfinshed,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.(with的复合结构)Afterfinishingtheirhomework,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.(介词+动名词)(X)有些含有分词的固定插入语有些含有分词的固定插入语,其逻辑主语其逻辑主语不要求与主语一致。如不要求与主语一致。如:judgingfrom(从.来判断);generally(frankly/exactly/./)speaking一般地(坦率地/确切地)说;considering(考虑到);talkingof(说到).;supposingthat(假使).;seeingthat(鉴于).等。如:Consideringhishealth,hewasmadetostayathome。2.不能正确区分不能正确区分doing(现在分词现在分词)和和done(过去分词过去分词)的用法的用法(1)_theprogamme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted(2)_manytimes,hestillcametoschoollate.A.HavingtoldB.HavingbeentoldC.ToldD.Beingtold(3)_inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.BeinglostConsolidate:1)_(如此高兴如此高兴),wedecidedtostaytwomoredays.Function:_2)_(十六世纪十六世纪烧毁后烧毁后),thecastlewasneverrebuilt.Function:_Much delightedBurnt in the 16th centuryCauseTime3)_(被他的话所感动被他的话所感动),Iacceptedhispresent.Function:_4)_(从山上看从山上看),thelakelooksbeautiful.Function:_5)_(如果吃地及时如果吃地及时)themedicinewillbequiteeffective.Function:_Moved by his wordsSeen from the hillTaken in timecauseCondition/timeCondition过去分词作定语过去分词作定语过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系存在着逻辑上的被动关系,且表示该动作且表示该动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语,通常通常置于被修饰的词的前面置于被修饰的词的前面,而分词短语作定而分词短语作定语语,则须置于被修饰词的后面。则须置于被修饰词的后面。Attention1.LastSundaywewentonanorganizedtriptotheforest.上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。2.Aletterpostedtodaywillreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.今天发出的信后天就能收到。今天发出的信后天就能收到。现在或过去分词作定语可以转换成定语从句:He worked as a worker building roads.(主动)=He worked as a worker who/that built roads.This is a picture painted by my father.(被动)=This is a picture which was painted by my father.I know the young man sleeping on the bench.(在进行)=I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench.The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.(已完成)=The letter which was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。Some of them,born and brought up in country villages,had never seen a train.他们当中有一些人,生长在农村，从未见过火车。过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况:单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。1.前置定语前置定语A.被动意义：被动意义：an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 (受伤的工人)are now being taken good care of in the hospital.B.完成意义完成意义a retired teacher 一位退休的教师They are cleaning (落叶)in the yard.The injured workersthe fallen leaves2.后置定语后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.=Who were the so-called guests invited(=)to your part last night?that has ever been writtenwho had been invited 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：Is there anything unsolved?There is noting changed here since I left this town.注意注意:1._inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose2.If_thesametreatmentagain,hessuretogetwell.A.givingB.giveC.givenD.beinggiven3._in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.FoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.BeingfoundedD.FoundingPracticemakesperfect4._withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesntseembigatall.A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared5._time,hellmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given6._inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed7.Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited8._moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven.9.Thecomputercenter,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened10.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written11.When_,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted12._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered13.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun14.The_morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,_byhisnaughtyboy.A.following,followingB.followed,followedC.following,followedDfollowed,following15._,buthestillcouldnotunderstandit.A.ToldmanytimesB.HavingbeentoldmanytimesC.HehasbeentoldmanytimesD.Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes2011天津卷天津卷_intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.lA.TranslatingB.TranslatedlC.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated2011上海春招上海春招_in1955,DisneylandinCaliforniaisregardedbymanyastheoriginalfunpark.lA.OpenedB.HavingopenedlC.OpeningD.Beingopened(2010)._fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.A.SeenB.SeeingC.HavingseenD.Tosee(2010)._atmyclassmatesfaces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.A.LookingB.LookC.TolookD.LookedWritingWorkingroupsofsixtowriteapassageusingthePastParticipleandthePresentParticiple,modeledaftertheabovepassage.请你根据下面的内容提示用英文写一篇有关刘翔的简介。1.刘翔是中国奥运会的金牌得主，以他在110米栏中的速度著称2.生于上海的一个家庭,从小就受到良好的训练3.在2004年的雅典奥运会上赢得了男子110米栏，平了世界纪录并且打破了奥运记录4.2008年，由于严重受伤，他离开了北京奥运会的鸟巢5.两年后，受到最好治疗后并且在他教练孙海平的鼓励下，刘翔回来了，在2010年广州亚运会上赢得了三连冠6.现在，我们发现刘翔的精神在全国各地传播注意:1.短文中须包括上述内容要点，可适当发挥；2.在短文中至少要使用5-6个分词形式 3.词数：100左右。ThanksThanksHomework1.FinishExe.2-3onpage21.2.Goover“ThePastParticipleastheAdverbial”.人有了知识，就会具备各种分析能力，明辨是非的能力。所以我们要勤恳读书，广泛阅读，古人说“书中自有黄金屋。”通过阅读科技书籍，我们能丰富知识，培养逻辑思维能力；通过阅读文学作品，我们能提高文学鉴赏水平，培养文学情趣；通过阅读报刊，我们能增长见识，扩大自己的知识面。有许多书籍还能培养我们的道德情操，给我们巨大的精神力量，鼓舞我们前进。