资源描述
英语写作训练英语写作训练写作训练的思路写作训练的思路写一完整的句子写一完整的句子:句子的完整句子的完整句子的连贯句子的连贯句子的简洁句子的简洁句子的多样化句子的多样化主题句主题句,扩展句扩展句,结论结论句句设计一个段落设计一个段落:基础写作基础写作读写任务读写任务写一个完整的句子写一个完整的句子这几句是正确的句子吗这几句是正确的句子吗?如果你认为如果你认为有误有误,该怎么改该怎么改?1.The meeting will until 3:00.2.Work hard,you will succeed.3.I have a brother,who is a doctor.4.There are only 4 students take part in the class.lastlastandand who whotaking/to take taking/to take 句子的分类句子的分类简单句简单句:只包含一个主谓结构的句子只包含一个主谓结构的句子.并并列列句句:主主谓谓结结构构+连连词词(and,(and,but,but,so,so,oror)+主主谓谓结结构构 (或或更更多多的的主主谓谓结结构构)复合句复合句:引导词引导词+主谓结构主谓结构,主谓结构主谓结构 (从句从句)(主句主句)五种基本的简单句五种基本的简单句1.1.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词2.2.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Birds fly.Birds fly.Buses run from dawn till Buses run from dawn till midnight.midnight.We are studying hard.We are studying hard.We have read many books.We have read many books.They do shopping at the weekend.They do shopping at the weekend.We are learning English.We are learning English.3.3.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语4.4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语5.5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 We are students.We are students.He became a scientist.He became a scientist.That sounds good.That sounds good.He gave He gave TomTom a presenta present.He offered He offered me me a joba job.We made We made himhim our monitorour monitor.The manager thinks The manager thinks the planthe plan practicalpractical.He will have He will have his bikehis bike repairedrepaired.I wonI wont have t have youyou speakingspeaking to your mother to your mother like that.like that.练习练习:翻译下面的简单句翻译下面的简单句1.19391.1939年爆发了第二次世界大战年爆发了第二次世界大战.2.2.一天一天,她高兴地走进我的房间她高兴地走进我的房间.3.3.一轮红日从东方升起一轮红日从东方升起.4.4.张飞在三年级六班张飞在三年级六班.5.5.那个故事听起来很有趣那个故事听起来很有趣.The Second World WarThe Second World War/World War II broke/World War II broke out in 1939.out in 1939.One day she came into my room happily.One day she came into my room happily.The red sun rises The red sun rises in in the east.the east.Zhang Fei is in Class 6,Grade 3.Zhang Fei is in Class 6,Grade 3.That story sounds interesting.That story sounds interesting.6.6.老师好像对我的工作很满意老师好像对我的工作很满意.7.7.早睡早起对人的身体有益早睡早起对人的身体有益.8.8.胡姗姗读过这本书胡姗姗读过这本书多次多次了了.The teacher seemed to be pleased with my The teacher seemed to be pleased with my work.work.Going to bed early and getting up early Going to bed early and getting up early is is good/beneficial for/does good togood/beneficial for/does good to your your health.health.Hu Shanshan has read the book many times.Hu Shanshan has read the book many times.9.9.我还没决定去还是不去我还没决定去还是不去.10.10.周兰周兰借借给我一些钱给我一些钱.11.11.这件晚礼服这件晚礼服花花了她四十美元了她四十美元.I havenI havent decided whether to go or not.t decided whether to go or not.Zhou Lan lent me some money.Zhou Lan lent me some money.The evening dress cost her forty dollars.The evening dress cost her forty dollars.She paid forty dollars for the evening She paid forty dollars for the evening dress.dress.12.12.王小明常常在课堂上问老师许多问题王小明常常在课堂上问老师许多问题.13.13.同学们把课室保持得干干净净同学们把课室保持得干干净净.14.14.我们注意到有许多人站在学校大门口我们注意到有许多人站在学校大门口.15.15.我找人把自行车修好了我找人把自行车修好了.16.16.你不应该让他一个人去那儿你不应该让他一个人去那儿.Wang Xiaoming often asks the teacher a lot Wang Xiaoming often asks the teacher a lot of questions of questions in classin class.The students keep the classroom clean.The students keep the classroom clean.We We noticednoticed a lot of people a lot of people standingstanding at the at the gate of our school.gate of our school.I had the bike repaired.I had the bike repaired.You shouldnYou shouldnt let him go there alone.t let him go there alone.并列句并列句1.1.用用连连词词/副副词词 (and,(and,but but,so,so,for,for,or or,not not onlyonlybut but also,also,eithereitheror,or,neitherneithernor,nor,while,bothwhile,bothand,however,thereforeand,however,therefore)1)Li Ming is 18 years old 1)Li Ming is 18 years old andand he is a he is a student in No.1 Middle School.student in No.1 Middle School.2)Hurry up 2)Hurry up oror you youll be late for schoolll be late for school.3)I must go now,for my sister is waiting 3)I must go now,for my sister is waiting for me.for me.2.2.用用 “;”3.3.用用 “;+adv;+adv”1)We fished all day;wewe didnt catch anything.1)We fished all day;howeverhowever,we didnt catch anything.2)The car was almost new;besidesbesides,it was in excellent condition.,but we,but we,so all,so all 2)Lily does well in study;allall the teachers think highly of her.练习练习练习练习:翻译下列句子翻译下列句子翻译下列句子翻译下列句子 1.1.他虽然有病他虽然有病,但是还是上学去了但是还是上学去了.2.2.汤姆很穷汤姆很穷,而他的弟弟却发了财而他的弟弟却发了财.3.3.他丢了工作他丢了工作,因此这些天心情不好因此这些天心情不好.He was ill;He was ill;however,/but yethowever,/but yet he went to he went to school.school.Although/ThoughAlthough/Though he was ill,he went to he was ill,he went to school.school.Ill Ill as/thoughas/though he was,he went to school.he was,he went to school.WhileWhile he was ill,he went to school.he was ill,he went to school.Tom was poor Tom was poor whilewhile his brother became his brother became very rich.very rich.He lost his job,He lost his job,soso he was unhappy these he was unhappy these days.days.He was in a bad mood He was in a bad mood becausebecause he lost his he lost his job.job.4.4.韩惠不但歌唱得好韩惠不但歌唱得好,而且舞也跳得好而且舞也跳得好.5.5.我本打算昨天告诉你我本打算昨天告诉你,但你不在办公室但你不在办公室.Han Han Hui Hui can can not not only only sing sing well,well,but but also also dance well.dance well.Not only Not only does does Han Hui sing well,but also Han Hui sing well,but also she dances well.she dances well.I I meant meant to to tell tell you you yesterday,yesterday,but but you you were were not in your office.not in your office.I I had had wanted/intendedwanted/intended to to tell tell you you yesterday,yesterday,but you were not in your office.but you were not in your office.复合句复合句复合句里包含两个或更多的主谓结构复合句里包含两个或更多的主谓结构,其中其中有一个有一个主谓结构为句子的主体称为主句，另一个些主主谓结构为句子的主体称为主句，另一个些主谓结构为从句，他（们）只能充当句子的某一谓结构为从句，他（们）只能充当句子的某一（些）成分，（些）成分，,如如:主语主语,宾语宾语,表语表语,同位语同位语,定语定语,状语等状语等.根据他们在句子中的功能分别称根据他们在句子中的功能分别称为主语从句为主语从句,宾语从句宾语从句,表语从句表语从句,同位语从句同位语从句,定语从句定语从句,状语从句状语从句等等.判断下面句子属于哪种复合句判断下面句子属于哪种复合句1)When we shall have our sports meetingWhen we shall have our sports meeting is still a question.2)The letter says that they are leaving they are leaving on Fridayon Friday.3)Thats what they should dowhat they should do.4)We expressed the hope that they would that they would come and visit China againcome and visit China again.5)This is the very dictionary that I am that I am looking forlooking for.6)As time went onAs time went on,Einsteins theory proved to be correct.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句练习练习:改正下面句子改正下面句子,使之成为正确的一句话使之成为正确的一句话Faulty:There are forty-five students in our Faulty:There are forty-five students in our class,one-third of them are from nearby class,one-third of them are from nearby countries.countries.1.1.There There are are forty-five forty-five students students in in our our class,class,andand one-third one-third of of them them are are from from nearby countries.nearby countries.2.2.There There are are forty-five forty-five students students in in our our classclass;one-third one-third of of them them are are from from nearby countries.nearby countries.3.3.There There are are forty-five forty-five students students in in our our class,class,one-third one-third of of whomwhom are are from from nearby nearby countries.countries.It was raining hard,they could not work in the It was raining hard,they could not work in the field.field.1.1.It It was was raining raining hardhard；they they could could not not work in the field.work in the field.2.2.It It was was raining raining hard,hard,soso they they could could not not work in the field.work in the field.3.3.It It was was raining raining so so hard hard thatthat they they could could not work in the field.not work in the field.4.4.They They could could not not work work in in the the field field becausebecause it was raining hard.it was raining hard.5.5.AsAs it it was was raining raining hard,hard,they they could could not not work in the field.work in the field.The The professor professor walked walked into into the the classroom,classroom,he he carried a bag of books with him.carried a bag of books with him.1 1.The The professor professor walked walked into into the the classroom classroom andand he carried a bag of books with him.he carried a bag of books with him.2.2.The The professor professor walked walked into into the the classroom classroom;he he carried a bag of books with him.carried a bag of books with him.3.3.The The professor,professor,whowho carried carried a a bag bag of of books,books,walked into the classroom,walked into the classroom,4.4.The The professor professor walked walked into into the the classroom,classroom,carryingcarrying a bag of books with him.a bag of books with him.5.5.The The professor professor walked walked into into the the classroom classroom with with a bag of books.a bag of books.句子的连贯句子的连贯Faulty:A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.Faulty:The idea he mentioned at first sounded good.1 1.A A man man is is judged judged not not only only by by what what he he sayssays but but also also by what he does.by what he does.2 2.A man is judged not only by.A man is judged not only by his wordshis words but but also by also by his deedshis deeds.1.The idea he 1.The idea he firstfirstfirstfirst mentioned sounded mentioned sounded good.good.2.The idea he mentioned sounded good 2.The idea he mentioned sounded good at at at at firstfirstfirstfirst.前后的一致、对等、平衡前后的一致、对等、平衡前后的一致、对等、平衡前后的一致、对等、平衡连贯性的要求是：句子前后之间要有照应，连贯性的要求是：句子前后之间要有照应，有衔接，思想的表达应该有序，清楚句有衔接，思想的表达应该有序，清楚句子与句子之间的过渡要符合逻辑，不能造子与句子之间的过渡要符合逻辑，不能造成歧义或矛盾成歧义或矛盾句子的简洁句子的简洁文字简洁文字简洁.如下面这些短语均可用括号中的词代替如下面这些短语均可用括号中的词代替:from:from time to time(often),draw a conclusion time to time(often),draw a conclusion(conclude),with anger(angrily),It is(conclude),with anger(angrily),It is clear thatclear that(clearly)(clearly)试比较下列改写的句子试比较下列改写的句子.Do Do you you know know the the man man who who is is speaking speaking at at the meeting?the meeting?Look Look out out for for cars cars while while you you are are crossing crossing the street?the street?Do you know the man Do you know the man speaking at the speaking at the meetingmeeting?Look out for cars while Look out for cars while crossing the crossing the streetstreet?2.2.避免使用同义词重复避免使用同义词重复.(.(如下面的这些句子如下面的这些句子,划线划线部分重复部分重复,应删掉应删掉).).1).He is blind in both eyes.1).He is blind in both eyes.He is blind in the left eye.He is blind in the left eye.2).In 2).In my my opinion,opinion,I I think think your your plan plan is is feasible.feasible.3).The 3).The desk desk is is round round in in shape shape and and red red in in color.color.4).I shall accompany my mother by going with 4).I shall accompany my mother by going with her to the market.her to the market.练习练习:改写下列句子改写下列句子,使其更简洁使其更简洁 1.1.He He gave gave many many reasons reasons for for the the failure,failure,but but the the reasons reasons he he gave gave were were not not convincing.convincing.2.2.The The Great Great Wall,Wall,which which has has a a history history of of more more than than 2000 2000 years,years,is is one one of of the the world world heritages.heritages.He gave many reasons for the failure,butHe gave many reasons for the failure,but none of them none of them was convincing.was convincing.The Great Wall The Great Wall with a history of more than with a history of more than 2000 years2000 years is one of the world heritages.is one of the world heritages.练习练习:改写下列句子改写下列句子,使其更简洁使其更简洁 3.3.He He attended attended the the party party though though he he was was badly ill.badly ill.4.4.Nie Nie Er,Er,who who is is the the composer composer of of the the National National Anthem Anthem for for the the PeoplePeoples s Republic Republic of of China,China,was was born born in in Yunnan Yunnan in February 1912.in February 1912.He attended the party He attended the party in spite of his in spite of his illnessillness.Nie Er,Nie Er,the composer of the National Anthem the composer of the National Anthem for the Peoplefor the Peoples Republic of Chinas Republic of China,was,was born in Yunnan in February 1912.born in Yunnan in February 1912.练习练习:改写下列句子改写下列句子,使其更简洁使其更简洁 5.He 5.He suggested suggested that that he he be be sent sent to to tend tend the sick.the sick.6.To my surprise,I was surprised to find 6.To my surprise,I was surprised to find no one there when I got there.no one there when I got there.7.A teacher who has experience should 7.A teacher who has experience should have an idea about what he should do in have an idea about what he should do in such a condition.such a condition.He suggested He suggested being sent to tend the sick.being sent to tend the sick.I was surprised I was surprised to find no one there to find no one there when I arrived.when I arrived.An experienced teacher An experienced teacher should know what to should know what to do in such a condition.do in such a condition.练习练习:改写下列句子改写下列句子,使其更简洁使其更简洁 8.Do you know the girl who is dressed in red?Do you know the girl _.9.The professor walked into the classroom and he carried a bag of books with him.The professor walked into the classroom,_.10.The man who is standing by the window is our teacher.The man_is our teacher.（dressed）in redcarrying a bag of books with himstanding by the window练习练习:改写下列句子改写下列句子,使其更简洁使其更简洁 11.We didnt know her telephone number,so we couldnt get in touch with her._,we couldnt get in touch with her.12.Johnson looked like a man who was wanted in Los Angeles for robbery.Johnson looked like a man _.13.We finally reached home at 10 pm,and we were tired and hungry.We finally reached home at 10 pm,_.Not knowing her telephone numberwanted in Los Angeles for robberytired and hungry段落段落(设计好一个段落设计好一个段落)一般说来一般说来,一个段落由三部分组成一个段落由三部分组成:主题主题句句,扩展句和结论句扩展句和结论句.主题句提出的论述的主题句提出的论述的主题主题,扩展句利用必要的细节对主题加以扩展句利用必要的细节对主题加以论证说明论证说明,结论句总结全文结论句总结全文,在论证的基础在论证的基础上得出结论上得出结论.这三者是段落的必要成分这三者是段落的必要成分,他他们相辅相成们相辅相成,构成一个完整的段落构成一个完整的段落.有些段有些段落还有过渡句落还有过渡句,它起到段与段之间的顺利过它起到段与段之间的顺利过渡渡.1.1.主题句主题句1)主题句的位置:请找出段落的主题句Smoking is harmful to your health.Experiment show that smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious disease cancer,smoking can also cause other health problems.For example,it gives one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or the terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?Albert Einstein,one of the worldAlbert Einstein,one of the worlds s greatest scientists,failed in his greatest scientists,failed in his university entrance exam on his first university entrance exam on his first attempt.William Faulkner,one of attempt.William Faulkner,one of AmericaAmericas famous writers,never s famous writers,never finished college because he could not finished college because he could not pass his English courses.Sir Winston pass his English courses.Sir Winston Churchill,who is considered one of the Churchill,who is considered one of the masters of the English language,was masters of the English language,was very poor in English during middle very poor in English during middle school.These few examples show that school.These few examples show that school does not always predict failure school does not always predict failure in life.in life.Karaok,which was invented by a Karaok,which was invented by a Japanese,one of the greatest wonders of Japanese,one of the greatest wonders of modern technology.Needless to say,modern technology.Needless to say,Karaok is a good way of rest.You can Karaok is a good way of rest.You can learn a new song easily.Itlearn a new song easily.Its also a s also a good way to make your friends happy.good way to make your friends happy.Nearly every body has a chance to be a Nearly every body has a chance to be a singing star.However,everything has singing star.However,everything has two sides,so does Karaok.Ittwo sides,so does Karaok.Its noisy s noisy to your neighbors.Besides,if you sing to your neighbors.Besides,if you sing badly,they will feel uncomfortable.In badly,they will feel uncomfortable.In fact,you are sure to make a sound fact,you are sure to make a sound pollution pollution 2)2)写好主题句写好主题句,有两条原则有两条原则1.1.主题句要明确主题句要明确,句中须有一个词句中须有一个词,词组词组,或从句或从句让读者一目了然本段的确切主题让读者一目了然本段的确切主题,明确本段的重明确本段的重点或观点点或观点.例如例如:This paragraph will talk:This paragraph will talk about birds.about birds.这句作为主题句就太笼统这句作为主题句就太笼统,不确切不确切.试比较以下几句试比较以下几句,下列几个主题句就确切地阐明下列几个主题句就确切地阐明了段落的主题了段落的主题:a.Birds have a great sense of direction.a.Birds have a great sense of direction.b.Pet owners prefer certain species of b.Pet owners prefer certain species of birds.birds.c.In my opinion,a bird makes a better pet c.In my opinion,a bird makes a better pet than a cat does.than a cat does.d.Birds are suffering from air-pollution.d.Birds are suffering from air-pollution.2.主题句要概括,它陈述你要说明的重点和观点,句中必须包含有可扩展主题的词,词组或从句.他应该是你将进一步表明你的态度和看法的概括.同时,主题句有利于控制作者本人的主题的扩展.例如:The young girl studied Chinese History.该主题句未能概括主题的要点,则不利于下面的扩展.最好增添一个词或一个短语来修改这个句子,以便顺利地展开你的主题.例如:a.The young girl eagerly studied Chinese History.b.The young girl studied Chinese History under a famous historian.c.The young girl found three reasons for studying Chinese History.2.2.下面各段没有主题句下面各段没有主题句,请根据全段内容拟定一请根据全段内容拟定一个主题句个主题句.1)_.For example teachers live by selling knowledge,philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money,it is very difficult to calculate the true value of services which people perform for us.The conditions of society are such that sills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at shop.Everyone has something to sell.Everyone lives by selling something.2)_.2)_.Before entering a house in Japan,it is a Before entering a house in Japan,it is a good manner to take off your shoes.In good manner to take off your shoes.In European countries even though shoes European countries even though shoes sometimes become very muddy,this is not sometimes become very muddy,this is not done.A guest in a Chinese house never done.A guest in a Chinese house never finishes a drink.He leaves a little to finishes a drink.He leaves a little to show that he has had enough.In a Malaysian show that he has had enough.In a Malaysian house,too,a guest leaves a little food.house,too,a guest leaves a little food.In England,a guest always finishes a drink In England,a guest always finishes a drink to show that he has enjoyed it.It seems to show that he has enjoyed it.It seems that manners in different countries are that manners in different countries are never the same.never the same.Different countries and different races have different Different countries and different races have different manners.manners.3)_.Fire can heat water,cook,give out light and keep your house warm.Sometimes,however,big fires can burn down houses and forests.For example,the big fire caused by Yuanming Palace,a famous palace in Qing Dynasty,ruined completely.So we must be very careful with matches,burning cigarettes,faulty electric appliances or unquenched(未扑灭的)fires Be careful with fire because it does not always do us Be careful with fire because it does not always do us good.good.扩展句扩展句 扩展句的作用是丰富扩展句的作用是丰富,支持支持,扩展扩展主题句的内涵主题句的内涵.他们是段落的血和肉他们是段落的血和肉.扩展句的表达形式是多种多样的扩展句的表达形式是多种多样的,可以可以按时间或空间顺序按时间或空间顺序,从整体到局部从局从整体到局部从局部到整体的方法叙述部到整体的方法叙述,描写描写,说明或议论说明或议论,也可用比较也可用比较,对比对比,比喻比喻,推导推导,归纳归纳,演演绎的手段来展现绎的手段来展现.单单一一性性:一一个个段段落落只只说说明明一一个个问问题题,讲讲述述一一件件事事,扩扩展展句句必必须须紧紧紧紧地地围围绕绕着着主主题题句句,不不偏偏离离中中心心思思想想.通常对扩展句的要求有两个通常对扩展句的要求有两个 :单一性和连贯性单一性和连贯性 找出一个违背单一性的句子找出一个违背单一性的句子.China has made great progress in reducing its China has made great progress in reducing its population growth.China has already cut its population growth.China has already cut its rate of population growth by about one half since rate of population growth by about one half since 1970.It is wrong of the western governments to 1970.It is wrong of the western governments to find fault with its policies of elimination of find fault with its policies of elimination of poverty.China now urges each family to have no poverty.China now urges each family to have no more than one child.And it hopes to reach zero more than one child.And it hopes to reach zero population growth
展开阅读全文