虚拟语气(公开课版)课件

虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念一.If虚拟条件句1.三种情况（现在，过去，将来）2.省略if的条件从句3.错综时间条件句二.动词wish后的宾语从句三.shouldhavedone表示的虚拟虚拟语气虚拟语气1、在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以do为例)：一、虚拟语气在一、虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中 从句从句 主句主句与现在事实相与现在事实相反反If+主语主语+过去式过去式(did)(be常用常用 were)主语主语+would/could/might/should +动词动词原形原形(do)与过去事实相与过去事实相反反If+主语主语+had done主语主语+would/could/might/should+have done与将来事实相与将来事实相反反 过去式过去式(did)If+主语主语+should+do were to do主语主语+would/could/might/should+动词动词原形（原形（do）If I were you,I would go at once.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。If it rained/were to rain/should raintomorrow,I would not come to see you.明天要是下雨的话，我就不来看你了。虚拟语气虚拟语气1.Alan_thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.Ifshehadworkedharder,she_.A.wouldsucceedB.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceedD.wouldhavesucceededExercises3.Ifit_toomuchtrouble,Idloveacupoftea.A.isntB.werentC.wasntD.hadntbeen4.Marydoesntwanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_ajobsheprobablywouldntbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.A.hastoget B.hadgotC.weretogetD.couldhavegot虚拟语气虚拟语气2、省略、省略 if 的条件从句的条件从句当从句中有were,had或should时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首。IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.WereItomeethimtomorrow,Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.ShouldhefailintheexperimentIfitshouldraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.Ifyouhadcomealittleearlier,youwouldhaveseenher.Ifyouweretosucceed,youwouldpleaseyourparents.=Shoulditraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.=Hadyoucomealittleearlier,youwouldhaveseenher.=Wereyoutosucceed,youwouldpleaseyourparents.虚拟语气虚拟语气3、错综时间的条件句、错综时间的条件句即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.如果他们(以前)努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。Ifhehadnottakenmyadvice,hewouldntdoitmuchbetterlikethis.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：1.IfIhadntstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you_now.A.wouldntbesmilingB.wontsmileC.couldnthavesmiledD.didntsmile2.Itwasthedrug，notthedisease，thatkilledtheboy.Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe_thatdrug.A.nottakeB.shouldnthavetakenC.didnttakeD.hadnttaken3.Ifyou_meearlier,you_sorrynow.A.hadlistenedto;wouldnthavebeenB.weretolistento;shouldnthavebeenC.hadlistenedto;wouldntbeD.listenedto;wouldntbe虚拟语气虚拟语气例句1.IwishIwere30yearsyounger.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。2.IwishIhadfollowedyouradvice.我要是早听你的劝告就好了。我要是早听你的劝告就好了。3.Iwishyouwouldgohikingwithmethisweekend.这个周末你要是能跟我去远足就好了。这个周末你要是能跟我去远足就好了。二、动词二、动词wish后的宾语从句后的宾语从句wish（that）+主语主语+过去式过去式wish（that）+主语主语+had donewish（that）+主语主语+would+动词原形动词原形1表示与现在事实相反的愿望2.表示与过去相反的愿望3.表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望wish（that）+主语主语+过去式（过去式（were）wish（that）+主语主语+had done +could have donewish（that）+主语主语+would/could/might+动词原形动词原形动词动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示不可能实后的宾语从句中，表示不可能实现的愿望，谓语动词有三种形式：现的愿望，谓语动词有三种形式：Iwishthathecouldhavecalledmeyesterday.我期望他昨天能给我打个电话。虚拟语气虚拟语气1.Iwishthisbus_totheuniversity.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgone2.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.hadshould have done 表示过去本应该做某事而没有做，表示过去本应该做某事而没有做，含批评、责备的语气。含批评、责备的语气。shouldnt have done 表示过去本不应该做某事却表示过去本不应该做某事却做了。做了。Youshouldhavegonetotheparty.你本应该去那个聚会的。（实际上没有去）Ishouldnthavewastedsomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.我本不应该浪费这么多时间玩电脑游戏。（实际上时间已浪费了）三、三、should have done1.ItoldTomhowtogetthere,butperhapsI_forhim.A.hadtowriteitoutB.shouldnthavewrittenitoutC.wouldhavewrittenitoutD.shouldhavewrittenitout单单项选择项选择1.What would have happened if you _ her child?A.hadnt helped B.couldnt help C.wouldnt help D.didnt help题干主句中用了题干主句中用了would have happened，可见是对过去情况的虚拟，所以可见是对过去情况的虚拟，所以if从句中应从句中应该用过去完成该用过去完成时。时。2.IfAlice_thisafternoon,themeetingwouldbeputoff.A.wouldnotcome B.mightnotcomeC.shouldnotcomeD.couldnotcome题干主句中用了题干主句中用了would be put off，且，且if从从句中有时间状语句中有时间状语this afternoon，可见本题，可见本题是对将来情况的虚拟，所以是对将来情况的虚拟，所以if从句中谓语动从句中谓语动词可以用三种表达：词可以用三种表达：1.过去式；过去式；2.were to do；3.should do 3.IfI_withherlastsummer,I_withhernow.A.worked;amgettingonverywellB.hadworked;wouldgetonverywellC.hadworked;wouldhavegotonverywellD.hadworked;willgetonverywell本题由本题由last summer可见可见if从句是对过去情从句是对过去情况的假设，由况的假设，由now可见主句是对现在情况可见主句是对现在情况的虚拟，所以的虚拟，所以if从句中谓语动词该用过去完从句中谓语动词该用过去完成时，主句谓语动词该用成时，主句谓语动词该用would do4._yourletter,Iwouldhavestartedofftwodaysago.A.IfIreceivedB.ShouldIreceiveC.IfIcouldhavereceivedD.HadIreceived由主句可见本题是对过去情况的假设，所以由主句可见本题是对过去情况的假设，所以if从句中谓语动词该用过去完成时，也可以从句中谓语动词该用过去完成时，也可以省略省略if，把，把had提前，用倒装的形式表提前，用倒装的形式表达。达。2 由由介词介词或或介词介词短语暗示的虚拟结短语暗示的虚拟结构构 without(没有没有)but for(要不是要不是)with otherwise 1.Without sunlight,or water or air,there _ no life on the earth.A will have B would be C can be D must be 2 But for the snow,we _ earlier.A will arrive B would have arrived C arrive D arrived 一个坚持一个坚持 两个命令两个命令 四个建议四个建议 四个要求四个要求 注：以上动词的名词形式用于同位语从句中，注：以上动词的名词形式用于同位语从句中，从句中的动词也是用从句中的动词也是用“(should)+动词原动词原形形”insist order,commandadvise,suggest,propose，recommenddemand,require,request,urge1.I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible.2.A finished B finishing 3.C to finish D finish 4.2 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be raised.5.A should B would6.C must D could3.My father did not go to New York;the doctor suggested that he _ there.A.not went B.wont go C.not go D.not to go4.The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven.A.must finish B.would be finished C.be finished D.must be finished5.The commander ordered that we _ work.A.must finish B.finished C.should finish D.could finishsuggest 当表示当表示“暗示、表暗示、表明明“讲时，讲时，insist 表示表示”坚持说坚持说“之意时，之意时，应用陈述语气。应用陈述语气。4.Janes pale face suggested that he _ ill.A be B was C should be D is5.He insists he _right.A.were B.was C.be D.is 用于表语、同位语、主语从句用于表语、同位语、主语从句在在suggestion/proposal/order/advice/request/demand 等名词后等名词后的表语和同位语从句中的表语和同位语从句中 要用要用“should动词原形动词原形”should可以省略可以省略2.It is suggested/ordered/requested/proposed/demanded that从句从句从句从句中的中的 谓语谓语 动动 词词用用should+动词动词原形原形，should 可以可以省略省略考题点击考题点击1.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable.A.try B.tries C.must try D.can try2 She made the demand that the journalists _at once for Iraq.A.leave B.leaving C.left D.to be leftWe are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _.A.should be put off B.was put off C.should put off D.is to put off五、虚拟语气在其他从句中五、虚拟语气在其他从句中1.It is(high/about)time that2.“到做到做-的时间了的时间了.”3.注意注意:should不能省略不能省略过去时should+V原.我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.15.Itishightimethechild_tothehospital.A.issentB.wouldbesentC.mustbesentD.weresent2.If only 引导的感叹句引导的感叹句“要是该有多好啊要是该有多好啊”If only I _(ask)the question nowIf only I _(see)the film yesterday!askedhad seen Its high time they_ this road.A.mend B.mended C.must have mended D.will mend If only I _ driving before.A.had learned B.learned C.learn D.would learn 1.判断是否虚拟判断是否虚拟2.判断虚拟类型判断虚拟类型3.判断虚拟时间判断虚拟时间一.If虚拟条件句1.三种情况（现在，过去，将来）2.省略if的条件从句3.错综时间条件句二.动词wish后的宾语从句三.shouldhavedone表示的虚拟1.虚拟语气练习卷虚拟语气练习卷2.课本课本41页页6，7题题