经典：英语语法：虚拟语气课件

The Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气Revision:形式情况形式情况 条条 件件 从从 句句 主主 句句 与过去事与过去事实相反实相反与现在事与现在事实相反实相反 与将来与将来事实相反事实相反 过去式过去式(be用用 were)would(should,could,might)+动词原形动词原形had+动词过去动词过去分词分词 would(should,could,might)+have+动词过动词过去分词去分词过去式过去式/should+动词原形动词原形/were to+动词原形动词原形 would(should,could,might)+动词原动词原形形（1）在动词）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词句通常省略连词that。1 1）表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式过去式或过去进行式或过去进行式（be动词一般用动词一般用were）。）。2 2）表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用）表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had过去分词过去分词”或或“would,could,might+have done”。（2）在主语在主语would rather that 宾语从句宾语从句中，中，从句谓语用从句谓语用过去式过去式表示表示现在现在或或将来将来，用，用过去过去完成式完成式表示与表示与过去事实相反过去事实相反 。2 2、虚拟语气在、虚拟语气在宾语从句宾语从句中的用法中的用法 （3）在表示提议、要求、命令、决定等在表示提议、要求、命令、决定等动词动词如如suggest,decide,require,request,demand,propose,insist,order等）等）后的宾语从句中谓语动词常用后的宾语从句中谓语动词常用“should+动词原形动词原形”。Should常被省略。常被省略。一个坚持（一个坚持（insist）,两个命令（两个命令（order,command）,三个建议（三个建议（suggest,advise,propose）,四个要求（四个要求（ask,demand request,require）1.He is not a pilot,but he wishes he _(be).2.I wish I _(meet)him yesterday.3.I wish it _(be)fine tomorrow.4.He ordered the work _(start)at once.5.Id rather you _(stay)at home all day today.were had met would be(should)be started stayedRevision:例例1 、If I were you,I to the cinema with her.(96)A.went B.have been C.had been D.would go【分析分析】通过通过if从句中谓语动词从句中谓语动词“I were”可判断出，该句是与现在事实相可判断出，该句是与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。主句用反的虚拟条件句。主句用“would+动词动词原形原形”。故选答案。故选答案D。D、试题详解、试题详解例例2 The doctor proposed that my brother his right hand.(97)A.avoid to use B.should avoid to useC.avoid using D.avoided using【分析分析】该题有两个考点，一是该题有两个考点，一是propose后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气动后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气动词形式，二是词形式，二是avoid一词后要用动名词一词后要用动名词作宾语。故选作宾语。故选C。例例3 Had you not helped me with my English,I to pass the final examination.A.might fail B.might have failed C.shall fail D.would fail【分析分析】当当if从句中有从句中有were,should和和had等词时，可以省略等词时，可以省略if，同时把同时把were,should,had放到主语前面形式倒装。从句放到主语前面形式倒装。从句中的中的hadnot helped表明该句是与过去事表明该句是与过去事实相反的假设，因此要选实相反的假设，因此要选B。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在主语从句主语从句中的用法中的用法 It is desired（suggested requested,ordered,demanded)+that;It is strange(necessary,possible,important,surprising,natural)+that;It is a pity(no wonder)+that 等结构后等结构后的主语从句中的谓语动词用的主语从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原动词原形，形，should常被省略。常被省略。例例:It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.他那样说话，令人吃惊。他那样说话，令人吃惊。It is strange that he(should)say so.真遗憾，你失去了这么好的机会。真遗憾，你失去了这么好的机会。It has been decided that the sports meet(should)be put off till next month.已经决定了把运动会推迟至下个月。已经决定了把运动会推迟至下个月。It is a pity that you(should)miss a good chance.高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。It is necessary that a high school student should master a foreign language.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从表语从句和同位语从句句的用法的用法 在在suggestion,proposal,order,idea,news,request,advice,demand,plan 等名词后面的表语等名词后面的表语从句中的谓语动词用从句中的谓语动词用should+动词动词原形原形，should常省略。常省略。例例 My suggestion is that we(should)do the experiment again.我的想法是在接受前仔细想想。我的想法是在接受前仔细想想。My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.My suggestion that we(should)do the experiment again is accepted by them.我的再做一次试验的建议被他们所采纳。我的再做一次试验的建议被他们所采纳。由由as if,as though 引导的状语从句表引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时和表语从句时，从句谓示比较或方式时和表语从句时，从句谓语形式为语形式为动词的过去式（动词的过去式（be用用were）或）或“had过去分词过去分词”。(和虚拟条件谓语和虚拟条件谓语动词形式一样动词形式一样)as if,as though在在状语状语从句和表语从从句和表语从句句的用法的用法He behaves as if he owned the house.(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.)eg:He treats me as if I were a stranger.eg:She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.It seems as if it _ already summer.看起来好象到夏天了。看起来好象到夏天了。were他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.他说起英语来好像他是个英国人似的。他说起英语来好像他是个英国人似的。They talked about the city as if they had been there before.他们谈论那座城市好像他们以前真去过那他们谈论那座城市好像他们以前真去过那儿似的。儿似的。注意：注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。语气。虚拟语气在某些虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用句型中的应用在在It is(high)time(that)的句型中，的句型中，定语从句的虚拟形式定语从句的虚拟形式常用过去式或常用过去式或should动词原形（动词原形（should不能省略）不能省略），表示，表示“现在该现在该”1、在、在It is(high)time(that)的句型中的句型中 我们该走了。我们该走了。It is time we left/should leave.【分分析析】It is(high)time that这这一一句句型型用用虚虚拟拟语语气气动动词词形形式式用用动动词词的的过过去去式式，表表示示“提提醒醒”或或“催催促促”等意。故选等意。故选D。例例 It is time we .(98)A.start B.to start C.starting D.started2、在、在If only 的句型中的句型中 if only表示一种假设情况，意思是表示一种假设情况，意思是“要是要是就好了就好了”，相当于主语，相当于主语wish。要是今天是星期天就好了。要是今天是星期天就好了。If only it were Sunday today.要是我没有丢掉我的车就好了要是我没有丢掉我的车就好了。If only I _my car.hadnt lost3.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词由的介词由with,without,but for等。等。What would you do with a million dollars?We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help.=if you had a million dollarsif we hadnt got your helpBut for rain,we would have finished the work.=If it hadnt been for the rain4.用在含有用在含有If it were not for或或If it had not been for 条件句中。条件句中。If it were not for the rain,the crops would die.If it had not been for your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.5.5.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是中并不总是出现出现if引导引导的条件句，而通过其他手段代的条件句，而通过其他手段代替条件句。替条件句。I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副词）（副词）He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.（连词）（连词）=If I had not been ill that day If he had not telephoned to informEverything taken into consideration,they would have raised their output quickly.A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.=If everything had been taken into consideration,they would have raised their output quickly.=If a man stopped drinking water,he would be dead in about seven days.定语从句定语从句:独立主格结构独立主格结构:E.Exercises1.It is strange that he _(make)such a mistake.Thats unexpected.2.It was required that each student _(bring)enough food on the trip.3.My demand is that you _(get)up at six.4.Even if he _(be)here,he couldnt solve the problem.5.Without air,there _(be)no living things.should make bring(should)get werewould be1.Our teacher insisted that we _ in class.A.no talk B.dont talk C.could not talk D.should not talk2.It is suggested that the experiment _ made in another way.A.be B.must be C.may be D.would be3.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.A.drove;didnt get B drove;wouldnt get C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got4.I do _ I could give you a hand.A.hope B.wish C.expect D.think5.His doctor suggested that he_ a short trip abroad.A.will take B.would take C.take D.took6.I enjoyed the movie very much.I wish I _ the book from which it was made.A.have read B.had read C.should have read D.am reading7.I would rather she _ tomorrow than today.A.come B.cameC.should come D.has come8.Its necessary that you _ be present at the meeting.A.should B.could C.may D.will1.1.如果你用功的话，你上学期考试就不会如果你用功的话，你上学期考试就不会不及格了。不及格了。2.2.如果明天下雨，会议就推迟。如果明天下雨，会议就推迟。3.如果他早点出发，他现在已到家了。如果他早点出发，他现在已到家了。If you had studied harder,you would not have failed in the exam last term.If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off.Homework :If he had set out earlier,he would be home now.