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主动语态被动语态(be+p.p.)一般现在一般过去一般将来过去将来现在进行过去进行现在完成过去完成不定式含情态动词S+V/VsS+V edS+will+V S+would+V S+is/am/are+VingS+was/were+VingS+has/have+p.p.S+had+p.p.to do 情态动词+Vhad been +p.p.has/have been +p.p.was/were being +p.p.is/am/are being +p.p.would be+p.p.will be +p.p.was/were+p.p.to be done is/am/are+p.p.情态动词+be+p.p.主动语态被动语态(be+p.p.)一般现在一般过去一般将二、动词的各种时态的用法 1、一般现在时的用法表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的壮态。与often,always,usually,sometimes,once a week,every day等连用。表示客观事实或普遍真理。在时间、条件等状语从句中，If when before after until as soon as unless二、动词的各种时态的用法 1、一2、一般过去时（1）一般过去时的构成：一般过去时用动词过去式表示。写出下列动词的过去式。ask _ stop_ go_ live_Beg_ take_ need_ carry_ make_ hope_ study_ have _ arrive_ do_ come_(2)一般过去时的用法表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。和过去时连用的时间状语有：last night,yesterday,last week,some years ago,in 1995,in the past,the other day,at that time,just now 等。表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作 When I was in the countryside,I often swam in the river.（过去常常做某事也可用used to do sth.来表示）askedaskedstoppedstoppedwentwentlivedlivedbeggedbeggedtooktookneededneededcarriedcarriedmademadehopedhopedstudiedstudiedhadhadarrivedarriveddiddidcamecame2、一般过去时（1）一般过去时的构成：一般过去时用动词过去式3、一般将来时will+V（1）表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow,next week,in a few days,next Sunday,in+一段时间等。（2）be going to动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定很可能发生的事。（3）be doing 表示将来常用这种结构的动词有：go,come,leave,stay,start,begin 等，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。（4）“be about to动词原形”和“be to+动词原形”结构表示即将发生的动作。3、一般将来时will+V（1）表示将来发生的动作或存在4、现在进行时（1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作 is/am/are+Ving（2）时间状语now,look,listen 4、现在进行时（1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作5、现在完成时（1）表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Have you had your lunch yet？你吃过午饭了吗？-Yes,I have.Ive just had it.是的，我刚吃过。（说明现在饱了）I have lost my pen.我把钢笔弄丢了。（过去某时丢的，现在还没有找到。）5、现在完成时（1）表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在请大家认真分析比较下列各例句：请大家认真分析比较下列各例句：I saw this film yesterday.I have seen this film.She has returned from Paris.She returned yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）（强调看的动作发生过了。）（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）（她已从巴黎回来了。人现在一定不在巴黎（她已从巴黎回来了。人现在一定不在巴黎.）（她是昨天回来了。这个事发生在昨天（她是昨天回来了。这个事发生在昨天,现现在的情况不清楚在的情况不清楚.）请大家认真分析比较下列各例句：（强调看的动作发生过了。）（强注意：already,yet 常和现在完成时连用，already 用于肯定句。Yet 用在疑问句/否定句中常放在句末。I have already finished my homework.否定句一般疑问句 I havent finished my homework yet.Have you finished your homework yet?already,yet,just,ever,never,so far,recently,in the past 3 years,beforeI have already finished my hom（3 3）have been(to)have been(to)和和和和have gone(to)have gone(to)的区别：的区别：的区别：的区别：have/has been(to)表示表示“曾经去过曾经去过”某地，说某地，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。have/has gone(to)表示某人表示某人“已经去了已经去了”某地，某地，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。试比较：试比较：试比较：试比较：他曾去过北京。他曾去过北京。他已经去了北京。他已经去了北京。He has been to Beijing.He has gone to Beijing.（人已回来，可能在这儿）（人已回来，可能在这儿）（人已走，不在这儿）。（人已走，不在这儿）。（3）have been(to)和have gone(（2）表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常和for,since 连用，用延续性动词。We have lived here since 2000.I have learnt English for three years.How long.?（2）表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续 短暂性动词延续性动词死die买buy借borrow/lend来come/arrive/reach去go/leave开始begin/start结束finish参加join成为become打开open关闭close.be dead be in be a member of be a memberbe overbe open be closedbe in be away(from)be onbe have keep (3)延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法 非持续性动词不可和一段时间 连用。我离开这所学校已经八年了。Ive left this school for eight years.他借用我的词典已两天了。He has borrowed my dictionary for two days.(for,since,how long)Ive been away from this school for eight years.He has kept my dictionary for two days.(for,since,how long)Ive 我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了.We have had the book for three years.We bought the book three years ago.一般过去时态和现在完一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同意句成时态可以构成同意句We have had the book since three years ago.我们买这本书三年了.We have had the book3.自从上星期我借的这本书自从上星期我借的这本书 I have kept the book since last week/for one week.4.我成为一个学生两年多了我成为一个学生两年多了.I have been a student for over two years/since two years ago.I borrowed the book last week.I became a student two years ago.5.Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years/since 3 years ago.Mr Black died three years ago.3.自从上星期我借的这本书 I have kept th6.小名参军半年了。小名参军半年了。Xiao Ming has been in the army for half a year.Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.7.下课下课10分钟了分钟了 The class has been over for ten minutes.9.电影开始了一小时了电影开始了一小时了 The film has been on for an hour.6.小名参军半年了。Xiao Ming has been i注：含延续性动词的现在完成时的同义句转换。注：含延续性动词的现在完成时的同义句转换。She has worked for ten years.She began to work ten years agoShe has worked since ten years ago.It is ten years since she began to workTen years has passed since she began to work注：含延续性动词的现在完成时的同义句转换。She began7.过去将来时(would+V)指对过去的某一个时间来讲，将要发生的动作.常用在宾语从句中。He would go to the park the next day.He said he would work hard next term.表示曾经打算或准备要做的动作，用were/was going to+动词原形.I thought it was going to rain soon.go,come ,leave ,arrive,start 等动词，其过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。7.过去将来时(would+V)指对过去的某一个时间8.过去完成时(had+p.p.)指的是到过去某个时间已经完成的动作或状态。概括地说就是“过去的过去”she had borrowed a book before she went to the park yesterday.We had learned 5,000 words by the end of last term.昨天,她去公园前借了本书.到上学期末为止,我们已经学了5,000个单词.go borrowlast termlearnThe train had been away for 10 minutes when I got to the station.当我到达车站的时候,火车已经开了10分钟了.get toleavebe away8.过去完成时(had+p.p.)指的是到
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