理解英语语法教学课件

理解英语语法理解英语语法51、没有哪个社会可以制订一部永远适用的宪法，甚至一条永远适用的法律。杰斐逊52、法律源于人的自卫本能。英格索尔53、人们通常会发现，法律就是这样一种的网，触犯法律的人，小的可以穿网而过，大的可以破网而出，只有中等的才会坠入网中。申斯通54、法律就是法律它是一座雄伟的大夏，庇护着我们大家；它的每一块砖石都垒在另一块砖石上。高尔斯华绥55、今天的法律未必明天仍是法律。罗伯顿关于动词关于动词n初学英语难点之一是动词，它分为很多种：联系动词、及物、不及物、助动词、情态动词等。n考试的重点之一是非谓语动词，即ing分词、ed分词和todo不定式，n谓语动词要分清时态和语态。n非谓语可以作除了谓语之外的任何成分：主语宾语表语定语状语补语同位语。需要注意的问题n当各种成分组合在一起构成句子的时候，就要考虑主主语和谓谓语的一致一致，即名词或代词的单复数及性质；与谓语动词的形式搭配；n谓语动词的各种时态（现在、过去、将时态（现在、过去、将来）（一般、进行、完成）来）（一般、进行、完成）；n动作与名词间的主动或被动主动或被动关系(语态语态)等。找出下列句子中主谓一致的部分nTomisanaccountant.Wearepainters.Ourpart-timejobistofeedpets.nIlikeEnglishsongs.Heprefersliteratureworks.Butwerebothfondofbasketball.nThehouseliesalongtheriver.Itwasbuiltin1990.Wellrebuilditinthefuture.简单句的基本句型1.主语主语系动词系动词表语表语Iamhappy/astudent(ofthisclass)/inAnqing,Anhui.Hefeltdisappointedatthatmoment.n常见系动词有：常见系动词有：be,become,turn,get/grow/go,come/fall(变得)，hold/keep/stand/stay(保持)，seem(似乎是),appear(显得),remain(仍然是),smell，sound，taste，look，feel简单句的基本句型n2.主语+不及物动词Icanswim.Itisrainingnow.Thetwomarried/gotmarried.简单句的基本句型3.主语+及物动词+宾语Heiswritinganovel.BettypracticesdoingmoreexercisestoimproveherEnglish.Iliketakingrisks.简单句的基本句型4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语Mymumboughtmeabirthdaypresent.Shealsogavemesomeadviceonmybirthday.接双宾语的及物动词有：give,bring,tell,send,leave,pass,read,write,take,show,teach,get,award,lend,rent,buy,pay,hand,recommend简单句的基本句型5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语宾语补补足语足语(合称复合宾语）合称复合宾语）MrGreenpaintedthebookcasepink.Wewillsurelyproveittrue.常见的接复合宾语的及物动词有常见的接复合宾语的及物动词有：find,get,have,make,let,imagine,keep,start,appoint,believe,call,catch,allow,ask,cause,consider,expect,elect,know,tell,think,want,wish,watch,see,notice,lookat,listento,hear,smell,feel并列句1.表示并列关系的连词表示并列关系的连词：and,aswellas,notonlybutalso,bothand,neithernornTherewasabigstormaftermidnightandtherainpoureddown.nPipisnotonlyacharacter;healsotellsthestoryofGreat Expectation.nJimplaysfootballandsodoeshisbrother.nOn(the)onehand,Imyourteacher,ontheotherhand,Imyourstudent.2.表示转折表示转折表示转折意义的连词：表示转折意义的连词：but,still,however，yet,while(而，然而而，然而),whereas(而而),nevertheless(然而然而)nOnecannotseewind,however,itdoesexist.nSomeexperimentsaredifficultwhileothersareeasy.nHewasjustgoingtospeak,whenthebellrang.3.表示选择表示选择常由常由or,either.or,otherwise等连词引导等连词引导nHurryup,oryoullmissthetrain.nImustworkmuchharder,otherwiseIcannotcatchupwiththeotherclassmates.nEitheryouarewrong,orIam.4.表示因果：常由表示因果：常由so,for,therefore等连词引导等连词引导nAugustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.nTheoilmustbeout,forthelamphasgoneout.nItwasraining,thereforeweremainedathome.注意：注意：1.用用and,aswellas,neither(nor)连接并列句时，某连接并列句时，某些重复的成分常被省略。些重复的成分常被省略。nWemuststudyEnglishandthey(study)German.nHeoftengoestothemuseumaswellas(heoftengoes)totheconcert.2.用用so,neither(或或nor)代替前句中出现的句子成分时代替前句中出现的句子成分时与需要倒装。与需要倒装。nHelikestostudyEnglish,sodoI.nIhaventseethefilm,neitherhashe.5.表示条件或结果表示条件或结果常由常由and，or等连词引导等连词引导nOnestepmoreandyouwillbeadeadman.nHurryup,oryoullmisstheplane.复合句简单句中添加成分,使句子所提供的信息更多,表达更生动，抑或将某个成分表述成从句，简单句就变成了主从复合句。如：nWhatmakesparentshappyisthattheirchildrenleadahappylife.(主系表)nHeknows(that)thesunrisesfromeast.(主谓宾)nWhenIwasalittlechild,mymotheroftentoldmeastoryatsleepingtime.(主语+双宾)谓语动词是及物动词可以有被动语态,主语和宾语位置互换，动词形式be+done，对应原句的时态，其它成分不变。例如：例如：Anovelisbeingwrittenbyhim.(现在进行时)Iwasgivenagiftonmybirthday(bymymum).（一般过去时）或Agiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday(bymymum).Itwillbeprovedtrue(byus).（一般将来时）比较：IhavebeenlearningEnglishfor30years/sinceIwasaprimaryschoolstudent.StephenhasbeeninChinasince2005/hewenttoBeijingforthefirsttime.-Whereisourprofessor?-Hewasherejustnow.Mayhehasgonetothelabforhisexperiment.感叹句nHow+adj.+a/an+n.+主语+谓语！nHow+adj./adv+主语+谓语！nHow+主语+谓语！nWhat+名词+主语+谓语！nWhat+a/an+adj.+n.+主语+谓语！nWhat+adj.+n.(pl)+主语+谓语！nWhat+adj.+Un.+主语+谓语！祈使句n祈使句祈使句一般以动词的原形开头，表示命一般以动词的原形开头，表示命令，要求，请求或劝告等。令，要求，请求或劝告等。n动词祈使式与动词原形形式相同，但没动词祈使式与动词原形形式相同，但没有时态和复数的词形变化。有时态和复数的词形变化。n祈使句一般用降调。祈使句一般用降调。一一.句子句子结构结构 1.肯定结构及强调形式。(1)Stand up.(2)_ be careful.(3)_ work hard.(4)Lets help you,shall we?DoDo2.否定结构。(1)_/_ stand up.DontNever(2)Let s help you.Lets not do sth.=Dont lets do sth.Let me not do sth.=Dont let me do sth.3.带主语（呼语）的祈使句(1)有时为了强调对方，祈使句钱也可加主语you，这时 you总是重读，以加强语气。eg.You do it right away.eg.You be quiet.否定的祈使句里也可用主语you eg.You open the door.you open the door.Donteg.Dont you be late again.eg.You forget it.Dont you forget it.例 1-Alice,you feed the bird today,_?(NMET 1999)-But I fed it yesterday.A.do you B.will you C.didnt you D.dont you 例 2 -Sorry,Joe.I didnt mean to-Dont call me“Joe”.Im Mr.Parker to you,and _ you forget it!(NMET 2003)A.do B.didnt C.did D.dont高考题:含有一个带有主语的祈使句。Someone open the door.Someone opens the door.(祈使句加主语。强调)（非祈使句）(2)还有一种祈使句，主语用的三人称。这种主语必须重 读，以加强语气。eg.Everybody stand up,please.eg.Somebody fetch a basin of water.eg.Parents with children go to the front.eg.Dont anyone behave like that.eg.Dont anyone open the window.4.无动祈使句。(1)副词+with介词短语eg.Out with it!有话尽管说！eg.Away with them!(2)None of 介词短语eg.None of that!不要那样！eg.None of your nonsense!不要胡说八道！eg.None of your little games!不要耍你那套把戏！(3)n./pron.+adv.eg.Full speed ahead!eg.Eyes left(right)!向左/右看齐！eg.Hands up!eg.Hands off!勿动手！eg.This side up!eg.Caps off!eg.All aboard!请各位上车（船/飞机）(4)No+n./v-ing+其他（通常用在揭示语中）eg.No litter!不要乱丢果皮纸屑！eg.No spitting!eg.No scribbling on the wall!不准在墙上涂写！eg.No parking between 9 a.m.and 6 p.m.二.反意疑问句。1.Lets go home,_?Let us go home,_?shall wewill you 2.Let me help you,_？Let him wait for you,_?will youwill you3.-Shall we have a party?-OK,_?A.Lets B.Let us.3.A moment _ I will give you your money.*(无动祈使句)and2._(have)confidence in your own _ you will fail everything.HaveorHave1._(have)belief in your own _ you will achieve your goal.=If you have belief in your own and三.祈使句+and/or/otherwise/or else并列句=If条件句 56、书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过去和未来文化生活的源泉。库法耶夫57、生命不可能有两次，但许多人连一次也不善于度过。吕凯特58、问渠哪得清如许，为有源头活水来。朱熹59、我的努力求学没有得到别的好处，只不过是愈来愈发觉自己的无知。笛卡儿60、生活的道路一旦选定，就要勇敢地走到底，决不回头。左拉