肌痉挛及处理课件

This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.概述概述定义：定义：痉挛是中枢神经系统损害后出现的痉挛是中枢神经系统损害后出现的肌肉张力异常增高的症候群，是一种由牵肌肉张力异常增高的症候群，是一种由牵张反射兴奋性增高所致的、以速度依赖的张反射兴奋性增高所致的、以速度依赖的紧张性牵张反射亢进为特征的运动功能障紧张性牵张反射亢进为特征的运动功能障碍。痉挛的速度依赖是指伴随肌肉牵伸速碍。痉挛的速度依赖是指伴随肌肉牵伸速度的增加，肌肉痉挛的程度也增高。度的增加，肌肉痉挛的程度也增高。概述定义：痉挛是中枢神经系统损害后出现的肌肉张力异常增高的1This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.概述概述原因：原因：中枢神经系统损害后均可出现痉挛。中枢神经系统损害后均可出现痉挛。但临床上痉挛多见于脑卒中、脊髓损伤、但临床上痉挛多见于脑卒中、脊髓损伤、脊髓病变、脑瘫和多发性硬化症等。脊髓病变、脑瘫和多发性硬化症等。概述原因：中枢神经系统损害后均可出现痉挛。但临床上痉挛多见2This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.概述痉挛导致的临床问题：痉挛导致的临床问题：痉挛是一种病理生理痉挛是一种病理生理状态。它对患者的影响包括：状态。它对患者的影响包括：增加运动的阻力，使随意运动难以完成；增加运动的阻力，使随意运动难以完成；由于阻力增加，运动迟缓，难以控制，难以完由于阻力增加，运动迟缓，难以控制，难以完成精巧的动作；成精巧的动作；由于反应迟钝，动作协调困难，容易摔倒；由于反应迟钝，动作协调困难，容易摔倒；强直痉挛，不便护理，容易发生压疮等并发症；强直痉挛，不便护理，容易发生压疮等并发症；影响步态和日常生活活动。影响步态和日常生活活动。概述痉挛导致的临床问题：痉挛是一种病理生理状态。它对患者的3This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.被动护理障碍被动护理障碍4This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.肌痉挛及处理课件5This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的生理病理基础痉挛的生理病理基础肌梭：肌肉由许多肌纤维组成，其中一部份特肌梭：肌肉由许多肌纤维组成，其中一部份特异化的肌纤维形成肌梭。肌梭是一种感受器，异化的肌纤维形成肌梭。肌梭是一种感受器，受受运动神经元支配，对肌肉的牵拉刺激敏感，运动神经元支配，对肌肉的牵拉刺激敏感，肌肉收缩时肌梭被缩短。肌梭中有两种感觉纤肌肉收缩时肌梭被缩短。肌梭中有两种感觉纤维，一种对肌肉的维，一种对肌肉的运动速度运动速度敏感，另一种对敏感，另一种对肌肌肉的长度肉的长度敏感。二者都能发出反馈信息，通过敏感。二者都能发出反馈信息，通过兴奋或抑制脊髓兴奋或抑制脊髓运动神经元，控制主动肌、运动神经元，控制主动肌、协同肌、拮抗肌的活动，限制肌肉的过度活动，协同肌、拮抗肌的活动，限制肌肉的过度活动，保证动作的协调。保证动作的协调。痉挛的生理病理基础肌梭：肌肉由许多肌纤维组成，其中一部份特异6This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的生理病理基础痉挛的生理病理基础脊髓前角运动神经元脊髓前角运动神经元:脊髓前角运动神经元脊髓前角运动神经元分为大型的分为大型的运动神经元和小型的运动神经元和小型的运动神经元。运动神经元。前者发出纤维支配骨骼肌肌纤维，引起骨骼肌的前者发出纤维支配骨骼肌肌纤维，引起骨骼肌的收缩。后者支配肌梭内的梭内肌纤维，调节肌纤收缩。后者支配肌梭内的梭内肌纤维，调节肌纤维张力，对保持肌张力起着重要的作用。维张力，对保持肌张力起着重要的作用。脊髓脊髓上和脊髓传入的各种兴奋和抑制信号，最后均进上和脊髓传入的各种兴奋和抑制信号，最后均进入脊髓前角运动神经元，称为最后公共通路。一入脊髓前角运动神经元，称为最后公共通路。一定数量信号的传入，兴奋和抑制的相对平衡决定定数量信号的传入，兴奋和抑制的相对平衡决定了运动神经元何时活动及活动的比例。每一个运了运动神经元何时活动及活动的比例。每一个运动神经元的放电都向下传导到运动终板，结果产动神经元的放电都向下传导到运动终板，结果产生运动单位的收缩。生运动单位的收缩。痉挛的生理病理基础脊髓前角运动神经元:脊髓前角运动神经7This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的生理病理基础痉挛的生理病理基础脊髓前角运动神经元脊髓前角运动神经元:自主性脊髓上传自主性脊髓上传入、反射性脊髓或脊髓上传入，或两者的入、反射性脊髓或脊髓上传入，或两者的联合作用，都可引起运动神经元的放电及联合作用，都可引起运动神经元的放电及引起肌肉收缩。引起肌肉收缩。痉挛就是来自节段上的痉挛就是来自节段上的传入信号部分或全部地减弱，脊髓或脊髓传入信号部分或全部地减弱，脊髓或脊髓下反射兴奋过度的结果。下反射兴奋过度的结果。痉挛的生理病理基础脊髓前角运动神经元:自主性脊髓上传入8This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的生理病理基础痉挛的生理病理基础锥体外系：锥体外系：前额叶的辅助运动皮层、扣带前额叶的辅助运动皮层、扣带回、顶叶后中央回发出的皮质回、顶叶后中央回发出的皮质脊髓通路为脊髓通路为锥体外系。锥体外系的功能主要是调节肌锥体外系。锥体外系的功能主要是调节肌张力、协调各个肌肉的运动。锥体外系的张力、协调各个肌肉的运动。锥体外系的活动是在锥体系主导下进行的，但锥体外活动是在锥体系主导下进行的，但锥体外系也为锥体系提供了最适宜的行使功能的系也为锥体系提供了最适宜的行使功能的条件，只有在锥体外系使肢体保持稳定并条件，只有在锥体外系使肢体保持稳定并赋予肌肉适宜张力和协调的情况下，锥体赋予肌肉适宜张力和协调的情况下，锥体系才能执行精确的随意运动。系才能执行精确的随意运动。痉挛的生理病理基础锥体外系：前额叶的辅助运动皮层、扣带回、9This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的生理病理基础痉挛的生理病理基础牵张反射：牵张反射：是指肌肉受到牵拉后肌肉出现反射性是指肌肉受到牵拉后肌肉出现反射性收缩。牵张反射是脊髓反射，脊髓在失去高级神收缩。牵张反射是脊髓反射，脊髓在失去高级神经中枢控制后，牵张反射增强。从大脑皮质到脊经中枢控制后，牵张反射增强。从大脑皮质到脊髓的任何上运动神经元发生损伤都可能出现痉挛，髓的任何上运动神经元发生损伤都可能出现痉挛，但痉挛的性质依损伤的部位不同而异，如皮质或但痉挛的性质依损伤的部位不同而异，如皮质或内囊病变时，皮质对运动的下行抑制作用丧失，内囊病变时，皮质对运动的下行抑制作用丧失，而脑干脊髓束对运动的下行指令可能异常活跃，而脑干脊髓束对运动的下行指令可能异常活跃，牵张反射增强。若脊髓颈段受到横断性伤害时，牵张反射增强。若脊髓颈段受到横断性伤害时，通路该处的各条通路对运动的控制作用全部丧失，通路该处的各条通路对运动的控制作用全部丧失，运动神经元对外周的敏感性增高，均可导致牵张运动神经元对外周的敏感性增高，均可导致牵张反射增强，引起痉挛。反射增强，引起痉挛。痉挛的生理病理基础牵张反射：是指肌肉受到牵拉后肌肉出现反射10This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.牵张反射（stretch reflex）：人和动物的躯体运动和姿势维持受神经系统调控，其基本机制之一就是牵张反射，它是指骨骼肌在受到外力牵拉时引起受牵拉的同一肌肉收缩的反射活动。牵张反射的反射弧为：感受器（肌梭、腱梭）传入神经中枢（脊髓前角a运动神经元）传出神经效应器（同一肌肉的梭外肌）。牵张反射有腱反射和肌紧张两种类型。牵张反射（stretch reflex）：人和动物的躯体运动11This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.肌痉挛及处理课件12This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.Ia/IIIb -s-dIa/IIIb-s-d13This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.肌痉挛及处理课件14This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.肌痉挛及处理课件15This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的评定痉挛的评定1改良改良Ashworth分级法分级法 ：是临床上评定：是临床上评定痉挛的主要方法。手法检查是检查者根据痉挛的主要方法。手法检查是检查者根据受试者关节被动运动时所感受的阻力来进受试者关节被动运动时所感受的阻力来进行分级评定（行分级评定（1末，末，+半，半，2大，大，3全，全，4僵）。僵）。2.生物力学评定方法生物力学评定方法 包括钟摆试验和等速包括钟摆试验和等速装置评定方法。装置评定方法。痉挛的评定1改良Ashworth分级法：是临床上评定痉挛16This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.ClonusClonus分级分级0 0 无踝阵挛无踝阵挛1 1 踝阵挛持续踝阵挛持续1-4s1-4s2 2 持续持续5-9s5-9s3 3 持续持续10-14s10-14s4 4 持续持续15s15s痉挛的评定痉挛的评定Clonus分级痉挛的评定17This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的治疗痉挛的治疗1、治疗目的、治疗目的 ：缓解肌痉挛，提高或恢复：缓解肌痉挛，提高或恢复患者的运动能力和日常生活活动能力。患者的运动能力和日常生活活动能力。痉挛的治疗1、治疗目的：缓解肌痉挛，提高或恢复患者的运动能18This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的治疗痉挛的治疗2.治疗方法治疗方法(1)解除诱因解除诱因 ：一些痉挛与各种外界刺激有关，：一些痉挛与各种外界刺激有关，因此在治疗前要尽量消除诱发肌痉挛的因素，如因此在治疗前要尽量消除诱发肌痉挛的因素，如发热、结石、尿路感染、压疮、疼痛、便秘和加发热、结石、尿路感染、压疮、疼痛、便秘和加重肌痉挛的药物等。通常诱因解除后，肌痉挛会重肌痉挛的药物等。通常诱因解除后，肌痉挛会有明显减轻。有明显减轻。痉挛的治疗2.治疗方法(1)解除诱因：一些痉挛与各种19This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的治疗痉挛的治疗2.治疗方法治疗方法(2)姿势和体位姿势和体位 ：某些姿势和体位可减轻肌痉挛。：某些姿势和体位可减轻肌痉挛。患者应从急性期开始采取抗痉挛的良姿体位，可患者应从急性期开始采取抗痉挛的良姿体位，可使异常增高的肌张力得到抑制，如脑血管意外、使异常增高的肌张力得到抑制，如脑血管意外、颅脑外伤的急性期采取卧位抗痉挛模式体位，可颅脑外伤的急性期采取卧位抗痉挛模式体位，可减轻肌痉挛；脊髓损伤患者利用斜板床站立，也减轻肌痉挛；脊髓损伤患者利用斜板床站立，也可减轻下肢肌痉挛。脑瘫患儿的正确抱姿等。可减轻下肢肌痉挛。脑瘫患儿的正确抱姿等。痉挛的治疗2.治疗方法20This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的治疗痉挛的治疗（3）物理治疗）物理治疗 1）冷疗法）冷疗法 ：用冰敷或冰水浸泡痉挛肢体：用冰敷或冰水浸泡痉挛肢体510s，可使肌痉挛产生一过性放松。，可使肌痉挛产生一过性放松。2）水疗：）水疗：水压对肌肉持久的压迫与按摩有利于水压对肌肉持久的压迫与按摩有利于肌痉挛的缓解。室温保持在肌痉挛的缓解。室温保持在25 ，水温宜在，水温宜在30左左右。右。痉挛的治疗（3）物理治疗 1）冷疗法：用冰敷或冰水浸泡痉21This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的治疗痉挛的治疗（3）物理治疗）物理治疗3）温热疗法）温热疗法 ：各种传导热（如蜡、砂、泥等）、：各种传导热（如蜡、砂、泥等）、辐射热（红外线）及内生热（超短波）辐射热（红外线）及内生热（超短波）4）痉挛肌及其对抗肌的交替电刺激疗法：）痉挛肌及其对抗肌的交替电刺激疗法：是将是将波宽和频率相同，但出现的时间有先、后的两组波宽和频率相同，但出现的时间有先、后的两组方波，分别刺激痉挛肌及其拮抗肌，使两者交替方波，分别刺激痉挛肌及其拮抗肌，使两者交替收缩，利用交互抑制和高尔基腱器兴奋引起的抑收缩，利用交互抑制和高尔基腱器兴奋引起的抑制，以对抗痉挛。制，以对抗痉挛。痉挛的治疗（3）物理治疗22This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.23低频脉冲低频脉冲痉挛肌及其拮抗肌交替电刺激疗法痉挛肌及其拮抗肌交替电刺激疗法利用两组脉冲电流，利用两组脉冲电流，先后分别刺激痉挛肌先后分别刺激痉挛肌和拮抗肌肌腹和拮抗肌肌腹，以达到，以达到松弛痉挛肌松弛痉挛肌的治疗的治疗方法。方法。刺激痉挛肌，张力感受器兴奋，刺激痉挛肌，张力感受器兴奋，反射性抑制痉反射性抑制痉挛挛；刺激拮抗肌，通过刺激拮抗肌，通过交互抑制交互抑制，使痉挛肌松弛。，使痉挛肌松弛。适应证：适应证：痉挛性瘫痪痉挛性瘫痪、帕金森病等。、帕金森病等。禁忌证：禁忌证：肌萎缩侧索硬化症、多发性硬化肌萎缩侧索硬化症、多发性硬化进展期等。进展期等。拮抗肌拮抗肌痉挛肌痉挛肌28/8523低频脉冲痉挛肌及其拮抗肌交替电刺激疗法利用两组脉冲电This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.肌痉挛及处理课件24This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的治疗痉挛的治疗（4）运动治疗：）运动治疗：运动疗法包括主动运动、被运动疗法包括主动运动、被动运动和按摩等手法治疗。动运动和按摩等手法治疗。主动运动痉挛肌的拮抗肌，产生交互性抑主动运动痉挛肌的拮抗肌，产生交互性抑制作降低肌痉挛。如肱二头肌痉挛可练习肱三制作降低肌痉挛。如肱二头肌痉挛可练习肱三头肌的主动和抗阻收缩；头肌的主动和抗阻收缩；被动运动时也可结合某些反射机制来降低被动运动时也可结合某些反射机制来降低肌张力，如被动屈曲足趾可降低肌张力；肌张力，如被动屈曲足趾可降低肌张力；深而持久的肌肉按摩，或温和地被动牵张深而持久的肌肉按摩，或温和地被动牵张痉挛肌，可降低肌张力。痉挛肌，可降低肌张力。痉挛的治疗（4）运动治疗：运动疗法包括主动运动、被动运动和25This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的治疗痉挛的治疗（5）抑制异常反射性模式）抑制异常反射性模式 ：应用各种神：应用各种神经发育治疗技术对患侧肢体出现的不同程经发育治疗技术对患侧肢体出现的不同程度的异常反射性模式进行抑制，可缓解痉度的异常反射性模式进行抑制，可缓解痉挛。如对于脑血管意外患者出现的痉挛，挛。如对于脑血管意外患者出现的痉挛，可通过可通过Bobath技术、技术、Rood技术以及技术以及PNF技术技术抑制痉挛模式，调整肌张力，以建立正确抑制痉挛模式，调整肌张力，以建立正确的姿势模式和功能活动模式。的姿势模式和功能活动模式。痉挛的治疗（5）抑制异常反射性模式：应用各种神经发育治疗技26This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的治疗痉挛的治疗（6）肌电生物反馈：）肌电生物反馈：可减少静止时肌痉可减少静止时肌痉挛及其相关反应，也可抑制被动牵伸时痉挛及其相关反应，也可抑制被动牵伸时痉挛肌的不自主活动。利用肌电生物反馈再挛肌的不自主活动。利用肌电生物反馈再训练痉挛肌的拮抗肌，也能起到交替抑制训练痉挛肌的拮抗肌，也能起到交替抑制的作用。的作用。痉挛的治疗（6）肌电生物反馈：可减少静止时肌痉挛及其相关反27This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的治疗痉挛的治疗（7）矫形器的应用：矫形器的应用：可利用上肢或下肢可利用上肢或下肢矫形器矫正痉挛。如用于内收肌痉挛的外矫形器矫正痉挛。如用于内收肌痉挛的外展矫形器，用于屈肘肌痉挛的充气压力矫展矫形器，用于屈肘肌痉挛的充气压力矫形器，用于足下垂内外翻的踝足矫形器等。形器，用于足下垂内外翻的踝足矫形器等。其作用除了能防止肌痉挛的加重外，还能其作用除了能防止肌痉挛的加重外，还能防止挛缩，应早期积极采用。防止挛缩，应早期积极采用。痉挛的治疗（7）矫形器的应用：可利用上肢或下肢矫形器矫正28This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的治疗痉挛的治疗（8）药物治疗：）药物治疗：Dantrolene 硝苯呋海因（丹曲林）：原硝苯呋海因（丹曲林）：原理是梭内外肌肌肉细胞膜抑制（干扰钙从理是梭内外肌肌肉细胞膜抑制（干扰钙从肌浆网释放唯一的外周制剂）。用法为肌浆网释放唯一的外周制剂）。用法为25mg Bid，每周增加，每周增加25-50mg，最大剂量，最大剂量200-400mg/d。副作用有无力、头晕、胃肠。副作用有无力、头晕、胃肠道反应、肝脏损害。道反应、肝脏损害。痉挛的治疗（8）药物治疗：29This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的治疗痉挛的治疗（8）药物治疗：）药物治疗：Diazepam 安定：作用于脊髓脑干控制痉安定：作用于脊髓脑干控制痉挛，加强和易化以挛，加强和易化以-GABA为传导物质的突为传导物质的突触，有效阻断脊髓内和上位神经元。用法触，有效阻断脊髓内和上位神经元。用法从从2mg Bid开始，每周增加开始，每周增加2mg，最大，最大40-60mg/d。副作用有镇静、疲乏、抑郁、共。副作用有镇静、疲乏、抑郁、共剂失调、记忆力减退、药物依赖。剂失调、记忆力减退、药物依赖。痉挛的治疗（8）药物治疗：30This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的治疗痉挛的治疗（8）药物治疗：）药物治疗：Baclofen（巴氯酚）：是突触前抑制的（巴氯酚）：是突触前抑制的神经递质神经递质GABA的的型受体的激动剂。口服每型受体的激动剂。口服每次次57.5mg，一日，一日34次，逐渐增大剂量次，逐渐增大剂量达最佳疗效或出现副作用，最高日剂量达最佳疗效或出现副作用，最高日剂量120-150 mg。可采用皮下植入。可采用皮下植入Baclofen泵的给药泵的给药方式。副作用有头昏、乏力、恶心和感觉方式。副作用有头昏、乏力、恶心和感觉异常。异常。痉挛的治疗（8）药物治疗：31This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的治疗痉挛的治疗（8）药物治疗：）药物治疗：其它药物：吗啡、度冷丁等可激动阿片其它药物：吗啡、度冷丁等可激动阿片受体，阻止伤害性刺激的传入，在镇痛的受体，阻止伤害性刺激的传入，在镇痛的同时也可减轻肌痉挛。可乐定和同时也可减轻肌痉挛。可乐定和tizanidine（盐酸替扎尼定）是（盐酸替扎尼定）是2肾上腺素肾上腺素能激动剂，能恢复髓内的各种去甲肾上腺能激动剂，能恢复髓内的各种去甲肾上腺素的抑制，对肌痉挛有效，但不如素的抑制，对肌痉挛有效，但不如Baclofen。痉挛的治疗（8）药物治疗：32This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的治疗痉挛的治疗（9）神经溶解技术）神经溶解技术(neurolysis)采用石炭酸采用石炭酸或酒精注射，以溶解破坏神经轴索，降低或酒精注射，以溶解破坏神经轴索，降低或阻止神经冲动传递，从而减轻肌痉挛。或阻止神经冲动传递，从而减轻肌痉挛。酒精的浓度为酒精的浓度为50%100%。作用持续。作用持续36月。月。1）注射部位：神经干或肌肉运动点。）注射部位：神经干或肌肉运动点。痉挛的治疗（9）神经溶解技术(neurolysis)采用石33This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的治疗痉挛的治疗（9）神经溶解技术）神经溶解技术(neurolysis)2)常用的注射：常用的注射：胫神经封闭：胫神经位胫神经封闭：胫神经位于膝关节后腓肠肌两个头和腘绳肌内外侧于膝关节后腓肠肌两个头和腘绳肌内外侧腱的中间。封闭可减轻马蹄内翻足和踝阵腱的中间。封闭可减轻马蹄内翻足和踝阵挛，帮助步行。挛，帮助步行。闭孔神经封闭：闭孔神闭孔神经封闭：闭孔神经位于内收长肌起点外侧。封闭可减轻股经位于内收长肌起点外侧。封闭可减轻股内收肌痉挛，利于穿裤、洗浴和插管护理，内收肌痉挛，利于穿裤、洗浴和插管护理，改善剪刀步态，防止髋脱位和膝内侧压疮。改善剪刀步态，防止髋脱位和膝内侧压疮。痉挛的治疗（9）神经溶解技术(neurolysis)34This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的治疗痉挛的治疗（9）神经溶解技术）神经溶解技术(neurolysis)坐骨神经封闭：位于闭孔神经后方，坐坐骨神经封闭：位于闭孔神经后方，坐骨结节外侧，臀大肌肌腹下缘。也可按需骨结节外侧，臀大肌肌腹下缘。也可按需要封闭其分支。封闭可减轻腘绳肌肌痉挛，要封闭其分支。封闭可减轻腘绳肌肌痉挛，改善坐姿，防止挛缩和压疮，增加膝改善坐姿，防止挛缩和压疮，增加膝ROM，并在站立和行走转换时使足跟可以触地。，并在站立和行走转换时使足跟可以触地。痉挛的治疗（9）神经溶解技术(neurolysis)35This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痉挛的治疗痉挛的治疗（10）化学去神经技术）化学去神经技术(chemodenervation)在运动点注射在运动点注射A型肉毒毒素，可迅速地与神型肉毒毒素，可迅速地与神经肌接头的胆碱能突触前受体结合，阻滞神经肌接头的胆碱能突触前受体结合，阻滞神经突触兴奋传导的钙离子内流，使乙酰胆碱经突触兴奋传导的钙离子内流，使乙酰胆碱释放障碍，从而引起较持久（释放障碍，从而引起较持久（3-4个月）的个月）的肌肉松弛作用。肌肉松弛作用。痉挛的治疗（10）化学去神经技术(chemodenervat36This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sens