跨文化交际实用教程课件

Unit8HumorInterpretationinInterculturalEncountersCulture is a Bridge.Cultureisa1EnglishgasstationnAllGreektome:nMeaninglessandincomprehensiblelikesomeonewhocannotread,speak,orunderstandanyoftheGreeklanguagewouldbe.nnAllInTheSameBoat:nWheneveryoneisfacingthesamechallenges.nnAnArmAndALeg:nVeryexpensive.Alargeamountofmoney.EnglishgasstationAllGreekt2EnglishgasstationnATasteOfYourOwnMedicine:nWhenyouaremistreatedthesamewayyoumistreatothers.nBeatADeadHorse:nToforceanissuethathasalreadyended.nBeatingAroundTheBush:nAvoidingthemaintopic.Notspeakingdirectlyabouttheissue.EnglishgasstationATasteOf3n英格兰人谈论苏格兰人和爱尔兰人的3则笑话:1.一个爱尔兰人给旅游公司打电话：“我坐飞机到伦敦将用多长时间？”办事员想看看飞机时刻表，对他说：“（请等）一分钟，先生！”“非常感谢！”爱尔兰人满意地答道并挂上了电话。2.一个苏格兰人从英格兰回到了家。家人问道：“在伦敦怎么样？”苏格兰人答道：“还行！就是那些英格兰人很奇怪。我住在旅馆时，他们像疯子一样在我隔壁敲了一夜墙。”“那你当时干什么呢？”“我没干什么！我只是吹了一夜笛子！”3.一个爱尔兰人前来伦敦度假，住进一家高级饭店。服务生拿起箱子，带他去房间。爱尔兰人生气地说：“看着点儿！别以为我来自爱尔兰，就让我住进这么个小房间！”服务生连忙解释道：“别生气，先生！这是电梯。”英格兰人谈论苏格兰人和爱尔兰人的3则笑话:1.一个4United Nations SurveynLastmonth,aworldsurveywasconductedbytheUN.Theonlyquestionaskedwas:Wouldyoupleasegiveyourhonestopinionaboutsolutionstothefoodshortageintherestoftheworld.Thesurveywasahugefailure.nInAfricatheydidntknowwhatfoodmeant.nInEasternEuropetheydidntknowwhathonestmeant.nInWesternEuropetheydidntknowwhatshortagemeant.nInChinatheydidntknowwhatopinionmeant.nIntheMiddleEasttheydidntknowwhatsolutionmeant.nInSouthAmericatheydidntknowwhatpleasemeant,andnIntheUSAtheydidntknowwhattherestoftheworldmeant.UnitedNationsSurvey5跨文化交际实用教程课件6HumorHumor7跨文化交际实用教程课件8Failuretounderstandhumorisacommonoccurrence.n“Youarealsohuman”nAcomplimentinAmerica,butcauseembarrassmentinChina.Failuretounderstandhumoris9Chapter 1:HumorasaPathwaytoInterculturalCommunicationCompetencenHumorgoesbeyondlanguage.nLearninghowtoexplainhumorandhowtoaskquestionsabouthumorisimportantforinterculturalcommunication.nAtwo-stageprocessisinvolvedinsharinghumorbetweennativeandnon-nativespeakers.Chapter1:HumorasaPathway10Stage 1:making new conversational rules.nTherearemanyreasonswhyitishardtoexplainhumor.nvocabularynsayingsandidiomsnbackgroundknowledgensomestereotypedimagesStage1:makingnewconversati11ElementsthatmayhinderourunderstandingofEnglishhumornVocabulary n“Quid”isthemodernwordforwhatwasoncecalledashilling”.nfriendsarecalled“tossers”.nIfyouarefondofsomeone,youshouldtellhimheisa“greattosser”-hewillbetouched.nSayings and idiomsnascloseasanoyster嘴很紧npolishtheapple讨人欢心;拍马屁Elementsthatmayhinderouru12nBackground knowledgen“Werenotamused.”nThiscelebratedremarkwasfromQueenVictoria,whowasexpressingherdissatisfactiontowardsomethingmeanttobehumorous.Some stereotyped imagesScientistsareconsiderednerdyandugly.BackgroundknowledgeSomestere13Rule for Nonnative Speakers1.Abandontheoldconversationalrule：2.Makethenewconversationalrule：3.Behaviornecessarytoimplementnewconversationalrule：RuleforNonnativeSpeakers1.A141.Abandon the old conversational rule：Admittingincomprehension（不理解）andaskingquestionsabouthumorisstupid.1.Abandontheoldconversation152.Make the new conversational rule：naskingquestionsabouthumorisacceptableanditisasignofcourageratherthanincompetence（无能力）nAsConfuciussaid,itisbettertobestupidforthreeminutesthanforanentirelifetime.2.Makethenewconversational163.Behavior necessary to implement new conversational rulenAskingquestionsandregulatingconversationsintermsofidiomaticverbalandnonverbalexpressions.3.Behaviornecessarytoimplem17CulturalandpersonalidiomaticverbalandnonverbalexpressionsnIdiomaticverbalexpressionsnitswayovermyhead!nIdidntgetit.nItleftmeoutinthecold.nWhoa!Thatwastooquickforme.nIdiomaticnonverbalexpressionsnA“T”gesture.nRaisingthepalmofthehandbeginningatthemiddleoftheforeheadupovertheheadaccompaniedbyajetlightsoundCulturalandpersonalidiomati18Idiomatic nonverbal expressions n A”T”gesturesnRaising the palm of the hand beginning at the middle of the forehead up over the head accompanied by a jet light sound 跨文化交际实用教程课件19Rule for Native Speakers1.Abandontheoldconversationalrule：2.Makethenewconversationalrule：3.Behaviornecessarytoimplementnewconversationalrule：RuleforNativeSpeakers1.Aban201.Abandon the old conversational rule：Checkingwhetherthepartnerunderstandshumoristreatinghimorherasanignorantchild,whichisrudeandinappropriate1.Abandontheoldconversation212.Make the new conversational rule：nactivelycheckingincomprehensionandencouragingquestionsassistsinterculturalunderstanding,whichisasignofmaturityandhonestyratherthanimpropriety2.Makethenewconversational223.Behavior necessary to implement new conversational rulenDoublechecknonnativepartnerscomprehensionnIndicatethefactthatevennativespeakerssometimesfailtounderstandthehumornAffirmandencouragethenecessityofaskingquestions3.Behaviornecessarytoimplem23Step 2:explaining humorn“Outoftheordinary”nCultureisusuallyimpartedinatacitway.ntacit tsitadj.心照不宣的,缄默的,默示的nTheyhaveatacitunderstanding.q他俩心照不宣。Step2:explaininghumor“Outo24ComparisonofsyllogismandenthymemenSyllogism nMajor premise(s)n minor premise(s)nConclusionnEnthymeme nnminor premise(s)npremise premis,premis,primaizn.前提Iwonderwhetherthewholepremiseisright.我怀疑整个前提是否正确。Comparisonofsyllogismanden25Concepts:nsyllogism nsildizm,sil.dizmn.三段论法,演绎推理,诡辩nAsyllogisminvolvesathree-stepformalreasoningprocessassociatedwithformallogic.Itconsistsofthreepremises.nenthymemenen.mi:mn.省略推理法,省略三段论法nPiecesofsyllogismareusuallymissing.Theyareassumedtobeunderstood.Aspeakerhastorelyonhisorheraudiencetoprovidethemissingpremisestoreachtheconclusion.Concepts:syllogism26nsyllogism nScientist are usually nerdy and ugly.(the major premise)nSamuel is a scientist.(the minor premise)nSamuel is quite nerdy and ugly.(the conclusion)nenthymemenMajor premise(s)missingn minor premise(s)provided(humor or text)nConclusion missingsyllogism27Chapter 2：ConvertingEnthymemeintoSyllogismChapter2：ConvertingEnthymem28YoumightgetconfusednMeatmarket?nbeef?Pork?nMeetmarketnabarornightclubwherepeoplecanmeetforsocialorromanticpurposesYoumightgetconfusedMeatmar29Three steps in converting:1.ExplainingtheMinorPremises2.ConstructingtheMissingMajorPremises3.(Not)ReachingConclusionsThreestepsinconverting:1.E30Step1ExplainingtheMinorPremisesnExplaintheexplicitmessagesseeninthecartoonnAcoupleofscientistsinabartryto“meet”peopleStep1ExplainingtheMinorPr31Step2ConstructingtheMissingMajorPremisesnMissingpremise(a)ntheordinarymeatmarketbehaviornMissingpremise(b)nthestereotypesofscientistsn(Scientistsareoftenportrayedas“nerdy”,meaningawkward,unfashionable,boring,andsociallyinept)Step2ConstructingtheMissin32nNonnativespeakersmayunderstand:nAscientificmeatmarketisabarwherenerdypeopletrytoseekromanticencountersandstrikeupconversationsbyshowingoffimpressivescholarlyoracademiccredentialraterthanphysicalattractiveness,socialstatus,andwealth.Step 2 Constructing the Missing Major Premises Nonnativespeakersmayunderst33Step3ReachingConclusionorNotnReachedinanalogousculturalcontextnIfnot,humorousconclusionscannotbereached.na)theirbarsaredifferentfromthebarsinAmericanb)thestereotypesofscientistsarepositiveStep3ReachingConclusionor34Step3ReachingConclusionorNotnUndersuchcondition,nativespeakersshouldask:na)wheredopeopleseekromanticencounters?(e.g.Studentsdancingparty)nb)whoistheleastdesiredinromanticencounters?(e.g.Militaryintelligenceofficers)Step3ReachingConclusionor35Step3ReachingConclusionorNotnThusnReconstructthecartoonbyusingthepartnersculturalcontextn(placethemilitaryintelligenceofficersatadancingpartyratherthanscientistsinthemeatmarket)nnlocatinganalogousculturalcontextsStep3ReachingConclusionor36Chapter 3：SummaryChapter3：Summary37Accomplishments:nFirstly:toimproveproceduralcompetencenSecondly:toknowmoreaboutourownculture,andbegintoactivelyidentifyandarticulatetacitculturalassumptionsnThirdly:toknowmoreaboutotherscultures,thustobemorehumbleandcautiousininterculturalcommunicationAccomplishments:Firstly:toim38跨文化交际实用教程课件39