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Direct&IndirectSpeech statements and questionsUnit 1 Grammar当我们想引述别人说的话时有当我们想引述别人说的话时有两种表达方式：直接引述别人两种表达方式：直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。下面我们就直接引语和间语。下面我们就直接引语和间接引语进行详细的讲解。接引语进行详细的讲解。T:Whatdidyoueatthismorning?S1:IateT:WhatdidS1say,S2?S2:S1saidhe/shehadeatendirectspeechindirectspeechShesaid,“ChinahasbeenusingPSAs(公益广告公益广告)toeducatepeople.”ShesaidChinahadbeenusingPSAstoeducatepeople.indirectspeechdirectspeechWhatrethedifferencesbetweendirectspeechandindirectspeech?DifferencesdirectspeechindirectspeechToreportwhatexactlyhasbeensaidThewordsusuallyappearinquotationmarksToreportthemeaningofwhathasbeensaidwithoutusingtheexactwordsNoquotationmarksHowtochangedirectspeechintoindirectspeech?a.Changewhathasbeensaidtoanb.objectclauseoraninfinitivephrase;b.Changepersonalpronouns;c.Changetenses;d.Changeadverbialsoftimeandplace;e.Othercases.Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.Hesaidtome,“Iveleftmybookinyourroom.Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.b.Change personal pronouns:Isaidtoher,“Ihavedonemybest.”ItoldherthatIhaddonemybest.DirectspeechIndirectspeechDirectspeechIndirectspeechSimplepresentSimplefuturePresentcontinuousPastperfectSimplepastPresentperfectcontinuousPresentperfectPastcontinuousPastperfectPastperfectFutureinthepastPastperfectPastperfectcon-tinuousc.The changes of the tensesSimplepastHesaid,“Ilostakeyhereyesterday.”Hesaidthathehadlostakeytherethedaybefore/thepreviousday.“Ireadthebookhereaweekago,”Janesaidtohim.Janetoldhimthatshehadreadthebookthereaweekbefore.d.Change adverbials of time and placeDirectspeechIndirectspeechnowthentodaythatday/yesterday/onSaturday,etc.tomorrowthenextday/thefollowingday/onTuesday,etc.yesterdaythedaybefore/thepreviousday/onTuesday,etc.nextweektheweekafter/thefollowingweek,etc.lastyeartheyearbefore/thepreviousyear,etc.aweekago aweekbefore/aweekearlier,etc.DirectspeechIndirectspeechthisthatthesethoseheretherecomegobringtakee.Other casesShesaid,“Illcomehereagaintonight.”Shesaidshewouldgothereagainthatnight.Hesaid,“Iwantthis.”Hesaidthathewanted that.MaysaidtoTom,“Illbringsomephotosheretoyoutomorrow.”MaytoldTomshewouldtakesomephotostheretohimthenextday.由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况下列情况时态不变时态不变:1.不变的真理不变的真理Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.”Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.2.经常的习惯：经常的习惯：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.历史事件：历史事件：Theteachersaid,“WorldWarendedin1945.”TheteachersaidthatWorldWarendedin1945.4.部分情态动词部分情态动词,如如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：等：Shesaidtome,“Youmusthurryup.”ShesaidthatImusthurryup.1.转述他人的陈述转述他人的陈述陈述句陈述句SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.Hesaid,“ImgoingtoBeijing.”HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.Heasked,“Areyouateacher?”Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasateacher.Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”2.转述他人的疑问转述他人的疑问一般疑问句一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题转述他人的问题特殊疑问句特殊疑问句解题步骤解题步骤:1.陈述句陈述句:“Idontlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.Sarahsaidtoherfriends thatIdontlikecomputers.tolddidntsheSarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidntlikecomputers.2.一般疑问句一般疑问句:Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimifItiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.askediswasTheyaskedhimif itwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.Tomsaid(that)therewasntanytroubleandthathewaswaitingforhischange.注意注意:当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时列时,仅能省略第一个仅能省略第一个that,其余的不其余的不能省略。能省略。Tomsaid,“ThereisntanytroubleandImwaitingformychange(零钱零钱).”3.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)Theyaskedhim whenyouharvestthewheatyou harvestthewheat.heharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenhe harvestedthewheat.harvested直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引接引语(变化后化后)陈述句述句Janesaid,“Imveryfondoftraveling.”一般疑一般疑问句句“Isthisyourumbrella,Mary?”askedJohn.that引引导的的宾语从句从句Janesaidthatshewasveryfondoftraveling.whether/if引引导的的宾语从句从句JohnaskedMaryifthatwasherumbrella.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引接引语(变化后化后)特殊疑特殊疑问句句“Mary,whenwillyoureturnmethebook?”askedJohn.祈使句祈使句Theofficersaidtohim,“Dontleaveyourpost.”wh-词引引导的的宾语从句从句JohnaskedMarywhenshewouldreturnhimthebook.不定式不定式Theofficerorderedhimnottoleavehispost.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引接引语(变化后化后)Lets开开头的祈使句的祈使句Isaidtohim,“Letsstartatonce.”感感叹句句Hesaid:“HowhappyIam!”that引引导的的宾语从句从句Isuggestedtohimthatwe(should)startatonce.that/what/how引引导的的宾语从句从句Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.Hesaidhowhappyhewas.由直接引由直接引语转变为间接引接引语,有有时会引起会引起时态的的变化化,注意以下几个方面。注意以下几个方面。直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一般一般现在在时或或现在完成在完成时Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”从句动词时态不变从句动词时态不变Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引语时态为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句时态变为:一般一般现在在时“Iknowit,”hesaid.一般一般过去去时Hesaidthatheknewit.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引语时态为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句时态变为:现在进行时现在进行时“Immakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.过去进行时过去进行时Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引语时态为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句时态变为:现在完成时现在完成时“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.过去完成时过去完成时Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引语时态为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句时态变为:现在完成进现在完成进行时行时Hesaid,“Ihavebeendoingitforhours.”过去完成进行时过去完成进行时Hesaidhehadbeendoingitforhours.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引语时态为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句时态变为:一般过去时一般过去时“IsawherlastMonday,”hesaid.过去完成时过去完成时HesaidhehadseenherthepreviousMonday.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引语时态为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句时态变为:过去进行时过去进行时“IwaswaitingforJim,”shesaid.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时ShesaidshehadbeenwaitingforJim.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引语时态为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句时态变为:过去完成时过去完成时“DoyouknowRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied?”Jackasked.过去完成时过去完成时JackaskedifIknewRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied.直接引直接引语(变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为一一般般过去去时引引语时态为:从句从句动词时态相相应变化化从句从句时态变为:一般将来时一般将来时Hesaid,“Weshallstarttomorrow.”过去将来时过去将来时Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat_worried_.A.helookstodayB.youlooktodayC.welookedthatdayD.Ilookedthatday单选单选单选单选2.Wesaidtoher,“Theyrewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat_throughthestreet_.A.wewerewalkingthenB.youarewalkingnowC.theywerewalkingthenD.theywalkingnow3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat_alongway_.A.IhadwalkedlastweekB.hehadwalkedthatweekC.IwalkedlastweekD.hehaswalkedthisweek4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat_takeitback_.A.IshalltomorrowB.IshallthenextdayC.heshouldtomorrowD.hewouldthenextday5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus_afraidtoleave_house.A.thatwerewethisB.thatwewerethatC.ifwerewethisD.ifwewerethat6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked_about_.A.thatheheardaweekagoB.whathehadheardaweekbeforeC.whathehadherdaweekagoD.ifheheardaweekago7.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse_breakinto_.A.willhenexttimeB.wouldhethenexttimeC.hewouldthenexttimeD.hewillnexttime8.Jacksaidtoher,“Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?”Jackaskedherwhere_holidays.A.shespentherB.youspendyourC.shespendherD.youspentyour9.Blackaskedme,“Whyhaventyoulefthereyet?”Blackaskedmewhy_yet.A.IhadntleftthereB.IhaventlefthereC.hadntIleftthereD.haventIlefthere10.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?”Theteacheraskedher_thesun_intheeast.A.ifriseB.ifrisesC.whetherroseD.whetherdidrise1.Alicesaid,“Ivejustgotaletterfrommyfather.”Alicesaidthat_justgotaletterfrom_father.2.JaneaskedDick,“Haveyoufinishedwritingthereport?”JaneaskedDick_writingthereport.sheherhad根据句型及句意将下列直接引语变为根据句型及句意将下列直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词。间接引语，每空一词。whether/ifhefinishedhad3.“Dontgrowplantsinthesameplaceyearafteryear,”thefarmersaid.Thefarmer_me_plantsinthesameplaceyearafteryear.4.Mr.Smithsaidtothegirl,“IwillcomeheretoseeyounextSunday.”Mr.Smith_thegirlthat_theretosee_Sunday.toldnot togrowtoldhewouldgoherthenext根据句型及句意将下列间接引语变为根据句型及句意将下列间接引语变为直接引语，每空一词。直接引语，每空一词。1.Hetoldmethatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.He_me,“Afriendinneed_afriendindeed.”2.Hesaidthathelikedthefilmverymuch.Hesaid,“_thefilmverymuch.”saidistoIlike3.Shesaidthatshehadreceivedalettertwodaysbefore.Shesaid,“_aletter_.”4.HeaskedmewhetherIlikedblackteaorgreentea.Heaskedme,“_blackteaorgreentea?”ItwodaysagoDoyoulikereceived把下列的句子变成间接引语。把下列的句子变成间接引语。1.“ImleavingforLondonnextweek,”mysistersaidtome.2.Johnsaid,“Mr.Smithhascomehere.”3.Shesaid,“Doyouwantmetohelpyou?”JohnsaidthatMr.Smithhadgonethere.MysistertoldmethatshewasleavingforLondonthenextweek.SheaskedwhetherIwantedhertohelpme.4.“Didthemanintheshopunderstandhimatlast?”shesaid.5.“Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?”heaskedtheboy.6.“Dontworry,”themothersaidtothechildren.Sheaskedwhetherthemanintheshopunderstoodhimatlast.Heaskedtheboyhowmanypeopletherewereinhisfamily.Themothertoldthechildrennottoworry.
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