PhrasesandClauses短语与从句课件

Phrases and ClausesTHE BUILDING BLOCKSOF SENTENCES Phrases and Clauses1PHRASE a group of words that does not have both a subject and a verb PHRASE 2CLAUSE a group of words with both a subject&verb CLAUSE 3 Whats the difference between a phrase&a clause?Whats the difference between4INDEPENDENT CLAUSE a complete thought that can stand aloneINDEPENDENT CLAUSE5DEPENDENT CLAUSE group of words with both a subject and verb;cannot stand alone or it is a fragment DEPENDENT CLAUSE6Independent clauses=a foundation and the frame of the house.Independent clauses=a founda7dependent clauses=like the windows or doors(they enhance what is already there,but cant function alone)dependent clauses=like the w8Sentence Building Independent&DependentStart constructing with_.Improve sentence structure by adding _.Sentence Building Independent 9Clause Identification 1.Cross of prep phrases.2.Double underline ACTION OR BEING verbs.3.Single underline the subjects.4.Each separate section with a subject and verb is PROBABLY a different clause!5.IDENTIFY INDEPENDENT OR DEPENDENTClause Identification Cross of10DEPENDENT CLAUSESADJECTIVE STARTERS1)THAT2)WHO3)WHOM 4)WHOSE 5)WHICH DEPENDENT CLAUSESADJECTIVE STA11EXAMPLESThe dog who lives by me is nice.The show that I watch is good.Jerry Spinelli is the author who wrote Maniac McGee.EXAMPLESThe dog who lives by m12DEPENDENT CLAUSESADVERB STARTERSafterin order that untilalthoughsince whenasso that wheneverbecausethan wherebeforethough whereverif unless whileDEPENDENT CLAUSESADVERB STARTE13Examples1.After I danced,2.Because he was hungry,3.Until I get an A+,4.When I get my new pony,5.Since I love SpongeBob,Examples1.After I danced,14SENTENCE TYPES1.SIMPLE2.COMPOUND3.COMPLEX4.COMPOUND-COMPLEXSENTENCE TYPESSIMPLE15SIMPLE SENTENCEone independent clause I like SpongeBob.SIMPLE SENTENCE16COMPOUND 2 or more independent clauses I like SpongeBob,and I like Plankton.COMPOUND17COMPOUND 2 or more independent clauses I like SpongeBob;I like Plankton.COMPOUND18How do we punctuate compound sentences?1)Semicolon2)Comma and a conjunction (FANBOYS)SpongeBob makes Krabby patties.(join these)They are quite delicious!How do we punctuate compound s19Two ways to punctuate compound sentences!SpongeBob makes Krabby patties;they are delicious.SpongeBob makes Krabby patties,and they are delicious.Two ways to punctuate compound20COMPLEX dependent+independent Because he makes me laugh,I like SpongeBob.COMPLEX21DEPENDENT CLAUSE startersADVERB STARTERSafterin order that untilalthoughsince whenasso that wheneverbecausethan wherebeforethough whereverif unless whileDEPENDENT CLAUSE startersADVER22DEPENDENT CLAUSE startersADJECTIVE STARTERS1)THAT2)WHO3)WHOM 4)WHOSE 5)WHICH DEPENDENT CLAUSE startersADJEC23Whats the difference?AdjectiveAdjective phraseAdjective clauseWhats the difference?Adjectiv24Dependent clause punctuation Add a comma when a dependent clause starts a sentence!Because he makes me laugh,I like SpongeBob.Dependent clause punctuation 25Dependent clause punctuation Add a comma when a dependent clause starts a sentence When I want entertainment,I watch SpongeBob.Dependent clause punctuation 26Dependent clause punctuation Add a comma when a dependent clause starts a sentence If I get a choice of shows,I watch SpongeBob.Dependent clause punctuation 27Dependent clause punctuation Do not use a comma when the dependent clause does not begin the sentence!I like SpongeBob because he makes me laugh.Dependent clause punctuation 28Now,write complex sentences!Start a sentence with the dependent clause.Then,rewrite the sentence to end with the dependent clause.Use the dependent clause starter:when Remember,your clause must have a subject and a verb!Now,write complex sentences!29Heres my example!When Gary runs away from home,SpongeBob is devastated.SpongeBob is devastatedwhen Gary runs away from home.Heres my example!When Gary ru30Write two more complex sentences!Use the dependent clause starter:ifIf you are hungry,you should visit the Krusty Krab!You should visit the Krusty Krabif you are hungry.Write two more complex sentenc31Could you turn our complex sentence into a compound-complex sentence?If you are hungry,you should visit the Krusty Krab!Could you turn our complex sen32COMPOUND COMPLEX2 INDEPENDENT+1 DEPENDENT COMPOUND COMPLEX33EXAMPLES Because they make me laugh,I like SpongeBob,and I like Plankton.EXAMPLES Because they make me 34Turn these into complexPatrick is annoyingPlankton wants the Krabby Patty recipeThe Hashslinging Slasher visits Turn these into complexPatrick35COMMASAFTER INTRODUCTORY WORDSAFTER INTRODUCTORY PHRASESAFTER INTRODUCTORY CLAUSESBETWEEN 2 INDEPENDENT CLAUSESBEFORE THE CONJUNCTIONCOMMASAFTER INTRODUCTORY WORDS36Introductory WordsUnfortunately,I love chocolate.Therefore,I eat it often.Also,I like ice cream.But,I am allergic to it.Thus,I should not eat it.Once,I saw a Yettie.Next,I saw Bigfoot.Finally,I caught a leprechaun!Introductory WordsUnfortunatel37Introductory PhrasesTo be or not to be,that is the question.Inside the small garden,there is a gnome.(prep phrases of 4 or more)Introductory PhrasesTo be or n38Introductory Dependent ClausesWhen I grow up,Before I become president,Since I am so short,Until I study for my test,Introductory Dependent Clauses39BETWEEN INDEPENDENTSt.Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland,but he was originally British.St.Patrick was captured by Irish raiders,and he worked as a slave for 6 years.St.Patrick had a dream to escape,so he walked 200 miles to the shore.BETWEEN INDEPENDENTSt.Patrick40谢谢！谢谢！41谢谢！41