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GrammarsentencesGrammarsentences句子成份句子成份 句子一般由两个部分组成：句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（主语部分（subject group）谓语部分（谓语部分（predicate group）句子成份：句子成份：主主 谓 宾 表表定定 状状补句子成份句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（subject Members of sentence:S-subject主主P-predicative 表表O-object宾Attri.-attribute定定Adv.-adverb状状Oc-object complement宾补Members of sentence:S-subj1)主语（主语（subject）句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由 名词名词,主格代词主格代词,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词动名词 或从句或从句 担任担任,常置于句首。常置于句首。I like football.The boy needs a pen.2)谓语（谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作或状态。由说明主语的动作或状态。由动词动词担任。担任。常置于主语后。常置于主语后。The train leaves at 6 oclock.I want a ticket.1)主语（subject）句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般3)宾语宾语（object）表示表示vt.的动作对象或的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。所联系的对象。由由n.或相当于或相当于n.的词担任。置于的词担任。置于vt.或或prep.后。后。He won the game.On the deskTome lost his life in the big fire.4)表语表语（predicative）用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由由n.n.或或adj.adj.担任。置于系动词之后。担任。置于系动词之后。He is a student.3)宾语（object）表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所除了除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表表感官的动词感官的动词:feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem 等。等。2)表表转变变化转变变化的动词的动词:become,get,grow,turn,go,等等3)表表延续延续的动词的动词remain,keep,stay 等等。除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官5)宾补（宾补（objective complement）补充说明宾语的情况补充说明宾语的情况。由由n./adj./n./adj./介宾介宾/分词分词/不定式等担任。不定式等担任。They made him king.?I consider the book too expensive.?6)定语（定语（attributive）对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用汉语中常用的的 表示表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。通常位于被修饰的成分前。()The black bike is mine.5)宾补（objective complement）补充说说明说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anything,everything,something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语我告诉他一些有趣的事情。我告诉他一些有趣的事情。I tell him something interesting.说明说明2：不定式、短语或从句不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。这间屋子里的男孩子们是这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。班的。The students in the room are in Class Nine.说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anyth7)状语（状语（adverbial）用以修饰用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句及全句,位置灵活位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；之后，强调时放在句首；修饰修饰形容词或副词形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示表示时间、地点、目的的状语时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，首，一些表示不确定时间（如：一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：）或程度（如：almost）的副）的副词状语通常位于词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。I am very sorry.We often help him.When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语（从句作时间状语)7)状语（adverbial）用以修饰adj./v./ad句子类型句子类型简单句并列句复合句句子类型简单句并列句复合句.简单句简单句1.Things changed.2.Trees are green.主+谓3.We don主+谓t beat children.+表主+谓+宾4.He gave his sister the piano.5.I found the book easy.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语?主+谓+宾+宾补.简单句1.Things changed.2.TreePracticeNobody went.She became a doctor.主+谓The car caught fire.主+谓+表I will write you a long letter.主+谓+宾I will let him go.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语?主+谓+宾+宾补PracticeNobody went.She became.并列句并列句This is me and these are my friends.andThey must stay in water,or they will die.orIt s not cheap,but it is very good.butIt was late,so I went to bed.soHe knocked at the door;there was no answer.Youre alive!And she s dead.并列句This is me and these are.复合句复合句主主语语从句从句名词性从句名词性从句表表语语从句从句宾语宾语从句从句同位同位语语从句从句状语从句状语从句定语从句定语从句He said that he didnt like her.A plane is a machine that can fly.复合句主语从句名词性从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句状语从状状语从句从句分为九类：分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、程度目的、条件、让步、方式、程度1)时间状语从句时间状语从句Wait until you are called.When spring came,leaves turn green.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,as soon as,whenever等等状语从句分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、2)地点状语从句地点状语从句Put it where you found it.Sit down wherever you like.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因状语从句原因状语从句As I didn t know the way,I asked a policeman常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：because,as,since2)地点状语从句Put it where you foun4)结果状语从句结果状语从句I was in the bath so that I didnt hear the telephone.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so,so that,such that5)目的状语从句目的状语从句I ll show you so you will see how it s done.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so,so that,in order that4)结果状语从句I was in the bath so 6)条件状语从句条件状语从句If it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：on condition thatif,unless,in case that,7)让步状语从句让步状语从句Though Iany instrument.m fond of music,I can t play 常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：even if,even though,though,although,6)条件状语从句If it snows tomorrow,8)方式状语从句方式状语从句He did just as you told him.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：as,as if,as though,how9)程度状语从句程度状语从句So long as you need me,Ill stay.常用的关联词有：常用的关联词有：so,so that,as far as,so long as8)方式状语从句He did just as you to名名词性从句性从句1)主语从句主语从句*What he said is not known.*That we shall be late is certain.*It is certain that we shall be late.so quiet!*How strange it is that the children are 名词性从句1)主语从句*What he said is 2）表语从句表语从句*That is what he wants to buy.*The problem is that who we can get to replace her?*The reason is that he has lied to me several times.2）表语从句*That iswhat he wants t3)宾语从句宾语从句*I understand that he is well qualified.*He said that he didn t like her.*I don t know if you can help me.3)宾语从句*I understand that he 4)同位语从句同位语从句*Where did you get the idea the ideathat I couldn t come?*The question who should do the workThe questionrequires consideration.*Mother made a promise a promisethat she would buy me a new coat.4)同位语从句*Where did you get th注意！注意！引导词引导词that&what*that 与与what都可以引导名词性从句。都可以引导名词性从句。*what 在从句中充当句子成份（主在从句中充当句子成份（主,宾宾,表）。表）。*That 在句中只起连接作用，不充当成份。在句中只起连接作用，不充当成份。*that 在引导名词性从句时不可省略（宾语从句除外）在引导名词性从句时不可省略（宾语从句除外）.That is what he wants to buy.That we shall be late is certain.He said(that)he didn t like her.注意！引导词that&what*that与what都可GrammarsentencesGrammarsentences
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