涉外合同翻译课件

1Translating Business Contract1TranslatingBusinessContract2Knowledge ObjectiveKnowledge Objective：1.了解合同、商务合同的定义、分类及主要构成要素。2.认识并掌握商务合同的语言特点和翻译技巧。Capacity ObjectiveCapacity Objective：1.能够正确翻译商务合同中的常用术语和句式。2.能够翻译英文商务合同、协议书、确认书、备忘录等常见合同文本。2KnowledgeObjective：3warm-up:Translate the following sentences1.Unlessitislegallyorphysicallyimpossible,thecontractorshallexecuteandcompletetheworksandremedythedefectsthereininstrictaccordancewiththecontracttothesatisfactionoftheengineer.2.Incaseofanydivergenceofinterpretation,theEnglishtextshallprevail.3warm-up:Translatethefollow41.Unlessitislegallyorphysicallyimpossible,thecontractorshallexecuteandcompletetheworksandremedythedefectsthereininstrictaccordancewiththecontracttothesatisfactionoftheengineer.physically 物质地，自然地，（法）外界条件除法律或外界条件不允许的情况外，承包商应该严格按照合同施工和竣工，并改正工作中的任何缺陷，以达到工程师满意的程度。4Unlessitislegallyorphysi5 2.In case of any divergence of interpretation,the English text shall prevail.divergence of interpretation解释上的分歧 如在解释上遇到分歧，应以英文本为准如在解释上遇到分歧，应以英文本为准。Note：“解释”可以译为construction,exposition,explanation,etc.但是针对法律条文的“解释”应译为interpretation.由此体现合同用词的准确性。52.Incaseofanydiverg6Warm-up:Find out any improper parts in the following rendering of the sentence.本开发区内外商投资企业生产的出口产品，除国家另有规定的产品外，可免征关税。ExportsproductsmanufacturedbyforeigninvestedenterprisesintheDevelopmentZone,exceptthoseunderotherexistingregulationsbytheState,shallbeexemptedfromCustomsduty.Exports本身就本身就有有“出口产品出口产品”的意思的意思语义重复，语义重复，可以用可以用duty-free代替代替太啰嗦了。可以太啰嗦了。可以用用unless otherwise regulated代替代替6Warm-up:Findoutanyimprope7本开发区内外商投资企业生产的出口产本开发区内外商投资企业生产的出口产品，除国家另有规定的产品外，可免征品，除国家另有规定的产品外，可免征关税。关税。Revised Exports manufactured by foreign-invested enterprises in the Development Zone are duty-free,unless otherwise regulated by the State.7本开发区内外商投资企业生产的出口产品，除国家另有规定的产品8AcontractinthisLawreferstoanagreementestablishing,modifyingandterminatingthecivilrightsandobligationsbetweensubjectsofequalfooting,thatis，betweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizations.合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议。-中华人民共和国合同法第二条8AcontractinthisLawrefer9What is business contract?Businesscontractreferstorulesandregulationsinlegalformsasperallpartiesinvolvedtoensuredutiesandobligationswhileonbusiness.商务合同是指有关各方之间在进行某种商务合作时，为了确定各自的权利和义务，而正式依法订立的、并且经过公证的、必须共同遵守的协议条文。9Whatisbusinesscontract?10Classification of business contractsSales/Purchaseconfirmation购销合同ContractofCreditsLoans信贷合同ContractforLeasingAffairs租赁合同ContractofCooperation协作合同ContractforProcessingTrade加工合同10Classificationofbusinessc11ConstructionContract基建合同InsuranceContract保险合同ContractforInternationalTransportation国际运输合同ContractforBOT（Build-Operate-Transfer）国际投资合同11ConstructionContract基12ContractforTechnologyTransfer技术转让合同ContractforInternationalEngineeringProjects国际工程承包合同EmploymentContract聘请雇员合同ContractforDifferentTradeForms多种贸易方式相结合合同12ContractforTechnologyTran13Foreign business contracts 涉外商务涉外商务合同合同涉外商务合同-具有涉外因素的商务合同。涉外因素包括：合同主体的一方或双方是外国自然人或法人，或无国籍人；合同标的是位于外国的物、财产或需要在外国完成的行为；合同权利义务内容据以产生的法律事实发生在外国。13Foreignbusinesscontracts涉14Categories of business contracts:variouscontracts:涉外商务合同按繁简不同，可以采取不同的涉外商务合同按繁简不同，可以采取不同的书面形式书面形式正式合同（Contract）协议书（Agreement）确认书（Confirmation）备忘录（Memorandum）订单（Order）,etc14Categoriesofbusinesscontr15Contract and agreementContractisalegallybindingagreement合同就是有法律约束力的协议-L.BCurzonA Dictionary of Law15ContractandagreementContra16Contents in a business contractTitle&Preamble合同名称合同名称&前文前文/前言前言Body 合同正文合同正文Witness Clause 结尾结尾/证明条款证明条款16Contentsinabusinesscontr17title&Preamble1)订约日期和地点订约日期和地点（DateandPlaceofSigning）2)合同当事人及其国籍、主要营业场所或住所合同当事人及其国籍、主要营业场所或住所（SigningPartiesandTheirNationalities,PrincipalPlaceofBusinessorResidenceAddresses）17title&Preamble1)订约日期和地点183)当事人合法依据当事人合法依据（EachPartysAuthority如该公司是“按当地法律正式组织而存在的”ACorporationDulyOrganizedandExistingUndertheLawsofXXX）4)订约缘由订约缘由/说明条款说明条款（RecitalsorWhereasClause）183)当事人合法依据19包括定义条款、基本条款和一般条款定义条款（DefinitionClause）-对合同中重复出现的关键名词术语进行明确定义，给出明确解释。Commonexpressions:本办法所称的证券是指ThesecuritiestermedhereinrefertoBody本文本文19包括定义条款、基本条款和一般条款Bod20基本条款（基本条款（Basic Conditions）：）：1.Name and address 当事人的名称或者姓名和住所2.标的标的 Mark-合同的客体，即当事人权利义务共同指向的对象。合同标的可以是货物，也可以是劳务，还可以是技术成果或工程项目等，但法律禁止的行为与禁止转让的物不得作为合同标的3.Quality and quantity 数量与质量数量与质量4.Price or remuneration 价款或酬金价款或酬金20基本条款（BasicConditions）：214.The time,place and performance 履行的期限、地点和方式履行期限，是指享有权利的一方要求对方履行义务的时间履行地点，是指合同当事人履行和接受履行合同义务的地方；履行方式，是指当事人履行义务所采用的方法。214.Thetime,placeandperfo225.Responsibility of breach of contract 违约责任违约责任 违约责任是指合同当事人因违违约责任是指合同当事人因违反合同义务所应承担的法律责任。设反合同义务所应承担的法律责任。设定违约责任条款，有助于督促当事人定违约责任条款，有助于督促当事人自觉履行合同义务，但违约条款的有自觉履行合同义务，但违约条款的有无，一般并不影响合同的有效成立无，一般并不影响合同的有效成立225.Responsibilityofbreach236.Settlement for dispute 解决争议的解决争议的办法办法 当事人可在合同中约定发生争议时所当事人可在合同中约定发生争议时所采用的解决办法，如仲裁、诉讼等。采用的解决办法，如仲裁、诉讼等。此外，当事人认为必须在合同中明确此外，当事人认为必须在合同中明确的其他内容，也是合同的基本条款。的其他内容，也是合同的基本条款。236.Settlementfordispute24 一般条款（一般条款（General Terms and Conditions）：）：合同有效期（Duration）合同的终止（Termination）不可抗力（ForceMajeure）合同的让与（Assignment）24一般条款（GeneralTermsandCond25仲裁（Arbitration）适用的法律（GoverningLaw）诉讼管辖（Jurisdiction）通知手续（Notice）合同修改（Amendment）其他（Others）25仲裁（Arbitration）26“根据根据”条文的表达条文的表达按照（法律/依据）订立本合同。ThefollowingcontractisformulatedaccordingtoTherulesareformulatedpursuanttoTheagreementisformulatedonthebasisof26“根据”条文的表达按照（法律/依据）订立本合同。27订立合同订立合同“目的目的”的表达方法的表达方法Withtheviewtoimprovingthepresentcontractisformulated.ThepresentProceduresaremadeoutintheviewtostrengthenThisLawisformulatedinordertoprotect27订立合同“目的”的表达方法Withtheviewt28“实施实施”的表达方式的表达方式本细则自2010年5月12日起施行。Theserulesgointoeffect/forceonMay12,2010.本办法自发布之日起施行。Thepresent28“实施”的表达方式本细则自2010年5月12日起施行。29“例外例外”的表达方式的表达方式合营企业可以按不超过营业额5%的比例缴纳土地使用费，但需经过市土地局核定。Jointventuresmayalso,subjecttoapprovalbytheLandBureau,paylandusefeeatarateofnotmorethan5percentoftheirturnover.29“例外”的表达方式合营企业可以按不超过营业额5%的30结尾结尾/证明条款（证明条款（Witness Clause）份数(copies)使用的文字和效力（ConcludingSentence）签名（Signature）合同的附件Appendices(包括图表、担保书、相关协议等)30结尾/证明条款（WitnessClause）份数(c31CONTRACTCONTRACTNO.SIGNINGDATE/PLACETHEBUYER：NameLegalAddressContactTHESELLER：NameLegalAddressTitle 合同名称合同名称31CONTRA32Contract ThiscontractismadebyandbetweentheBuyerandtheSeller.WherebytheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestoselltheunder-mentionedcommodityaccordingtothetermsandconditions.买卖双方经协商，签署本合同。根据合同条款规定，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售下列货物。Preamble合同前言合同前言 32ContractPreamble33NAMEOFCOMMODITYANDSCOPEOFTHECONTRACT货物名称及合同适用范围2.PRICE3.PAYMENT4.PACKINGBody合同正文合同正文 33NAMEOFCOMMODITYANDSCOPE34INWITNESSWHEREOF,thiscontracthasbeenexecutedeffectiveasofthedatefirstabovewritten.双方证明，合同自签署之日起生效。THEBUYERTHESELLER_By：_By：_Date：_Date：_THEENDUSER_By：_Date：witness clause 证明条款证明条款 34INWITNESSWHEREOF,thiscon35Word bankminute of talks会议纪要会议纪要validity clauses of contracts 合同生效条款合同生效条款definition and whereas定义及鉴于条款定义及鉴于条款assignment and guaranty of contracts合同转让与担保条款合同转让与担保条款35Wordbankminuteoftalks36rescission and termination of contracts 合同的解除与终止条款default and escape 违约与免责条款arbitration and jurisdiction 仲裁与法律条款international conventions and practice 国际惯例36rescissionandterminationo37Features of Language in Business Contract1.rich in terminologyWehavecoveredthegoodsagainsttheriskofbreakage,TPND,etc.我方给货物投保破损险与盗窃及提货不着险。(TPND-Theft,PilferageandNon-Delivery盗窃及提货不着险)37FeaturesofLanguageinBusi382.rich in legal words 商务合同属于法律文书，为表现其权威性和商务合同属于法律文书，为表现其权威性和严肃性，多使用正式、庄重的法律词语。严肃性，多使用正式、庄重的法律词语。Contractsshallbeconcludedinaccordancewiththeprincipleofequalityandmutualbenefitandofachievingagreementthroughconsultation.合同应在平等互利的基础上签订，并且协议各方一致同意各条款。该句中的in accordance with 为法律合同常用词语，比according to 正式。382.richinlegalwords商务合同393.rich in old-used wordsHereafter自此，今后hereby特此/兹此Herein此中，于此hereinafter在下文Hereof在本文中thereto另外，随附Thereof其中，它的whereas鉴于Whereby凭借whereupon因此，于是393.richinold-usedwordsHer404.rich in parallel structure在英语商务合同中，为了表达的严密性，通常将众多并列成分如单词、短语、从句等平行排列，组成对等结构，使表达的思想脉络分明，层次清晰。最常见的对等结构是由and或by连接的并列成分。404.richinparallelstructur41Acontractofsaleneednotbeconcludedinorevidencedbywritingandisnotsubjecttoanyotherrequirementastoform.销售合同无需以书面订立或书面证明，在形式方面也不受任何其他条件的限制。本句中，concluded in，evidenced by，subject to构成对等结构，增强了句子的平等感，使表达更加严密。41Acontractofsaleneedn425.rich in special patterns 英语商务合同中大量使用被动语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、倒装句、省略句、条件句、介词（短语）、插入语等法律和商务文书类常用句型。425.richinspecialpatterns43In case the contract is concluded on CIF basis,the insurance shall be effected by the Seller for 110%of invoice value covering all risks,war risk,S.R.C.C.risks(i.e.Strikes,Riot,and Civil Commotions).在到岸价基础上订立的合同，将由卖方在到岸价基础上订立的合同，将由卖方按发票金额的按发票金额的110%投保综合险、战争险、投保综合险、战争险、罢工险、暴乱险和民变险。罢工险、暴乱险和民变险。本句是有关合同保险条款的内容，其中用了被动语态（is concluded，shall be effected）、非谓语动词（covering all risks.)、情态动词(shall)，另外还用了“in case”引导的条件句。43Incasethecontr444445Translating special terms in contracts合同英语的用词极其考究，翻译成汉语时往往具有约定俗成的汉语表达方式，通常需要注意以下几个方面的情况：（1）情态动词may、shall、must、maynot（或shallnot）的翻译（2）法律合同用副词的翻译（3）同义词的翻译45Translatingspecialtermsin46情态动词情态动词may、shall、must、may not（或（或shall not）的翻译）的翻译may 旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么）shall 约定当事人的义务（应当做什么）must用于强制性义务（必须做什么）may not/shall not用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）46情态动词may、shall、must、maynot（或47Thepartiesheretoshall,firstofall,settleanydisputearisingfromorinconnectionwiththecontactbyfriendlynegotiations.双方首先应通过友好协商，解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。47Thepartiesheretoshall,fi48 Should such negotiations fail,such dispute may be referred to the Peoples Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs.如果协商未果，合同中又无仲裁条款约定或如果协商未果，合同中又无仲裁条款约定或争议发生后未就仲裁达成一致的，可将争议提争议发生后未就仲裁达成一致的，可将争议提交有管辖权的人民法院解决。交有管辖权的人民法院解决。本句中的should 和may表达准确。出现争议后应当先行协商，所以采用了义务性“约定”；如果协商解决不了，作为当事人的权利，用选择性约定may也很妥当。48Shouldsuchnegotiations49Synonyms 同义词的翻译同义词的翻译英语商务合同中，常把几个同义词并列使用，以避免合同双方当事人按自己的意图来理解合同条文从而导致歧义。翻译时，应取这几个同义词的共义，以保证内容准确，维护法律文件的严肃性。49Synonyms同义词的翻译英语商务合同中，常把几50Synonyms termsandconditions（条款）madeandsign（签订）forceandeffect（效力）allandany（所有）eachandevery（每一个）50Synonymstermsandcondition51approveandaccept（同意接受）byandbetween（与）fulfillandperform（履行）saveandexcept（除了）finalandconclusive（最终）51approveandaccept（同意接受）52Translating patterns in contracts英语商务合同中，有些句式是几乎每一份合同都要用到的，这些句式的翻译也往往是约定俗成的。翻译者若善于积累，学会套用，将会收到事半功倍的效果。52Translatingpatternsincont53Common patternsThecontractismadeoutinEnglishandChineselanguagesinquadruplicate,bothtextsbeingequallyauthentic,andeachPartyshallholdtwocopiesofeachtext.本合同用英文和中文两种文字写成，一式四份。双方执英文本和中文本各一式两份，两种文字具有同等效力。53CommonpatternsThecontra54ThiscontractissignedbytheauthorizedrepresentativesofbothpartiesonDec.9,2009.Aftersigningthecontract,bothpartiesshallapplytotheirrespectiveGovernmentAuthoritiesforratification.Thedateofratificationlastobtainedshallbetakenastheeffectivedateofthecontract.Bothpartiesshallexerttheirutmosteffortstoobtaintheratificationwithin60daysandshalladvisetheotherpartybytelexandthereaftersendaregisteredletterforconfirmation.54Thiscontractissigned55ThiscontractissignedbytheauthorizedrepresentativesofbothpartiesonDec.9,2009.本合同由双方代表于2009年12月9日签订。55Thiscontractissignedbyt56Aftersigningthecontract,bothpartiesshallapplytotheirrespectiveGovernmentAuthoritiesforratification.合同签订后，由各方分别向本国政府当局申请批准，56Aftersigningthecontract,57Thedateofratificationlastobtainedshallbetakenastheeffectivedateofthecontract.以最后一方的批准日期为本合同的生效日期，57Thedateofratificationlas58Bothpartiesshallexerttheirutmosteffortstoobtaintheratificationwithin60daysandshalladvisetheotherpartybytelexandthereaftersendaregisteredletterforconfirmation.双方应力争在60天内获得批准，用电传通知对方，并用挂号信件确认。58Bothpartiesshallexertthe59Thecontractshallbevalidfor10yearsfromtheeffectivedateofthecontract,ontheexpiryofthevaliditytermofcontract,thecontractshallautomaticallybecomenullandvoid.本合同有效期从合同生效之日起共10年，有效期满后，本合同自动失效。59Thecontractshallbevali60Theoutstandingclaimsandliabilitiesexistingbetweenbothpartiesontheexpiryofthevalidityofthecontractshallnotbeinfluencedbytheexpirationofthiscontract.Thedebtorshallbekeptliableuntilthedebtorfullypaysuphisdebtstothecreditor.本合同期限届满时，双方发生的未了债权和债务不受合同期满的影响，债务人应向债权人继续偿付未了债务。60Theoutstandingclaimsandl61Anyclause,covenantoragreementinacontractofcarriagerelievingthecarrierortheshipfromliabilityforlossordamageto,orinconnectionwith,goodsarisingfromnegligence,faultorfailureindutiesandobligationsprovidedinthisarticleorlesseningsuchliabilityotherwisethanprovidedintheserulesshallbenullandvoidandnoeffect.运输契约中任何条款、约定或协议，凡解除承运人或船舶由于疏忽、过失或未履行本条款规定的责任和义务，而引起货物或关于货物的丢失或损害责任的，或在本公约外减轻这种责任的，都应作废或无效。61Anyclause,covenantoragre62另外，一些英语商务合同中常用短语的汉译也另外，一些英语商务合同中常用短语的汉译也比较固定，翻译时可套用。比较固定，翻译时可套用。hereinafterreferredtoas以下称whereas鉴于inwitnesswhereof兹证明forandonbehalfof代表byvirtueof因为priorto在之前asregards/concerning/relatingto关于ceasetodo停止做ineffect事实上miscellaneous其他事项62另外，一些英语商务合同中常用短语的汉译也比较固定，翻译时63Criteria of translation外贸合同是法律文件，属于庄重文体。因此外贸合同的翻译应当遵循准确严谨、规范通顺的翻译原则用词准确术语统一格式完整63Criteriaoftranslation外贸合同是64Read the following sentence and its version.Can you find anything wrong/improper?ByirrevocableLetterofCreditavailablebySellersdocumentarybillatsighttobevalidfornegotiationinChinauntil15daysafterdateofshipment,theLetterofCreditmustreachtheSellers30daysbeforethecontractedmonthofshipment.以不可取消的信用证，凭卖方即期付有的票据协商，有效期应为装运期15天后在中国到期，该信用证必须于合同规定的装运月份前30天到达卖方。不可撤销信用证不可撤销信用证 译为译为“即期付有单据的票即期付有单据的票据据”，概念不清，票据概，概念不清，票据概念广泛，包括汇票、本票、念广泛，包括汇票、本票、支票等，在外贸合同支付支票等，在外贸合同支付条款中的票据应该为条款中的票据应该为“汇汇票票”，应译为，应译为“跟单汇票跟单汇票”应为应为“议付议付”装运期装运期后后15天天64Readthefollowingsentence65ByirrevocableLetterofCreditavailablebySellersdocumentarybillatsighttobevalidfornegotiationinChinauntil15daysafterdateofshipment,theLetterofCreditmustreachtheSellers30daysbeforethecontractedmonthofshipment.Revised:以不可撤销的信用证，凭卖方即期跟单汇票议付，有效期应为装运期后15天在中国到期。该信用证必须于合同规定的装运月份前30天到达卖方。65ByirrevocableLetterof66Read the following sentence and its version.Can you find anything wrong/improper?The balance should be settled upon the arrival of the goods at the port of destination.余款在货物到达目的港后结算。Note：翻译合同必须严谨准确，原文中upon含有“后一个动作将在前一个动作之后随即或马上发生”之意，必须翻译出来，因此译文存在漏洞，容易被不法商人利用。Revised:余款应在货物货物到达目的港后即行支付。66Readthefollowingsentence67Read the following sentence and its version.Can you find anything wrong/improper?Total value:US$5,400,000.00(Say:US Dollars FIVE MILLION FOUR HUNDRED THOUSAND only)总价：5，400，000.00美元Note:翻译必须忠实于原文，不能随意去掉大写部分，专业性和严密性必须要注意。Revised:总价:5，400，000.00美元(大写：伍佰肆拾万美元）67Readthefollowingsentence68Thecarriersresponsibilityforthecargoceasesimmediatelywhenthecargoleavestheshipstackleandthereafterallrisksandexpensesinvolvedaretheresponsibilityofthecargo.当货物离开轮船挂钩时，运送者的责任立即终止，此后的一切风险和费用均和货物本身相关。Note:原文中三个“cargo”意思不尽相同，第三个cargo用来修饰responsibility,句子的主语是risks and expenses,根据上下文应该理解成“货主”。Read the following sentence and its version.Can you find anything wrong/improper?68Thecarriersresponsibility69Thecarriersresponsibilityforthecargoceasesimmediatelywhenthecargoleavestheshipstackleandthereafterallrisksandexpensesinvolvedaretheresponsibilityofthecargo.当货物离开轮船挂钩时，承运人的责任即行终止，此后一切风险和费用均由货主负责。69Thecarriersresponsibility70新公司应建立经营管理机构负责企业的日常管理工作。Thenewcompanyshallestablishamanagementofficewhichshallberesponsibleforitsdailymanagement.Mainproblem:行文拖拉、有失简约Revised:Thenewcompanyshallestablishanofficeforitsdailygovernance.70新公司应建立经营管理机构负责企业的日常管理工作。71Translate the followingAPPOINTMENTASCONTRACTFULL-TIMESENIORCUSTOMSADMINISTRATORANAGREEMENTFORSERVICESmadethe1stdayofSeptember,2006betweenCompanyAofBeijing,China（address）（hereinafterreferredtoas“theCompany”）asonepartandMr.SmithofLondon,theUK（address）（hereinafterreferredtoastheContractor）oftheotherpart.WHEREBYITISAGREEDANDDECLAREDASFOLLOWS：1.THATtheCompanyshall2.Thisagreementshallcommenceon71TranslatethefollowingAPPOI72INWITNESSWHEREOF,bothpartiessettheirhandsonthedatehereinmentionedSIGNEDBY(Name)：Designation：Forandonbehalfof：（signature）Contractor：Designation：Forandonbehalfof：（signature）72INWITNESSWHEREOF,bothpar73APPOINTMENTASCONTRACTFULL-TIMESENIORCUSTOMSADMINISTRATOR签约全职高级关税管理员任命书73APPOINTMENTASCANAGREEMENTFORSERVICESmadeatthe1stdayofSeptember,2006betweenCompanyAofBeijing,China（address）（hereinafterreferredtoas“theCompany”）asonepartandMr.SmithofLondon,theUK（address）（hereinafterreferredtoastheContractor）oftheotherpart.甲方-中国北京A公司（以下称本公司）与乙方-来自英国伦敦的史密斯先生（以下称签约人）于2006年9月1日签署本服务协议。74ANAGREEMENTFORSERVICESmadWHEREBYITISAGREEDANDDECLAREDASFOLLOWS：1.THATtheCompanyshall2.Thisagreementshallcommence双方达成协议并声明如下：1.本公司将2.本协议自起执行75WHEREBYITISAGREEDANDDECLINWITNESSWHEREOF,bothpartiessettheirhandsonthedatehereinmentionedSIGNEDBY(Name)：Designation：Forandonbehalfof：（signature）Contractor：Designation：Forandonbehalfof：（signature）作为证明，双方于上述日期签字。签署人名称：职位：代理人签名签约人姓名：职位：76INWITNESSWHEREOF,bothparti77请把下列短语翻译成汉语。mencement7.miscellaneous8.toconstrueacontract9.toenterintoacontract10.excontract77请把下列短语翻译成汉语。78请把下列短语翻译成汉语。1.by virtue of2.at the close of the fiscal year 3.prior to 4.as regards 5.in effect mencement 7.miscellaneous 8.to construe a contract 9.to enter into a contract10.ex contract因为 _财务年度末 _在之前 _关于 _事实上 _开始 _其他事项 _理解合同 _签订合同 _由于合同 _78请把下列短语翻译成汉语。1.byvirtue79Section 7翻译下列长句（）1.Afterarrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination,theBuyershallapplytoChinaCommodityInspectionBureau(hereinafterreferredtoasCCIB)forafurtherinspectionastothespecificationsandquantity/weightofthegoods.2.TheSellershallnotberesponsibleforthedelayofshipmentornon-deliveryofthegoodsduetoForceMajeure,whichmightoccurduringtheprocessofmanufacturingorinthecourseofloadingortransit.79Section7翻译下列长句（）803.Unlessotherwisestipulatedinthecredit,theexpression“Shipment”usedinstipulatinganearliestand/oralatestshipmentdatewillbeunderstoodtoincludetheexpression“loadingonboard”,“dispatch”and“takingincharge”.4.OnthetransferdateNewCompanyshalltransfertoB,freefromanylienorencumbrancecreatedbyNewCompanyandwithoutthepaymentofanycompensation,allitsright,titletoandinterestintheinfrastructureproject,unlessotherwisespecifiedintheAgreementoranysupplementaryagreement.803.Unlessotherwisesti811.Afterarrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination,theBuyershallapplytoChinaCommodityInspectionBureau(hereinafterreferredtoasCCIB)forafurtherinspectionastothespecificationsandquantity/weightofthegoods.货到目的港后，买方将申请中国进出口商品检验局（以下简称商检局）对货物的规格和数量或重量进行检验。811.Afterarrivalof822.TheSellershallnotberesponsibleforthedelayofshipmentornon-deliveryofthegoodsduetoForceMajeure,whichmightoccurduringtheprocessofmanufacturingorinthecourseofloadingortransit.凡在制造或装船运输过程中，因不可抗力致使卖方不能或推迟交货时，卖方不负责任。82TheSellershallnotberesp833.Unlessotherwisestipulatedinthecredit,theexpression“Shipment”usedinstipulatinganearliestand/oralatestshipmentdatewillbeunderstoodtoincludetheexpression“loadingonboard”,“dispatch”and“takingincharge”.除信用证另有规定外，用于规定最早及/或最迟装运期的“装运”一词应理解为包括“装船”、“发运”和“接受监管”的解释。83Unlessotherwisestipulated844.OnthetransferdateNewCompanyshalltransfertoB,freefromanylienorencumbrancecreatedbyNewCompanyandwithoutthepaymentofanycompensation,allitsright,titletoandinterestintheinfrastructureproject,unlessotherwisespecifiedintheAgreementoranysupplementaryagreement.除非协议或补充协议中另有规定,在转让期，新公司应将对基础设施的权利和利益转让给B公司，新公司不应滞留，也不能要求补偿。84OnthetransferdateNewCom855.Within30daysafterthesigningandcomingintoeffectofthiscontract,theBuyershallproceedtopaythepriceforthegoodstothesellerbyopeninganirrevocableL/CforthefullamountofUSD30,000infavoroftheSellerthroughabankatimportport.买方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过进口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销的信用证支付全部货款30000美元。855.Within30daysafterth劳动合同翻合同翻译常用常用词汇Laborlaw劳动法laborrelation劳动关系socialinsuranceprotectionandwelfare社会保险和福利labordiscipline劳动纪律professionalethics职业道德.tradeunions工会collectivecontract集体合同theconclusionandrevisionoflaborcontract订立和变更劳动合同invalidlaborcontracts无效劳动合同劳动合同翻译常用词汇Laborlaw劳动法termofthelaborcontract劳动合同期限remuneration劳动报酬terminatethelaborcontract终止劳动合同responsibilitiesforviolatingthelaborcontract.违反劳动合同的责任trialexecution/theperiodoftrialuse试用期contractuallaborrelationship劳动合同关系dissolvealaborcontract解除劳动合同economiccompensation经济补偿occupationaldiseases职业病jobinjuries工伤termofthelaborcontract劳动合同extendtheworkinghours延长工作时间statutoryholidays法定假日minimumwage最低工资maternityleave产假vocationaltraining职业培训thesocialinsurance社会保险labordisputes劳动争议legitimaterightsandinterests法定权益劳动法律翻译thelabordisputesarbitration劳动争议仲裁extendtheworkinghours延长工作时Severancepay：离职金Sickleave：病假Termination：解雇；终止Terminationatwill：随意终止Trainingexpenses:培训费用Temporaryworker:临时工Unemploymentinsurance：失业保险Union：工会UnitLaborCost：单位劳动成本Variablecompensation：可变报酬Voluntarytimeoff：