主语从句超全讲课教案课件

Noun clauses as the subject 句子句子简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句副词性从句副词性从句形容词性从句形容词性从句名词性从句名词性从句定语从句定语从句 主语从句主语从句subject clause 宾语从句宾语从句object clause 表语从句表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句同位语从句appositive clause比较状语从句地点状语从句时间状语从句让步状语从句条件状语从句目的状语从句方式状语从句结果状语从句原因状语从句什么是主语什么是主语主语：主语：句子说明的人或事物句子说明的人或事物,一般一般位于位于_ 。句首句首I like English.The train left.Jane is good at playing the piano.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.What he has said is true.找出主语找出主语(名名词)（不定式）（不定式）（动名名词）(从句）从句）主语从句主语从句 (Subject Clause)第一讲第一讲:主语从句的概念，什么是主语从主语从句的概念，什么是主语从句。句。在句子中充当主语的就是在句子中充当主语的就是主语从句主语从句。英语名词从句成分的划分是根据句子在从句中的位置划分的，任何一个句子一旦位于某个成分的位置上，它就成了相应的.语从句 他通过了考试让老师很高兴。他通过了考试让老师很高兴。He passed the exam.It made the teacher happy.He passed the exam made the teacher happy.That he passed the exam made the teacher happy.如何理解主语从句如何理解主语从句他何时要来还不清楚。他何时要来还不清楚。When will he come?It is not clear.When will he come is not clear.When he will come is not clear.理解主语从句理解主语从句That he will succeed is certain.Whether he will come makes no difference.What we need is more time.怎样找出主语从句以及主句和从句怎样找出主语从句以及主句和从句结论；结论；判断主语从句的方法；先找到谓语，谓语判断主语从句的方法；先找到谓语，谓语之前的句子就是主语从句。位置：之前的句子就是主语从句。位置：通常放在主句通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替代替,而本身放在而本身放在句子末尾。句子末尾。主语从句的结构：句子+谓语连接词所连接的句子是从句，从句和之后的谓语构成主句。主语从句主语从句+谓语谓语主语从句的句序：it（形主）（形主）+that（真主）（真主）陈述句（用that引导）一般疑问句（用whether引导）特殊疑问句（用when,where,why,how,who,whom,what,which,whose等引导）充当主语的句子一般疑问句作主语需要先将疑问句的倒装语序变成陈述句语序，并在句首加上whether来引导，以保留原句的疑问意义。Whether he will come to my party makes no difference to me.他来不来参加我的聚会对我来说无所谓。特殊疑问句作主语需要先将疑问句的倒装语序变成陈述句语序。Why dinosaurs became extinct is still a mystery.Why did dinosaurs become extinct is still a mystery.恐龙为什么会灭绝目前还是个未解之谜。【例句呈现】【例句呈现】观察下列例句，指出其中所包含的主语观察下列例句，指出其中所包含的主语从句及引导词从句及引导词:1.What is needed for a long trip is careful preparation.该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是 _，引导词为，引导词为 _。What is needed for a whatlong trip练一练2.That Jay Zhou will come to my city excites everybody.该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是 _ _，引导词为，引导词为_。3.Whether we will travel abroad or not has not been decided.该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是 _ _，引导词为，引导词为_。That Jay Zhou willWhether we willcome to my city thattravel abroad or notwhether4.Whoever knows the secret mustnt tell others.该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是_ _，引导词为，引导词为_。5.It remains a puzzle why dinosaurs died out suddenly long time ago.该句中主语从句是该句中主语从句是_，引导词为，引导词为_。Whoever knows the whoeverwhy dinosaurs diedwhysecretout suddenly long time ago主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。引导主语从句的词有引导主语从句的词有从属连词从属连词that,whether,if；连接代词连接代词who,whoever,whom,what,whatever,whose,which；连接副词连接副词when,where,how,why等。等。第二讲：主语从句的引导词及各类主语从句一一.that 引导引导1.that 引导的主语从句，不做成分，无意义，通常不能引导的主语从句，不做成分，无意义，通常不能省略，省略，在句中具有在句中具有“两不两不”原则：原则：一、不作句子成分；一、不作句子成分；二、没有实际意义。二、没有实际意义。当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；如果用不能省略；如果用it作形式主语，则把主语从句放在句末。作形式主语，则把主语从句放在句末。若若that引导的引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首用了形式主语主语从句位于句末，而在句首用了形式主语it，则，则that可以省略。可以省略。It was a pity(that)you didnt go to the talkThat he will come is certain.1.主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免避免“头重头重脚轻脚轻”,常用常用 it 作作形式主语形式主语,而把从句放在后面。而把从句放在后面。例如例如:1.That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible._ _2.That they should like each other is natural._*it为形式主语为形式主语It is natural that they should like each other.It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)It is/系动词系动词+n.+从句从句 It is a pity/shame that.遗憾的是遗憾的是 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是 It is a fact/a problem/a wonder/an honner/a surprise/no wonder难怪难怪/good news/a good thing/a question/that 是事实是事实 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识*_(很遗憾很遗憾)we lost the match.*_(这是事实这是事实)he cheated in the exam.It is a pity thatIt is a fact that2)It is/系动词系动词+adj.+从句从句 常见的形容词是常见的形容词是 Its certain that 肯定肯定 It is possible that.很可能很可能 It is（un）likely that.不可能不可能 It is obvious that 很明显很明显 It is necessary important naturalclear/right/strange/true/good/wonderful/quite/unusual/evident/worth-white/surprising/interesting/astonishing/doubtful/essential/.that这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为（这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为（should)+动词原形动词原形*_(很可能很可能)she will come back tomorrow.*_(很明显很明显)this measure is effective.+(should)+doIt is possible thatIt is obvious that3)It+不及物动词不及物动词+从句从句 It happened that.碰巧碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起我突然想起*_(刚好刚好)I came into the office at that time.*_(我突然想起我突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.It happened thatIt occurred to me that4)It+be+过去分词过去分词+从句从句 这些动词有这些动词有advised有人说有人说/announced据宣布据宣布/consider据认为据认为/decided作出决定作出决定/found out据查明据查明/heard有人听说有人听说/hoped有人希望有人希望/ordered根据命令根据命令/pointed out有人指出有人指出/remembered有人记得有人记得/told据告知据告知/thought有人认为有人认为/turned out结果结果/well known/estimated/expected/hoped/noted/required/demanded/made clear/discussed/It is said that.据说据说 It is known to all that.众所周知众所周知 It is reported that.据报道据报道 It is believed that.据信据信;人们相信人们相信 It is suggested that+(should）do.建议建议It must be admitted that必须承认必须承认 It cannot be denied that 不可否认不可否认 It must be pointed out that需指出的是需指出的是*_(据报道据报道)20 people were killed in the accident.*_(建议建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.It is reported thatIt is suggested that 5）.it+特殊动词+that 从句常用于这种特殊结构的动词；seem,appear显得，happen碰巧/doesnt matter/make no difference/occured 主语从句不可提前。.2.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况1）.if引导的主语从句不可距于复合句句首引导的主语从句不可距于复合句句首2）.It+be+过去分词过去分词+从句从句3）.It doesnt matter how/weather.结构中的主语从句不结构中的主语从句不可提前。可提前。4）it+特殊动词+that 从句常用于这种特殊结构的动词；seem,appear显得，happen碰巧/doesnt matter/make no difference/occured 主语从句不可提前。5）含主语从句的复合结构是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。）含主语从句的复合结构是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?二.whether/if 引导的主语从句。从属连词whether,if 用法whether 用法，表疑问，是否，起连接作用。不做成分。1.引导各种名词从句，除否定的宾语从句外2.用在动词不定式前。He seemed undecided whether to go or stay.3.用在介词后Frequently the question is raised as to whether translation is a science,an art,or a skill.4.用在动词leave,put,discuss,doubt,wonder后。5.与or not(直接连用）是否，会不会。Please tell me whether or not you agree with him.6.与or no(直接连用）总之，无论如何，不论是否I dont know whether or no he is well.7.与no matter 连用，不论是否。No matter whether it rains or not it doesnt concern me.8.引导让步状语从句whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句尾。if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面要用it作形式主语。二者只起连接作用，在从句中不做成分。Its doubtful if/whether this painting is a Picasso.【巩固练习】【巩固练习】用用whether或或if填空。填空。(1)It doesnt matter _ he will come or not.(2)_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.(3)It was doubtful _ Tom really saw Sharon.(4)_ Tom really saw Sharon was doubtful.whether/ifWhetherwhether/ifWhether三.wh类连接代词引导的主语从句。连接代词引导主语从句时，在句中既起连接作用，又再从句中充当主语，宾语。表语或定语。What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Which student will win the first is uncertain.也是引导名词从句的易混点）也是引导名词从句的易混点）连接词词义在句中所例句作成分连接代词who/主，宾，表whom/宾语which/whose/定what原疑问代词的意义；what更常表示：the thing that /the that 所的东西/主语、宾语、表语、定语Pay attention to what the teacher said.Who kept the door open all night was unknown.whoever/whomever/whichever/whatever 无论谁/无论哪个(些)/无论什么主语、宾语、表语、定语Whoever breaks the law will be punished.You can take whichever book you like.1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Why C.What D.How 2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.a.Which;belong to b.As,belonged to c.What;belonging to d.It;belonging to4.Its known to us all _ a form of energy.A.water is B.that water is C.is water D.that water to 5.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A.whether B.that C.what D.when6.What I say and think _ none of your business.A.is B.are C.has D have四.连接副词引导的主语从句。when/where/why/how.连接副词在句中起连接作用，还在从句中充当成分。Why he did it remains a mystery.When they will start is not known yet.How he became a great scientist is known to us all.连接词词义在句中所作成分例句连接副词when/where/why/how 原疑问副词的意义或“的时间(the time when)；的地点(the place where)；的原因(the reason why)”；的方式(the way that)状语When he will go is unknown.I wonder why he tried to avoid me.This room is where I was born.This is how we work.巧记主语从句整句作主语，其后单谓语莫忘加连词，that不略但无义是否置前用whether,其他应用靠翻译主语从句可后置，只需形式主语it把它替五五.连接代词连接副词引导主语从句的易混点连接代词连接副词引导主语从句的易混点1.wh-与与wh-ever引导主语从句的区别（也是引导名引导主语从句的区别（也是引导名词从句的区别）词从句的区别）wh-表示疑问含义，而表示疑问含义，而wh-ever无论无论.强调一切情况。强调一切情况。whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyone who；whichever=any.that1)Whoever leaves the room ought to turn off the lights.(Whoever=Anyone who)无论谁最后离开教室都应该把灯关掉。2)It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.(whatever=anything that)人们普遍认为，孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的。3)Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford.到邮票销售点去，把能够买得起的邮票买下来。2.如何判断是用如何判断是用wh-还是用还是用wh-ever引导主语引导主语从句，或者名词从句从句，或者名词从句做题时，我们要认真分析语境，看看句子要做题时，我们要认真分析语境，看看句子要表达什么意思，如果表示任何一个人或事物，表达什么意思，如果表示任何一个人或事物，无范围可言，就用无范围可言，就用wh-ever;如果有疑问的含如果有疑问的含义，且指的是具体的人或物，就用义，且指的是具体的人或物，就用wh-,_will come to help with my English hasnt been decided.A.No matter who B.Whoever C.Who D.Whatever3.wh-ever 和和no matter wh-的的区区别别。wh-ever 既既可可引引导导主主语语从从句句（或或名名词词从从句句),又又可可引引导导让让步步状状语语从从句句，no matter wh-只只能能引引导导让让步步状状语语从从句句，从句置于主句前后均可。No matter where you go,you will find CocaCola.不管你去哪里,都会有可口可乐Notice:no matter+wh 有时可用在句尾而没有动词跟在后面。如：Ill always help you,no matter what(happens).不管发生什么事，我都会始终如一地帮你。Wh+ever 与no matter+wh 转换两者的意思相同，而且两者都可以引导让步状语从句，因此，引导让步状语从句时，两者可以相互转换。如：1)Whatever(=No matter what)you say,I wont believe you.无论你说什么，我都不相信。2)Whoever(=No matter who)you are,you have no right to do that.不管你是谁，你都没权那样做。3)You can take it with you wherever(=no matter where)you go.无论你走到哪里，你都可以带着它。Notice:当wh+ever 引导主语从句、宾语从句时，不可与no matter+wh 转换。注意注意4 4：who,which,how,when,where,whywho,which,how,when,where,why在所引导的在所引导的主语从句中可担任主语，宾语，状语，主语从句中可担任主语，宾语，状语，不能省略不能省略。可以用。可以用形式主语形式主语itit引导。引导。可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句whether they would support us was a problem5.对于关系代词型what引导的主语从句，通常直接将主语从句放在句首。what we need is money.6.如果句子是疑问句，则必须用带形式主语it的结构。How is it that you are late again?Complete the sentences using what,whether,where,when,who,why,how or that.1.(_ is needed for success)is your hard work.3.(_ we will go tomorrow)hasnt been decided yet.2.(_ they will arrive)has been told to the teacher.4.(_ can join in the sport meet)is decided by the teacher.5.(_ it will rain or not)is not clear.7.(_ the earth is a solid ball)is known to us all.WhatWhen/HowWhere/WhetherWhoWhetherThat6.(_ the earth is becoming warm)is a good topic for research.Why主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Conclusion:翻翻译译下下列列句句子子，比比较较what，whatever，whichever，whoever,whomever引导的从句的类别引导的从句的类别1.These wild flowers are so special that I would do whatever I can to save them.这些野花如此不同寻常我要竭尽全力(做任何我能做的)来拯救它们。宾语从句。第三讲第三讲名词性从句中连接词疑问词名词性从句中连接词疑问词(ever)(ever)用法用法有哪些？有哪些？这些野花如此不同寻常我要做力所能及的事(做我能做的)来拯救它们。宾语从句。喜欢读什么书就读什么书。宾语从句。2.These wild flowers are so special that I would do what I can to save them.3.Read what book you like.无论他说什么，都别信。状语从句。我可以做我能找到的任何工作。宾语从句。4.Dont trust him,whatever he says.5.I can do whatever work I can find.6.Whatever difficulties we meet,we can work them out.7.You should wear whichever dress suits you best.无论遇到什么困难，我们都能解决它们。状语从句。什么衣服最适合你穿，你就应该穿什么。宾语从句。8.There are so many jackets here.Choose whichever you like.9.Whoever does it,it should be well done.这儿有如此多的夹克衫，喜欢哪件就选哪件吧。宾语从句。无论谁做这件事，都要做好它。状语从句。10.Give the book to whoever needs it.11.Whomever you like,do make sure he is honest.把这本书给任何一个需要它的人。宾语从句。无论你喜欢谁，要保证他是诚实的。状语从句。12.I always give whomever I invite a warm welcome.我总是非常热情地欢迎我所邀请的任何人。宾语从句。1.whatever 可以单独作引导词，引导名词性从句或状语从句，也可与名词一起引导名词性从句或状语从句；2.what 可以单独作引导词，也可接名词一起引导名词性从句；3.whichever可以单独作引导词，也可接名词一起引导名词性从句或状语从句；4.whoever 引导名词性从句或状语从句；10 5.whomever引导名词性从句或状语从句，此时它在从句中作宾语，可以用whoever代替；由此可见，what只能引导名词性从句，而whatever，whichever，whoever,whomever 既可以引导名词性从句又可以引导状语从句；whoever,whomever是纯粹引导词，直接引导从句，而what，whatever，whichever 可充当形容词后接名词，此时与后面的名词连用一起引导从句。10第四讲第四讲 主语从句需注意的问题主语从句需注意的问题1.主语从句中用陈述语序主语从句中用陈述语序What she is afraid of is their taking her to Paris.(What is she afraid of Wrong)2.主语从句做主语时，句子谓语单复数问题主语从句做主语时，句子谓语单复数问题（1）主语从句后谓语动词一般用第三人称单数；）主语从句后谓语动词一般用第三人称单数；（2）what引导的从句作主语谓语一般用单数；若从句谓引导的从句作主语谓语一般用单数；若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词常用复数。语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词常用复数。That they havent phoned is strange.what she said is wrong.what we need are books.Remember it （3 3）.如果由如果由andand连接两个连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数；（4 4）.由两个或多个连接由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用词用单数单数。1）How and why he did the experiment are unknown to all.2）How he did the experiment and why he did the experiment is unknown to all.3）When he did the experiment has not been decided yet.练一练练一练判断下列句子是否正确判断下列句子是否正确 isare 3.that引导的主语从句中，引导的主语从句中，that不可不可被省略被省略That price will go up is certain.第第五五讲讲what与与that在在引引导主主语从句从句时的区的区别：观察下列例句，试着翻译例句并总结观察下列例句，试着翻译例句并总结其规律。其规律。(1)What you lack is self-confidence.译为：译为：_你所缺乏的是自信。你所缺乏的是自信。(2)That more and more students are admitted into universities is true.译为：译为：_ _(3)What is needed for the program is more wisdom.译为：译为：_这个项目所需要的是更多的智慧。这个项目所需要的是更多的智慧。越来越多的学生将被大学录取越来越多的学生将被大学录取的消息是真实的。的消息是真实的。从上面例句可以看出，从上面例句可以看出，that引导主语从引导主语从句时，在句中具有句时，在句中具有“两不两不”原则：原则：一、不作句子成分；一、不作句子成分；二、没有实际意义。二、没有实际意义。当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，当它引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；如果用不能省略；如果用it作形式主语，则把作形式主语，则把主语从句放在句末。主语从句放在句末。而而what引导的从句则恰恰相反，引导的从句则恰恰相反，what在从句中的作用为：在从句中的作用为：一、作句子成分；一、作句子成分；二、除了起到引导从句的作用外还二、除了起到引导从句的作用外还 要承担具体的意义。要承担具体的意义。结结论论；what引引导主主语从从句句时在在从从句句中中充充当当句句子子成成分分，如如主主语、宾语、表表语，而而that引引导从从句句，不不充充当当成成分。分。What you said yesterday is right.你你昨昨天天说的的是是对的的。(what引引导主主语从从句句，作作said的的宾语)That English is important is an undoubted fact.英英语很很重重要要是是一一个个不不容容置置疑疑的的事事实。(that引引导主主语从句，不作任何成分，但不可省略从句，不作任何成分，但不可省略)【巩固练习】【巩固练习】用用what或或that填空。填空。(1)_ he told us this morning was just a lie.(2)_ is important to us is enough time.(3)It worries my mom _ she is beginning to get a little fat.(4)_ we cant get seems better than _ we have.WhatWhatthatWhatwhat 他们已经尽力帮助了她。what表示“的事情”(all)the things that。what 在名词从句中用法。在名词从句中用法。that 没有这种用法没有这种用法 翻译下列句子，指出翻译下列句子，指出what 从句具体指代的内容从句具体指代的内容1.Theyve done what they can to help her.他已经不是以前的那个样子了。what表示“的人或的样子”the man that。我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。what表示“的数量或数目”the amount that。2.He is no longer what he was.3.Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。what表示“的时间”the time that。1492年哥伦布到达了现在称作美洲大陆的地方。what表示“的地方”the place that。4.After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.5.In 1492,Columbus reached what is now called America.what含义上相当于汉语的“所”字结构或“的”字结构，表达人或物(含时间，地点，数目等)，相当于定语从句中“先行词关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词。第第六六讲讲 It It 作作形形式式主主语语和和itit引引导导强强调调句的比较句的比较 It 作作形形式式主主语语代代替替主主语语从从句句，主主要要是是为为了了平平衡衡句句子子结结构构，主主语语从从句句的的连连接接词词没没有有变变化化。而而it引引导导的的强强调调句句则则是是对对句句子子某某一一部部分分进进行行强强调调，无无论论强强调调的的是是什什么么成成分分，都都可可用用连连词词that。被被强强调调部部分分指指人人是是也也可可用用who/whom。例如：。例如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.你没去看这场电影太遗憾了。停电时刚好没人值班。翻翻译译下下列列句句子子，判判断断画画线线部部分分从从句句中中哪哪些些是是主主语语从句，并简述理由从句，并简述理由1.It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.2.It happened hat nobody was on wattch when the electricity was cut off.凶案是在拂晓时发生的。我们唤醒自我保护意识是很重要的。3.It is at dawn that the murder took place.4.It is important that we should arouse the awareness of selfprotection.5.It occurred to me that he had informed me of the dos and donts in the examination.我突然想起他已经告诉过我考试的注意事项。主语从句与强调句型的区别主语从句与强调句型的区别1主语从句中的it可以用that从句代替，强调句型不可以。如：It is necessary that we should attend the meeting on time.That we should attend the meeting is necessary.2强调句型中It is/was和that之间的部分叫被强调部分，当把It is/was和that三个单词去掉时，被强调部分可以还原到句子适当位置，而在含有主语从句的句子中It is/was和that之间的部分叫表语，不可 置于其他位置。第七讲主语从句中的虚拟语气第七讲主语从句中的虚拟语气1）.用于用于It is important/natural/necessary/impossible that.句型中句型中,主语从句应使用虚拟语气主语从句应使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用谓语动词用“should+动动词原形词原形”的形式的形式,should有时可以省略。有时可以省略。2)在在It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required 中中,that从句的谓语也应该用从句的谓语也应该用“should+动词原形动词原形”的形式的形式,should有时可以省略。有时可以省略。I insisted that he（should）do it at once.She suggested that the work（should）be finished at once.The mayor ordered that the bridge(should)be repaired as soon as possbile.注意：在注意：在suggest,insist,demand,order,require 等表示建议，等表示建议，命令，要求的动词后，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。如：1.It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language.A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master 2.His suggestion was that we_another meeting to discuss the question.A.hold B.would hold C.held D.holding 5.wish后，从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步，后，从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步，即即 wish that did/were(跟现在相反跟现在相反)would+do(跟将来相反跟将来相反)had done(跟过去相反跟过去相反)I wish that I _that film star yesterday.A saw B.had seen C would see D has seen would rather that sb did sth sb had done