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Guessingmeanings阅读理解Guessingmeanings学习目标1.了解高考阅读理解的了解高考阅读理解的考纲要求考纲要求和题型类型。和题型类型。2.熟悉词义猜测题的熟悉词义猜测题的题型特点题型特点和和解题策略。解题策略。3.激情投入英语学习，享受阅读激情投入英语学习，享受阅读快乐。快乐。学习目标1.了解高考阅读理解的考纲要求和题型类型。高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：中获取相关信息。考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；、根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；、作出判断和理解；、作出判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图，观点和态度、理解作者的意图，观点和态度。高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求要求考生读懂 根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能,因此因此,词词义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型。义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型。这类题包括猜测单词、短语、句子的意这类题包括猜测单词、短语、句子的意思和判断指代内容。思和判断指代内容。根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生必须掌握的一项如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义这种种题型常型常见的的设题方式有：方式有：1）The underlined word（phrase）in the passage means _ 2）The word it（them）in the first paragraph refers to _ 3）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _4）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？分析题干能力分析题干能力如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义这种题型常见的设题方式有：分析unconditional:无条件的无条件的,绝对的绝对的 adj.condition conditional 情况，条件情况，条件 n.有条件的有条件的 adj.unconditional:Group1 unconditional:无条件的,conditioncnonjudgmental:没有判断力的没有判断力的judge judgment judgmental判断判断 v.判断判断 n.adj.nonjudgmental:nonjudgmental:没有判断力的judgejudg归纳归纳1 1：根根据据构构词词法法（合合成成、派派生生、转转化化）进进行行判断判断英英语语中中，有有很很多多词词可可以以在在前前面面加加前前缀缀，后后面面加加后后缀缀，从从而而构构成成一一个个词词，乍乍看看起起来来，这这个个词词可可能能是是生生词词，但但掌掌握握了了一一定定的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。归纳1：根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断superman microwave(超人超人)nonnatural mispronounce(非自然的非自然的)homeless nonsmoker(无家可归的无家可归的)rebuild eastwards(重建重建)Can you guess the right meanings?(微波微波)(非烟民非烟民)(发错音发错音)(向东向东)supermanmicrowaGroup2 1.It will be very hard but also very brittle that is,it will break easily2.The purpose of the campaign was to catch“ringers”,students who take tests for other students.脆的脆的冒名替考者冒名替考者Group21.Itwillbeveryhar3.Anthropology is the scientific study of man.Anthropology means _.4.The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope,an instrument for listening to patients heartbeat and breathing.人类学人类学 听诊器听诊器人类学听诊器规则规则2 2：根据上下文解释做出判断：根据上下文解释做出判断：1 1根据文中的定根据文中的定义、解、解释猜生猜生词：2 2根据同位或解释关系：根据同位或解释关系：3.3.根据并列同类关系根据并列同类关系:猜词能力猜词能力逻辑词：逻辑词：be,be called,means,be defined as,that is（to say）,namely,in other words,ect 通通过过生生词词后后的的定定语语(定定语语从从句句或或分分词词短短语语等等)、表表语语、同同位位语语、逗逗号号、括括号号、破破折折号号等等的的解解释释说说明明来推测其意思。来推测其意思。and,or，not only but also 等并列的几个事物应属同类事物,由此可推测其中一个的大概意思。规则2：根据上下文解释做出判断：猜词能力逻辑词：be,be1.(广东卷广东卷)Parents and kids today dress alike,listen to the same music,and are friends.Is this a good thing?Sometimes,when Mr.Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter,Elizabeth,listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy,such as pop culture,he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.“I would never have said to my mom,Hey,the new Weezer album is really great.How do you like it?”says Ballmer.“There was just a complete gap in taste.”Music was not the only gulf.From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations,earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.1.(广东卷)Parentsandkidstoday The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _.A.interestB.distanceC.differenceD.separationTheunderlinedwordgulfinP2.(广东卷广东卷)However,men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time.They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun.They marked the hours on candles,used sand in hour-glasses,and invented water-clocks.Indeed,any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces,stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.2.(广东卷)However,menquicklyfThe underlined phrase stately homes in paragraph 4 meansA.state-owned houses B.houses in very good conditionC.grand houses open to the publicD.houses where statesmen meet regularlyTheunderlinedphrasestately3.However,some 165 million children suffer from long-term undernutrition,leading to 3.1 million child deaths every year.It also leaves many of those children that do survive permanently impaired and unable to reach their full potential.What does the underlined word“impaired”in Paragraph 2 mean?A cared.B.needed.C.harmed.D.supported.3.However,some165millioncGroup31.Unlike the United States where many different nationalities make up the population,Japans population is quite homogeneous.2.Andrew is one of the most supercilious man I know.His brother,in contrast,is quite humble and modest.单一民族的单一民族的目空一切目空一切,傲慢的傲慢的Group31.UnliketheUnitedSt 3.Although the early morning had been very cool,the noonday sun was tropical.4.He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.热的热的恶化恶化3.Althoughtheearlymorni规则规则3 3：根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据转折或对比关系进行判断猜词能力猜词能力逻逻辑辑词词:but,though,although,however,yet,otherwise,or,while,unlike,on the one handon the other hand,for one thingfor another thing,instead of,rather than 等等规则3：根据转折或对比关系进行判断猜词能力逻辑词:but,1.It is probably not your fault,but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation,you are a loser.You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation.However,you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation.This is the winners key to success.1.The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .A avoid B.accept C.improve D consider Theunderlinedwordremedyi 2.In Kennons opinion,however,the cat was a hopeless case.Many doctors would have put down such a badly hurt animal.But she couldnt be so cruel.The kittens bright eyes and sad face had won her over.There was no way of finding his owner,so Kennon,a single woman aged 56,decided to keep him.2.InKennonsopinion,howeveThe underlined phrase“put down”in Paragraph 2 most probably means_.A.hurt B.killed C.refused D.replacedTheunderlinedphrase“putdow Group 41.All his attempts to unlock the door was futile,because she was using the wrong key.2.The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.3The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.徒劳的，无效的徒劳的，无效的凋谢凋谢,枯萎枯萎浑浊不清的浑浊不清的Group4徒劳的，无效的凋谢,规则4：根据因果关系进行判断根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。猜词能力猜词能力逻辑词逻辑词:because,since,as,for,due to,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thus,so that规则4：根据因果关系进行判断猜词能力逻辑词:becauseWhen Lin was little,he loved disassembling things to look at how they work.Even though he often failed at putting them back together,his curiosity was never satisfied and he laid hands on everything,except computers.“My parents told me not to disassemble computers because theyre expensive,so I researched the software instead,”says Lin.When he went to university,Lin chose a subject that was related to engineering and programming.WhenLinwaslittle,helovedWhich of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word“disassemble”?A.look through B.search intoC.take apart D.focus onWhichofthefollowinghastheGroup 5Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽装置装置Group5家禽装置规则规则 5：example 举例法举例法 逻辑词逻辑词:such,such as,like,for example，for instance,especially,include,consist of 规则5：example举例法逻辑词:such,suc1.Another master of paper-folding is Jen Stark.Her artwork is often in the form of colorful caves and topographic(地形的地形的)maps.Using her vivid imagination and a special knife,she is a modern day magician who turns humble materials like construction paper and glue into fantastic,complicated sculptures that puzzle the eyes.Her work draws inspiration from nature.1.Anothermasterofpaper-fol What does the underlined word“humble”in the last paragraph probably mean?A.common and popular B.simple and cheap C.useless and priceless D.numb and meaninglessWhatdoestheunderlinedword2.I died eight times during my coma and I couldnt talk or communicate when I woke up.Walking was never going to happen again due to all the extreme injuries.Just like my body,my dreams were almost shattered.But I was not going to let my injuries prevent me from living my dreams.2.IdiedeighttimesduringmyWhat does the underlined word“shattered”in Paragraph 3 mean?A.begun B.destroyed C.shared D.takenWhatdoestheunderlinedword根据近年来高考根据近年来高考阅读理解理解对同学同学们提出提出新的要求，建新的要求，建议同学同学们在以下几个方面在以下几个方面加加强强自我自我训练！1 1猜猜测熟熟词新含新含义猜词能力猜词能力“It was the best night we had ever had”,said Angela Carraro,who runs an Italian restaurant.经营经营根据近年来高考阅读理解对同学们提出新的要求，建议同学们在以下The American population was the tallest in the world from about the American Revolution to World War IIthats a long time.The U.S.had a very resource-rich environment，with game，fish and wildlife.31.The word game in(line 2，para.1)refers to_.A.animals hunted for food B.rich natural resourcesC.activities played by kids D.sports events to be heldTheAmericanpopulationwasth2猜测词性变换新词含义猜测词性变换新词含义猜词能力猜词能力When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago，how could they even begin to picture modern life?想象想象2猜测词性变换新词含义猜词能力Whenmena1.Definition 定义法3.Similarity 相似法2.Contrast 对比法4.Cause and effect 因果法5.Example 举例法.Common Sense 普通常识 6.Word Formation 构词法猜测词义.Context 上下文 1.Definition定义法3.Similarity 同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。教师点评教师点评同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常Homework:1.Draw a conclusion about how to guess words.2.Finish the exercise on your guiding paper.Thankyouforyourlistening
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