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省省 略略省 略省省 略略定义定义 为为了了避避免免重重复复，突突出出关关键键词词语语，并并使使上上下下文文紧紧密密连连接接，在在句句子子中中有有时时就就省省去去了了一一个个或或几几个个句句子子成成分分。这这种种语语法法手手段段就就称称为为省省略略。省省略略是是重重要要的的修修辞辞原原则则，因因此此，只只要要不不损损害语法结构，不产生歧义，能省略的就应省略。害语法结构，不产生歧义，能省略的就应省略。省 略简单句中的省略简单句中的省略1.省略主语省略主语祈祈使使句句中中主主语语通通常常省省略略；其其他他省省略略主主语语多多限限于于少少数数现现成成的的说法。说法。(1)(I)Thank you for your help.(2)(It)Doesnt matter.2.省略主谓或主谓语的一部分省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 What/How(do you think)about a cup of tea?简单句中的省略3.在在对对话话或或并并列列句句中中，如如果果主主语语、谓谓语语不不同同，而而宾宾语语相相同同，则常省去相同的宾语部分。则常省去相同的宾语部分。Tom enjoys dancing,but Peter hates(dancing).3.在对话或并列句中，如果主语、谓语不同，而宾语相同，则常省4.省省略略作作宾宾语语的的不不定定式式短短语语，只只保保留留to，但但如如果果该该宾宾语语是是动动词词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或或have。Are you going there?Yes,Id like to(go there).注注意意：在在下下列列词词后后常常省省略略不不定定式式但但要要保保留留to:want,wish,like,hate,hope,intend,plan,love,refuse,expect，但但当当want 和和like用于从句中时，用于从句中时，to常常省略。常常省略。4.省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词b5.结构省略结构省略可可以以根根据据通通常常的的语语法法结结构构加加以以判判断断，比比如如省省略略表表语语或或同同时时省略几个成分。但在否定句中不能省略。省略几个成分。但在否定句中不能省略。We have lived here(for)ten years.I havent seen you for three months.5.结构省略并列句中的省略并列句中的省略1.在后一并列分句中凡是与上下文相同的成分通常都要省略。在后一并列分句中凡是与上下文相同的成分通常都要省略。My office was on the tenth floor,and his(office was)on the twelfth(floor).并并列列句句的的省省略略有有时时还还可可出出现现在在前前面面的的分分句句中中，这这时时被被省省略略的词语便出现在下文。的词语便出现在下文。George will(take the course)and Bob might take the course.并列句中的省略2.省略动词省略动词+宾语或补语宾语或补语I will buy a house.He will(buy a house)too.3.省略主语省略主语+谓语动词谓语动词We still have shortcomings,and(we have)very big ones,too.注注意意：出出现现在在并并列列句句中中的的be,have,do,如如果果在在一一个个分分句句中中作作助动词，而在另一个分句中作行为动词，不可省略。助动词，而在另一个分句中作行为动词，不可省略。4.省略主语省略主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语They tried to prevent the pollution,but(they did)not(prevent the pollution)very successfully at the beginning.2.省略动词+宾语或补语复合句中的省略复合句中的省略1.复复合合句句中中的的省省略略现现象象常常见见于于从从句句中中，主主句句中中的的省省略略通通常常出出现在句首。现在句首。Hope you will have a good journey.2.有有时时整整个个主主句句都都可可省省略略，这这种种省省略略通通常常出出现现在在简简短短答答语语中。中。Are you going to buy the house?Unless my wife objects.复合句中的省略3.复复合合句句中中的的省省略略现现象象多多出出现现在在状状语语从从句句中中，在在某某些些状状语语从从句句中中，从从句句的的主主语语与与主主句句的的主主语语一一致致时时或或主主语语是是it时时，可可省省去去“主语主语+be”部分。部分。Although hard-working,he couldnt earn enough even to support him.4.引引导导宾宾语语从从句句的的从从属属连连词词只只要要从从句句不不长长，that通通常常都都可可省省略略。但但如如果果从从句句较较长长或或从从句句的的语语境境较较复复杂杂,连连词词that 不不能能省省略。略。1）I hope(that)all will go well.2）She has made it clear that she will have nothing to do with him.3.复合句中的省略现象多出现在状语从句中，在某些状语从句中，5.在在than或或as引导的从句中的省略。引导的从句中的省略。Many others are doing better than we are.6.省省略略一一个个从从句句或或从从句句的的一一部部分分，可可用用so 或或 not代代替替。常常用用于于 此此 类类 的的 动动 词词 有有 believe,think,expect,guess,hope,imagine,suppose,say,tell以及以及appear,seem,afraid等。等。Is he coming back tonight?I think so.5.在than或as引导的从句中的省略。7.连连词词if在在部部分分虚虚拟拟条条件件句句中中可可省省略略，但但后后面面的的语语序序有有变变化。化。Had they time,they would certainly come and help us.7.连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。8.不定式符号不定式符号to的省略。的省略。(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的并列的不定式可省去后面的 to。I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.(2)某某些些使使役役动动词词（let,make,have）及及感感官官动动词词（see,watch,hear,notice,observe等等）后后面面作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的不不定定式一定要省去式一定要省去 to,但在被动语态中须将但在被动语态中须将to 复原。复原。I saw the boy fall from the tree.8.不定式符号to的省略。(3)介词介词but前若有动词前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带后面的不定式不带 to。The boy did nothing but play.(4)主主语语从从句句中中有有动动词词do,后后面面作作表表语语的的不不定定式式的的 to可可带带可可不带。不带。All we can do now is(to)wait.(3)介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带 to。1.(2014福福建建高高考考)The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely,_,reaching 30in summer.A.if notB.if everC.if anyD.if so【解解析析】选选B。考考查查状状语语从从句句的的省省略略。句句意意:这这儿儿气气候候宜宜人人,如如果果曾曾经经有有过过(高高温温)的的话话,夏夏天天温温度度也也很很少少达达到到30摄摄氏氏度度。if ever意意为为“如如果果曾曾经经有有过过或或即即使使有有过过的的话话”,其其作作用用是是缓缓和和语语气气。if not如如果果不不是是这这样样的的话话;if any如如果果有有一一些些的的话话;if so如果是这样的话。如果是这样的话。【高考链接】【高考链接】1.(2014福建高考)The climate here2.(2014湖湖南南高高考考)Children,when_by their parents,are allowed to enter the stadium.A.to be accompanied B.to accompanyC.accompanying D.accompanied【解解析析】选选D。考考查查状状语语从从句句的的省省略略形形式式。句句意意:有有家家长长陪陪伴伴时时,孩孩子子们们才才被被允允许许进进入入体体育育场场。在在状状语语从从句句中中,当当主主句句主主语语与与从从句句主主语语一一致致,且且谓谓语语动动词词含含有有be或或be的的某某种种形形式式时时,可可以以省省略略从从句句中中的的主主语语和和be。设设空空处处的的完完整整形形式式为为when they are accompanied by.,省略了省略了they are。2.(2014湖南高考)Children,when_3.(2013福福建建高高考考)Anyone,once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus,will receive free medical treatment from our government.A.to be testedB.being testedC.testedD.to test【解解析析】选选C。考考查查状状语语从从句句的的省省略略。句句意意:任任何何一一个个人人一一旦旦被被检检测测到到携携带带阳阳性性H7N9流流感感病病毒毒,将将会会接接受受来来自自我我们们政政府府的的免免费费治治疗疗。若若主主句句与与状状语语从从句句的的主主语语一一致致,状状语语从从句句中中又又含含有有系系动动词词be,则则可可省省略略状状语语从从句句的的主主语语和和系系动动词词,该该从从句句补补充完整为充完整为once anyone is tested.,故选故选C。3.(2013福建高考)Anyone,once _4.(2013新课标全国卷新课标全国卷)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police_.1.A.not to do B.not to2.C.not do D.do not【解解析析】选选B。考考查查动动词词不不定定式式的的省省略略。句句意意:司司机机想想把把车车停停在路边在路边,但是警察提醒他不可以。此处是但是警察提醒他不可以。此处是ask sb.to do的被动的被动语态形式语态形式,所以首先排除所以首先排除C、D两项。动词不定式符号两项。动词不定式符号to指代指代前面的前面的to park his car near the roadside,为了避免重复为了避免重复,直接直接用用to。4.(2013新课标全国卷)The driver wan5.(2012陕陕西西高高考考)All the photographs in this book,_ stated otherwise,date from the 1950s.A.unless B.until C.once D.if【解解析析】选选A。考考查查连连词词及及状状语语从从句句的的省省略略。句句意意:这这本本书书里里的的相相片片,除除非非有有说说明明,否否则则都都是是二二十十世世纪纪五五十十年年代代的的。unless=if.not,表表示示“除除非非”。unless stated=unless they are stated,是状语从句的省略。是状语从句的省略。5.(2012陕西高考)All the photogr6.（2011江江苏苏高高考考）It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine._wed better take it to the garage immediately.A.Otherwise B.If not C.But for that D.If so【解解析析】选选D。考考查查省省略略结结构构，句句意意：听听起起来来好好像像汽汽车车引引擎擎出出故故障障了了。如如果果这这样样的的话话，我我们们最最好好立立即即把把它它送送到到汽汽修修厂厂。otherwise否否则则，要要不不然然；if not如如果果不不这这样样的的话话；but for that要要不不是是因因为为那那样样；if so如如果果这这样样的的话话。根根据据句句意意可可知知D项符合句意。项符合句意。6.（2011江苏高考）It sounds like so【课堂训练】【课堂训练】1.While _ the dog,you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.A.walked B.was walking C.being walked D.walking2.Be careful when you cross this busy street._,you may get run over by a car.A.If not B.If so C.If any D.What if【课堂训练】1.While _ the dog3.Though _ money,his mother tried her best to send him to university.A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in4.The boy wanted to go on a trip to Tibet alone,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not do it3.Though _ money,his mot
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