葡萄酒基础知识10612

葡萄酒基础知识内容概述TableofContents葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties葡萄酒的起源OriginsofWine葡萄酒的酿造Vinification红白葡萄品种Red&WhiteGrapes新旧世界对比NewWorldVSOldWorld葡萄酒的品尝WineTaste葡萄酒与美食FoodPairings1.葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties什么是葡萄酒WhatsWine葡萄酒就是100%经过发酵的葡萄汁Wineis100%fermentedgrapejuice酿制葡萄酒神奇的方程式ThemagicformulaofWinemaking这个神奇的方程式就是：糖+酵母=酒精+二氧化碳+化合物Themagicformulais:sugar+yeast=alcohol+co2+chemicalcompound1.葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties按颜色分类ClassifybyColor按酒内糖酒内糖分ClassifybySugar按饮用方式ClassifybyFood1.葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties按颜色分类Definedbycolor红葡萄酒：带皮发酵Redwine：Fermentedwithskinsandothersolids白葡萄酒：不带皮发酵Whitewine:Fermentedwithoutskinandsolids桃红葡萄酒：红葡萄酒短期浸渍Rosewine:Macerationinshortpiriod1.葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties按酒内糖分Definedbysugar干葡萄酒Dry40g/L1.葡萄酒的种类WineVarieties按饮用方式Definedbycourse开胃葡萄酒AperitifWine佐餐葡萄酒TableWine餐后葡萄酒DessertWine2.葡萄酒的起源OriginsofWine外高加索地区Transcaucasia美索不达米亚Mesopotamia腓尼基人(1100B.C.开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树）Phoenicians（StarttotransportvinesaroundEurope)埃及坟墓中的证据EvidenceinEgyptiantombs葡萄酒的简史WineHistory埃及人饮用葡萄酒成了埃及文化精髓的一部分，记录了葡萄酒年份和葡萄园，甚至在套管上课路了酿酒师的名字，在古埃及贵族坟墓里可以找到这些证据。最初只会饮用葡萄酒，后来学会在尼罗河三角洲种植葡萄酒TheEgyptiansdrinkingwinebecameamajorpartofthecultureofEgyptianelite.Recordedvintages,vineyards,evenwinemakernamesontheirclaypots,someofwhichwereplacedinthetombsofthenobility.TheEgyptianswerewinedrinkersfirst,butsoonlearnedtogrowgrapesinthefertileNileRiverdelta葡萄酒的简史WineHistory埃及人和腓尼基人是闪族人的两大贸易合作伙伴TwogroupswithwhomtheSumerianstradedweretheEgyptiansandthePhoenicians腓尼基人(1100B.C.开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树）1100B.C.商业社会，开始在欧洲各地运输葡萄树Phoenicians（StarttotransportvinesaroundEurope)1100B.C.MercantilesocietystartedtotransportvinesaroundEurope最出色的航海家。地中海盆地-北非-南欧-西不骆驼岩山,Thefinestseatravelersintheirage.MediterraneanbasinandestablishedcoloniesinnorthAfricaandinsouthernEuropeasfarastheRockofGibraltar.Winedrinkersgo,vinegoestoo葡萄酒的简史WineHistory希腊人Greeks日常健康饮料socialbeverage殖民欧洲.带葡萄树回家.贡献：将新葡萄酒品种核心技术引进法国南部，西班牙，最重要的是意大利ColonizesEurope.Broughtvinestopermanenthome.Contribution:spreadvine,broughtnewgrapesandnewtechniquestosouthernFrance,Spain,andperhapsmostimportantly,tosouthernItaly.葡萄酒的简史WineHistory罗马人对整个欧洲影响深远，用手稿记录了葡萄栽培和酿造，了解土壤，坡度和葡萄园方位的重要性，提高酿酒技术，发展欧洲贸易。对欧洲葡萄区重要贡献，包括：法国勃艮第，波尔多，香槟，阿尔萨斯，隆和谷，卢瓦尔谷，德国莱茵高，奥地利多瑙河流域等。ItisdifficulttooverstatetheimportanceoftheRomansforthedevelopmentofwinecultureinEurope.TheRomansproducedmanualsdescribinggrapegrowingandwinemaking,understoodtheimportanceofsoil,slopeandvienyardaspect,anddevelopedapan-Europewinetrade3.葡萄酒的酿造WineVinification自然条件自然条件 naturalnatural+天气weather=微气候uniqueclimate+土壤soil=“风土”terrior酿造技术酿造技术 vinificationvinification选择葡萄品种grapetypes(最适合“风土”)terrior酿造工艺vinification-种植growing-发酵fermentation-陈酿aging-调配blending地理环境geographic“Terrior”这是一个法语词，它的含义广泛，包括葡萄种植区域的传统，气候，土壤，湿度，光照时间，以及酿酒师的技艺等方面。我们把它概括翻译成“风土条件”。正是这个特定的“风土条件”使得每个葡萄种植区域都富有自己的特色。“Terrior”isaFrenchtermofwineindustry.Itembracesseveralmeaningsincludingthetradition,climate,soil,humidity,sunshineandalltheelementslikethesemakingawine-makingregionuniquetotheotheronesallovertheworld.Atitscoreistheassumptionthatthelandfromwhichthegrapesaregrownimpartsauniquequalitythatisspecifictothatregion.Fouloirs rouleaux整串葡萄整串葡萄 Whole grapes压榨压榨 press泵泵 pumpPompe泵泵 pump白葡萄白葡萄 white grspes澄清容澄清容 器器 Racking tank固体杂固体杂质沉淀质沉淀Deposit ofsolids发酵罐发酵罐 Fermentation tank温度控制温度控制 temp control18-20C温控发酵温控发酵 Temperature control葡萄汁流出葡萄汁流出 draining榨汁机榨汁机 crushing添加二氧化硫添加二氧化硫Addition of sulphurdioxide红葡萄红葡萄Red grapes去梗去梗DestemmingStems removed滚筒滚筒榨汁机榨汁机Rollercrusher添加二氧化硫添加二氧化硫Addition sulphur dioxide泵泵发酵容器发酵容器Fermentation vat葡萄皮和籽的混合物葡萄皮和籽的混合物 30C Must at 30Pump降温液体降温液体Cooling liquid降温液体降温液体Cooling liquid凉水凉水 cold water降温过程降温过程 cooling葡萄皮和籽的混合物降温至葡萄皮和籽的混合物降温至25CMust cooled to 25CRemontage榨渣榨渣marc葡萄皮和籽的混合物葡萄皮和籽的混合物 must葡萄榨渣的抽取葡萄榨渣的抽取Spraying ofthe marc cap4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesChardonnay葡萄特征Featuresofgrape果粒大，黄色，边缘棕色斑点Largeyellowberrieswithbrownspots产量中高Naturallymedium-highyields 4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesChardonnay著名产区Notableregion勃艮第：风格多样，夏布力,莫尔索，布衣复赛Burgundy,widerangeofstyles,Chablis,Meursault,Pouilly-Fuisse香槟产区（气泡酒）Champagne（sparklingwine)加州：浓郁，橡木风味California:rich,oakystyle澳大利亚：热带水果，橡木风味Australia:tropicalflavors,oaky4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesChardonnay口感Palate中等酸度Mediumacidity中-高酒精度Moderatetohighalcohol中-重酒体Mediumtofull-body极少酿甜酒Rarelyproducedinsweetstyle4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesSauvignonBlanc外观通用描述Appearance葡萄特征Featuresofgrape中等大小果粒Medium-sizedberries高酸，特别茂盛Highnaturalacidity.Particularlyvigorous4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesSauvignon Blanc Sauvignon Blanc 口感口感 Palate高酸度 High acidity中等酒精度 Moderate alcohol中轻酒体 Light to medium body A bunch of Riesling grapes after the onset of noble rot.The difference in colour between affected and unaffected grapes is clearly visible botryis干型和甜型 Dry and sweet styles4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesRiesling Riesling 外观通用描述外观通用描述 Appearance葡萄特征葡萄特征 Features of grapes果粒小，果粒小，紧凑紧凑 Compact clusters of small berries萌芽早，萌芽早，晚熟晚熟 Early budding,late growing4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties其他常见白葡萄品种：其他常见白葡萄品种：Other white grapes varieties 麝香：非加强型(芦笋，细腻白肉），加强型(奶油奶酪，冰激凌，水果挞馅饼）Muscat:non-fortified wine(asparagus,delicate white meats),fortified style(creamy cheese,ice cream,fruit tarts)灰皮诺：梨，香料，苹果，花香，柑橘味，配合烤白肉，鹅肉，鸡肝酱，浓郁的奶酪 Pinot gris:pear,spice,apple,flora,citrus,pairings with roasted white meats,goose,chicken liver pate,strong cheese 4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties其他常见白葡萄品种其他常见白葡萄品种：Other white grapes varieties 白诗南：甘草，苹果，湿羊毛，花香，搭配山羊奶酪，法式酱和烩牛肉，苹果派 Chenin Blanc:hay,apple,wet wool,floral,pairings with goats cheese,pates and terrines,apple pie.4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesRegion of origin产地产地Color 色泽色泽Fruitiness 水果味水果味Body 酒体酒体Dryness口感口感“干干”Aroma 香味香味霞多丽霞多丽ChardonnayEast France 法国中部，法国中部，东部东部Green Apple,Pineapple,Lemon 青苹果，菠萝，柠檬的青苹果，菠萝，柠檬的香味香味长相思长相思Sauvignon BlancSouth,France 法国南部法国南部Leafy,Grass,“Earthy”flavor 叶子，青草叶，有如叶子，青草叶，有如“尘土尘土”的气息的气息雷司令雷司令 RieslingGermany 德国德国Flower,Honey鲜花和蜂蜜的味道鲜花和蜂蜜的味道4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarietiesCabernetSauvignon外观通用描述Appearance葡萄特征Featuresofgrapes果串长且松散Looseandlongbunches果皮厚，籽大Thickskin,largepips萌芽晚，晚熟，产量低Latebudding,lateripens,lowyields4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties Pinot Noir Pinot Noir 外观通用描述外观通用描述 Appearance葡萄特征 Features of grapes果串紧凑，皮较薄 Compact bunches,relatively thin-skinned萌芽早，早熟 Early budding,early ripens中等产量 Moderate yields4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties Pinot Noir Pinot Noir 口感口感 Palate中-高酸度 Medium to high acidity中低单宁 Low to medium tannins中轻酒体 Light to medium body中等酒精度 Medium alcohol4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties Merlot Merlot 外观通用描述外观通用描述 Appearance果粒大，果串松散 Large berries,loose bunches果皮薄，萌芽早，早熟 Thin skin,early budding,early ripens产量比赤霞珠高 Higher yielding than cabernet sauvignon4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties Shiras Shiras 外观通用描述外观通用描述 Appearance中等大小果粒，果串紧凑 Medium sized berries,tight bunches萌芽晚，早熟 Late budding,early ripens中等产量 Moderate yields4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties其他常见红葡萄品种：其他常见红葡萄品种：Other red grapes varieties 品丽珠：中深宝石红，中等口感，香料，覆盆子，巧克力牛奶味，适合烤肉，胡椒酱牛排 Cabernet Franc:medium to deep ruby,medium palate,grilled meats,steak with pepper sauce金粉带：中深紫色，宝石红，重酒体，高酒精，蓝莓，樱桃，黑色水果，红茶，适合不同口味（亚洲料理，烤野味，黑巧克力）Zinfandel:medium to deep purple/ruby,very full body,high alcohol,pairings with spicy Asian food,grilled game,dark chocolate4.常见葡萄品种GrapeVarieties 其他常见红葡萄品种：其他常见红葡萄品种：Other red grapes varieties 佳美：中等石榴红，低单宁，轻酒体，花香，糖果，泡泡堂，巧克力，搭配干香肠，火腿，鸡肝酱 Gamay:medium garnet,low tannins,light body,flowers,candy,bubblegum,chocolate,pairings with dried sausage,ham and chicken liver pates5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting外观 Appearance 气味 Nose口感 Palate结论结论 Conclusion5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting外观 Appearance澄清度ClarityWine can be both opaque and clear颜色的深度 Depth of ColorPale,moderate or intense颜色 ColorStraw,yellow or gold.Brown/red,ruby or purple5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting色泽呈深红色，酒体浑厚的红酒 Dark and intense red color,it is a full-body red wine酒液呈明显的砖红色，属于酒体适中的红酒 The color is brick red,a medium-body red 该酒的颜色明显较前两款更浅，属于桃红酒 The color is obviously lighter than the former two,its a rose one明显的金黄色泽，是酒体浑厚的白葡萄酒 Gold yellow,a full-body white wine酒色呈柠檬黄,典型的气泡酒(香槟)The color is lemon yellow,a typical sparkling(Champagne)5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting干净ClearnessAbsenceofoff-orders(flaws)气味的浓度IntensityofsmellLow,mediumorintense特征CharacterFruity,floralorearthy5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting葡萄酒的香味并不是单单通过鼻腔来感觉的，各种香气的分子通过口腔达到感官黏膜来感觉气味The smell of wine is not accessed via the nostrils alone;volatile aroma molecules also reach the olfactory mucosa through the back of the oral cavity葡萄酒的香气直接通过鼻孔吸入Direct route taken by aroma molecules via the nostrils香气分子通过口腔后端，从而人体能够感觉到Route taken by aroma molecules via the nasopharynx5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting口感Palate甜味SweetnessDry,off-dryorsweet酸味AcidityTinglingsensationonsidesoftongueSourtasteLow,mediumorhigh5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting单宁TenninsOnlynecessaryinaredtastingnoteDryingsensationonpalateandgumsLow,mediumandhigh酒精AlcoholHeatinthemouthandthroatlow,mediumandhigh回味Finish5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting1-怎么品酒Howtotasteawine抿一小口葡萄酒在口中,让口腔中的每一个部位都接触到葡萄酒,吸几口空气,以带出葡萄酒的香味，并细细品味Sipthewineandletitgoaroundinyourmouth,thentakeinsomeairtooxygenatethewineandfeelthenuancesoftheflavor2-品什么Whattotaste1-Attackgivenbyacidity感受葡萄酒特有的酸味给你的第一感觉 5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting2Balance 感觉葡萄酒是否平衡3Body感觉葡萄酒的酒体4-Endofmouth感受葡萄酒在嘴里的回味5-LengthStops感觉回味在口中的延伸感5.葡萄酒品尝WineTasting结论 Conclusion平衡度 BalanceHarmony of flavor and other elements成熟 MaturityRequires aging,ready-to-drink or over-the-hill品质Quality Assessed using length,balance and range of flavor characteristics6.葡萄酒与美食Wine&Food基本原则基本原则 Basics葡萄酒可以清口 Wine refreshes the palate between bites食物和葡萄酒中的成分相辅相克 Elements in food and wine can complement or detract from each other红配红，白配白 Red to red,white to white6.葡萄酒与美食Wine&Food基本原则基本原则 Basics葡萄酒的酒体与食物的食体搭配 Weight of wine matches weight of dish葡萄酒的风味与食物的风味相得益彰 Wine flavor may echo with food flavor葡萄酒的风味可以与食物形成对比 Wine flavor may contrast with food flavor复杂的菜配简单的酒，简单的酒配复杂的菜 Complex wines with simple dishes,simple wine with more complicated dishes6.葡萄酒与美食Wine&Food各种成分的互相作用各种成分的互相作用 Components the interact酒精显热 Alcohol accentuates heat甜显酸 Sweetness accentuates acidity甜可以降低另外一种甜味 Sweetness reduces perception of tannin脂肪和蛋白质减少单宁带来的感觉 Fat and protein reduce perception of tannin食盐减少单宁带来的感觉 Salt reduces perception of tannin6.葡萄酒与美食Wine&Foodv一般来说，葡萄酒都可以用来配菜，而且葡萄酒行业有句俗话叫“红酒配红肉，白酒配白肉。”讲的就是葡萄酒和菜肴的搭配。vGenerally speaking,we can pare food with wines and theres a saying:Red Meat goes with Red Wine while White Meat goes with White Wine所谓的红肉就是指那些味道比较浓所谓的红肉就是指那些味道比较浓的肉类的肉类Red Meat refers to those kinds of meat with strong flavor牛肉 Beef/Steak羊肉 Lamb猪肉 Pork鹿肉 Deer兔肉 Rabbit狗肉 Dog鸭肉 Duck白肉则是一些口味稍微清淡的肉类和白肉则是一些口味稍微清淡的肉类和其他的一些菜肴：其他的一些菜肴：White meat means those plain meat and other kinds of food海鲜 Seafood鸡肉 Chicken水果 Fruit 蔬菜 Vegetable色拉 Salad 奶酪 Cheese 面食 Pasta/Noodles6.葡萄酒与美食Wine&Foodv葡萄酒有很多的种类，侍酒温度的选择对于品尝葡萄酒是至关重要的。一般来说，红葡萄酒可直接在室温下饮用，而白葡萄酒冰镇一下口味更佳。以下是一些葡萄酒的参考饮用温度：vThe appropriate serving temperature is of great importance to wine tasting.The serving temperatures of wine are as follows：葡萄汽酒葡萄汽酒 Sparkling WineSparkling Wine 4646香槟酒香槟酒 ChampagneChampagne 69 69 酒体清淡的白葡萄酒酒体清淡的白葡萄酒 Light Bodied White WineLight Bodied White Wine69 69 酒体适中的白葡萄酒酒体适中的白葡萄酒 Medium Bodied White WineMedium Bodied White Wine810 810 酒体丰厚的白葡萄酒酒体丰厚的白葡萄酒 Full Bodied White WineFull Bodied White Wine1416 1416 桃红酒桃红酒 Rose WineRose Wine 6 9 6 9 酒体清淡的红葡萄酒酒体清淡的红葡萄酒 Light Bodied Red WineLight Bodied Red Wine1214 1214 酒体适中的红葡萄酒酒体适中的红葡萄酒 Medium Bodied Red WineMedium Bodied Red Wine16 16 酒体浑厚的红葡萄酒酒体浑厚的红葡萄酒 Full Bodied Red WineFull Bodied Red Wine18 18 6.葡萄酒与美食Wine&Food李子味李子味 Plum薄荷味薄荷味 Mint烟草和香料味烟草和香料味 Tobacco and Spicy口感顺滑口感顺滑 Velvety草莓味草莓味 Strawberry黑梅味黑梅味Blackberry胡椒味胡椒味Pepper黑胡椒味黑胡椒味 Black PepperSome White Wine Descriptors青苹果味青苹果味 Green Apple甜瓜味甜瓜味 Melon无花果味无花果味 Fig桃子味桃子味 peach菠萝味菠萝味 Pine apple柠檬味柠檬味Lemon热带水果味热带水果味Tropical Fruit爽脆感爽脆感 Crisp9、春去春又回，新桃换旧符。在那桃花盛开的地方，在这醉人芬芳的季节，愿你生活像春天一样阳光，心情像桃花一样美丽，日子像桃子一样甜蜜。5月-245月-24Thursday,May16,202410、人的志向通常和他们的能力成正比例。17:26:3217:26:3217:265/16/20245:26:32PM11、夫学须志也，才须学也，非学无以广才，非志无以成学。5月-2417:26:3217:26May-2416-May-2412、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。17:26:3217:26:3217:26Thursday,May16,202413、志不立，天下无可成之事。5月-245月-2417:26:3217:26:32May16,202414、Thank you very much for taking me with you on that splendid outing to London.It was the first time that I had seen the Tower or any of the other famous sights.If Id gone alone,I couldnt have seen nearly as much,because I wouldnt have known my way about.。16五月20245:26:32下午17:26:325月-2415、会当凌绝顶，一览众山小。五月245:26下午5月-2417:26May16,202416、如果一个人不知道他要驶向哪头，那么任何风都不是顺风。2024/5/1617:26:3217:26:3216May202417、一个人如果不到最高峰，他就没有片刻的安宁，他也就不会感到生命的恬静和光荣。5:26:32下午5:26下午17:26:325月-24谢谢观看THE END