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采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物四级考试概况四级考试概况四四级阅读考试题型介绍级阅读考试题型介绍级阅读考试题型介绍级阅读考试题型介绍 考试时间考试时间 试卷构成试卷构成 四级考试概况四级阅读考试题型介绍 考试时间 试卷构成 1采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物 2017.12.16上午上午9：00-11：20考试时间考试时间 2017.12.16上午9：00-11：20考试时间2采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物 试卷构成（共试卷构成（共710710分）分）写作写作15%听力理解听力理解35%35%阅读理解阅读理解35%35%翻翻译译15%15%试卷构成（共710分）写作听力理解阅读理解 3采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物所占分值比例为所占分值比例为15%15%考试时间考试时间3030分钟分钟提供的信息提供的信息提纲提纲、情景、图片或图表、情景、图片或图表、情景、图片或图表、情景、图片或图表120-180120-180字字写作写作所占分值比例为15%考试时间30分钟提供的信息提纲、情景、图4采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物 听力听力（30minutes30minutes）短篇短篇新新闻闻 3 3段段 长对话长对话 2 2篇篇 听力篇章听力篇章 3 3篇篇 听力（30minutes）短篇新闻 长对话 听力5采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物 阅读（阅读（4040分钟）分钟）5%5%10%10%20%20%选词填空选词填空 匹配题匹配题 选择题单选选择题单选 词汇理解词汇理解 长篇阅读长篇阅读 仔细阅读仔细阅读 阅读（40分钟）5%10%20%选词填空 匹配题6采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物 翻翻 译译 段落翻译段落翻译（汉译英）（汉译英）15%15%3030分钟分钟 翻 译 段落翻译（汉译英）15%30分钟7采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物选词填选词填选词填选词填空空空空 篇章长度为篇章长度为篇章长度为篇章长度为200-250200-250200-250200-250词。要求考生阅读一篇删去若词。要求考生阅读一篇删去若词。要求考生阅读一篇删去若词。要求考生阅读一篇删去若干词汇的短文，然后从所给的选项中选择正确的词干词汇的短文，然后从所给的选项中选择正确的词干词汇的短文，然后从所给的选项中选择正确的词干词汇的短文，然后从所给的选项中选择正确的词汇填空，使短文复原。汇填空，使短文复原。汇填空，使短文复原。汇填空，使短文复原。匹配题匹配题匹配题匹配题采用采用采用采用1 1 1 1篇较长篇幅的文章，总长度约篇较长篇幅的文章，总长度约篇较长篇幅的文章，总长度约篇较长篇幅的文章，总长度约1000100010001000词。阅读词。阅读词。阅读词。阅读速度约每分钟速度约每分钟速度约每分钟速度约每分钟100100100100词。篇章后附有词。篇章后附有词。篇章后附有词。篇章后附有10101010个句子，每句个句子，每句个句子，每句个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。选择题选择题选择题选择题2 2 2 2篇为多项选择题型的短文理解测试，每篇长度为篇为多项选择题型的短文理解测试，每篇长度为篇为多项选择题型的短文理解测试，每篇长度为篇为多项选择题型的短文理解测试，每篇长度为300-350300-350300-350300-350词。词。词。词。阅读阅读选词填空 篇章长度为200-250词。要求考生阅读一篇删去8采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物01选词填空题型简介选词填空题型简介02选词填空解题步骤和技巧选词填空解题步骤和技巧03真题分析真题分析04平时如何提高选词填空技能平时如何提高选词填空技能选词填空选词填空01选词填空题型简介02选词填空解题步骤和技巧03真题分析09采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物01近义词辨析不多近义词辨析不多02固定搭配不多固定搭配不多03词性辨析比较容易词性辨析比较容易04首句不设空；一句不设两空首句不设空；一句不设两空选词填空选词填空特点特点01近义词辨析不多02固定搭配不多03词性辨析比较容易04首10采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物01第一句话完整，常为句子大意第一句话完整，常为句子大意021515选选1010，常考名词，动词，副词，形，常考名词，动词，副词，形容词容词03关键是从语法角度确定选词处的词性，关键是从语法角度确定选词处的词性，然后进行辨别然后进行辨别04篇章选词篇章选词=语法语法+词性词性选词填空选词填空考点考点01第一句话完整，常为句子大意0215选10，常考名词，动词11采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物01通读全文02整理选项03选词填空04复读全文，谨慎调整选词填空的解题步骤01通读全文02整理选项 03选词填空04复读全文，谨慎调整12采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物第一步：通读全文第一步：通读全文(1分钟分钟)通读全文是用较快速度，一行一行地读，目的是把握至少90%的文章内容。要先了解文章大意，带着文章脉络去找选项。所以，务必先沉着地把文章读一遍，尤其注意空格前后的位置，为寻找正确选项打下铺垫。第一步：通读全文(1分钟)13采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物第二步：整理选项第二步：整理选项标出15 个选项的词性，名词前写n,动词前写 v 等等。目前四级考试只考实词中的四种：名词,动词，形容词，副词。不考代词和数词；也不考虚词（冠词,介词,连词,感叹词）第二步：整理选项14采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物标注词性时注意的问题标注词性时注意的问题1.不认识的单词看词缀2.认识的单词要注意词性的单一性和多样性（比如challenge,change,display作名词和动词都很常见，都要标出来）3.动词归类要分为V.V-ed.V-ing。根据语法判断具体的形式。4.选项中出现一组近义词或者反义词时，往往有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解。标注词性时注意的问题1.不认识的单词看词缀15采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物标词性时的切入点是后缀，也就是词尾。以-ion,-age,-ness,-ship,-ance,-ence,-ency,-dom结尾的大都是名词；以-ize,-ise,-fy结尾的大都是动词；以-ive,-ent,-ful,-ous,-ble,-cal,-less 结尾的是大都是形容词；以-ly结尾的大都是副词。eg:exclusively 唯一地；专有地 relatively 相当地；相对地 (2017.06)abnormal反常的，不规则的 briefly slightly traditional (2016)标词性时的切入点是后缀，也就是词尾。16采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物第三步：选词填空第三步：选词填空1.判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性，缩小正确选项的范围（1）动词的确定In particular,when older patients _(complain)of pain,they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.Thats why a growing number of hospitals now depend on physicians who _(specialize)in pain medicine.第三步：选词填空17采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物(2)名词的确定名词主要做主语/宾语形容词或名词都可以修饰名词限定词（the,this,that,a,my之类）后必有名词介词后面必有名词或相当于名词的词定语从句前面是名词Education soon became a _.(nightmare)As the trade lessen in_.(strength)(2)名词的确定18采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物（3）形容词的确定名词的前面.women are _ customers.副词的后面EI Nino brought the most _ weather in modern history.（3）形容词的确定19采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物(4)副词的确定1.动词的附近（前面或后面）.students_outperform their peers.jobs that used to be done _ by women.2.形容词的前面.but they are still not _ sure what leads to it.3.句子的前面Not _,the jury found them both guilty.(4)副词的确定20采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物第四步：复读全文，谨慎调整第四步：复读全文，谨慎调整填空完成后，再次复读全文，自我感觉上下文是否通顺，内在逻辑关系是否连贯。如有问题，需要谨慎的微作调整。第四步：复读全文，谨慎调整21采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物真题分析真题分析The method for making beer has changed over time.Hops(啤酒花)，for example,which give many a modern beer its bitter flavor,are a(26)_recent addition to the beverage.This was first mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century.Now,researchers have found a(27)_ingredient in residue(残留物）from 5,000-year-old beer brewing equipment.While digging two pits at a site in the central plains of China,scientists discovered fragments from pots and vessels.The different shapes of the containers(28)_ they were used to brew,filter,and store beer.They may be ancient“beer-making tools,”and the earliest(29_ evidence of beer brewing in China,the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.To(30)_ that theory,the team examined the yellowish,dried(31)_ inside the vessels.The majority of the grains,about 80%,were from cereal crops like barley(大 麦),and about 10%were bits of roots,(32)_lily,which would have made the beer sweeter,the scientists say.Barley was an unexpected find:the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didnt become a(33)_food in central China until about 2,000 years ago,according to the researchers.Based on that timing,they indicate barley may have(34)_in the region not as food,but as(35)_material for beer brewing.(2017)A)Arrived B)consuming C)direct D)exclusively E)including F)inform G)raw H)reached I)relatively J)remains K)resources L)staple M)suggest N)surprising O)test 真题分析The method for making beer22采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物As if you needed another reason to hate the gym,it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles,but also your eyes.Fear not,however,for coffee can perk them right up again.During 1vigorous exercise,our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products.Muscle performance can also be affected by a 2phenomenon called central fatigue,in which an imbalance in the bodys chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements 3effectively.It was not known,however,whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly 4involved in the exercise itselfsuch as those that move the eyes.To find out,researchers gave 11 volunteers a carbohydrate 5solution either with a moderate dose of caffeinewhich is known to stimulate the central nervous systemor as a placebo without,during 3 hours of 6cycling.After exercising,the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still 7control their visual system.The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%,8preventing their ability to capture new visual information.The caffeinethe equivalent of two strong cups of coffeewas 9sufficient to counteract this effect,with some cyclists even displaying 10increased eye movement speeds,the team reports today in Scientific Reports.So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.As if you needed another reaso23采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物平时如何提高选词填空技能平时如何提高选词填空技能1.掌握词汇的多样性特征2.了解词缀知识，扩充词汇量3.关注词汇之间的常用搭配4.分析语篇内的逻辑关系5.提高自己分析复合句的语法技能平时如何提高选词填空技能1.掌握词汇的多样性特征24采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物Americas Internet is faster than ever before,but people still complain about their Internet being too slow.New Yorks Attorney Generals office _26_ an investigation in the fall into whether or not Verizon,Cablevision and Time Warner are delivering broadband thats as fast as the providers _27_ it is.Earlier this month,the office asked for the publics help to measure their speed results,saying consumers _28_ to get the speeds they were promised.Too many of us may be paying for one thing,and getting another,the Attorney General said.If the investigation uncovers anything,it wouldnt be the first time a telecom provider got into _29_ over the broadband speeds it promised and delivered customers.Back in June,the Federal Communications Commission fined AT&T$100 million over _30_ that the carrier secretly reduced wireless speeds after customers consumed a certain amount of _31_.Even when they stay on the right side of the law,Internet providers arouse customers anger over bandwidth speed and cost.Just this week,an investigation found that media and telecom giant Comcast is the most _32_ provider.Over 10 months,Comcast received nearly 12,000 customer complaints,many _33_ to its monthly data cap and overage（超过额度的）charges.Some Americans are getting so _34_ with Internet providers theyre just giving up.A recent study found that the number of Americans with high-speed Internet at home today _35_ fell during the last two years,and 15%of people now consider themselves to be cord-cutters.Americas Internet is faster t25采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物A.accusations B.actuallyC.claim D.communicatingE.complain F.dataG.deserved H.frustratedI.hated J.launchedK.relating L.timesM.trouble N.usuallyO.worriedA.accusations B.actually26采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物非谓语非谓语一、过去分词1.作定语 动词的过去分词作定语时,相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示动作的被动和完成，不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。a.单独及物动词的过去分词一般置于被修饰名词前，做前置定语a recorded talk spoken language developed country fallen leavesWe must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.b.过去分词短语则要位于名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句The gases sent into the air by the chemical works are poison.The concert given by their friends was a success.非谓语一、过去分词27采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物2.作表语动词的过去分词作表语，其实可以看作是过去分词的形容词化，说明的是主语所处的状态。She looked disappointed.The library is now closed.Dont get excited.2.作表语28采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物3.作状语动词的过去分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状况等意义，这种动词的过去分词结构通常相当于一个状语从句.动词的过去分词作状语表示被动和动作的完成Written in a hurry,this article was not so good.Lost in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.Seen from the hill,the town looks magnificent.Completed,the canal will connect the river with the lake.Given more time,I would have done much better.Even if invited,I wouldnt go.Though defeated again and again,they went on fighting.3.作状语29采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物4.作宾语补足语要求用动词过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有三类：a.感官动词see hear watch notice observe find feel When he arrived home,Tom found his dog killed.I heard the song sung in English.b.使役动词have get let keep leave makeYour car works much better now.Have you got/had it repaired?Dont leave those things undone.4.作宾语补足语30采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物c.表示“认为”“想要”“宣布”“命令”等think/consider want like wish declare orderI consider the matter settled.I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain.I wanted two tickets reserved.c.表示“认为”“想要”“宣布”“命令”等31采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物三、现在分词1.现在分词的用法a.作表语The news is surprising.That book was rather boring.很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:exciting,interesting,encouraging,disappointing,confusing,touching,puzzling.三、现在分词32采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物b.作定语下面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语,修饰一个名词That must have been a terrifying experience.I found him a charming person.现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词,相当于一个定语从句There are a few boys swimming in the river.There is a car waiting outside.b.作定语33采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物c.作状语现在分词短语可以表示伴随的动作Opening the drawer,he took out a box.Taking a key out of his pocket,he opened the door.现在分词短语还可以表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句Not knowing her address,we couldnt get in touch with her.现在分词短语还可以表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.Returning home,he began to do his homework.Having found a hotel,we looked for somewhere to have dinner.c.作状语34采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物d.作宾补现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：例如,see,hear,catch,find,keep,have 等.I see him passing my house every day.I caught him stealing things in that shop.I smelt something burning.She kept him working all day.d.作宾补35采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物现在分词和过去分词的区别(1)从语态上来区别1在语态上现在分词无论是及物动词或不及物动词，一般都表示主动的意思。Do you know the woman talking to Tom?=Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom?Entering the city,they saw a lot of soldiers marching.=When they entered the city,they saw a lot of soldiers marching.现在分词和过去分词的区别36采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物2及物动词的过去分词一般表示被动。The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.=The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.Seen from the top of the hill,the city is more beautiful.=If it is seen from the top of the hill,the city is more beautiful.2及物动词的过去分词一般表示被动。37采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物(2)从时态上来区别及物动词：现在分词：表正在进行的动作。过去分词：表示已经完成的动作。不及物动词：现在分词：表进行的意思。过去分词：表示完成的意思，而非表被动China is a developing country and America is a developed country.=China is a country that is developing and America is a country that has developed.(developed countries发达国家 Underdeveloped countries 不发达国家 developing countries发展中国家)(2)从时态上来区别38采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物1.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited2.As soon as she entered the room,the girl caught sight of the flowers _ by her mother.A.buying B.being bought C.were bought D.bought3.The computer center,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened4._ alone in the dark room,the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A.Leaving B.Left C.To be left D.Having left5._ in a recent science competition,the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars.A.To be judged the best B.Judged the best C.Having judged the best D.Judging the best1.Most of the artists _ t39采用PP管及配件：根据给水设计图配置好PP管及配件，用管件在管材垂直角切断管材，边剪边旋转，以保证切口面的圆度，保持熔接部位干净无污物把下列从句变为简单句（带分词）1When I entered the room,I saw a strange sight.2As I did not know her address,I could not write to her.3Though I admit what you say,I still think you should meet him.4When he was left alone,the boy began to cry.5After he has locked the door,he goes out for a walk.Entering the room,I saw a strange sight.Not knowing her adress,I could not write to her.Admiting what you say,I still think you should meet him.Left alone,the boy began to cry.After having locked the door,he goes out for a walk.把下列从句变为简单句（带分词）Entering the ro40
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