（通用版）高三英语一轮复习 第1部分 基础知识解读 Unit 4 Helping people around the world用书 牛津译林版选修6-牛津版高三选修6英语试题

Unit 4Helping people around the world.写作单词会拼写1lack n& vt.缺乏2acquire vt.购得；获得，得到3alternative adj.可供替代的 n.可供选择的事物4means n.手段，方法5obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得6shelter n.住所；藏身之处7describe vt.描写，形容，说明 description n.描写(文字)，形容，说明8add vt.增加；添加 addition n.添加；相加，此外 additional adj.附加的；另外的9worthy adj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的 worth n.价值；财产adj.值的 worthwhile adj.重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)10equal adj.平等的；同等的n.同等的人；相等物vt.与相同或相等 equality n.平等；同等 equally adv.相等地11volunteer n.志愿者v.自愿做，无偿做 voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的，主动的12contribute vt. & vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致 contribution n.贡献；捐献；投稿 contributor n.贡献者；捐献者；投稿人13export n.出口产品，输出品；出口vi. & vt.出口，输出 import n.进口产品，进口vi. & vt.进口，输入14urge vt.催促，力劝n.强烈欲望 urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的 urgency n.紧迫，迫切15starve vt.& vi.(使)饿死，(使)挨饿 starvation n.饥饿；挨饿；饿死16possess vt.拥有，具有 possession n.个人财产；拥有，具有17commit v.犯罪，做错事；把托付给；使承担义务 commitment n.承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事18trouble n.麻烦，烦恼v.(使)烦恼，(使)麻烦 troublesome adj.麻烦的，讨厌的，棘手的19remind vt.提醒，使想起 reminder n.暗示；提醒人的事物.阅读单词要识记20victim n受害者 21remote adj.偏远的，偏僻的 22charity n.慈善，慈善机构，赈济23primitiveadj.原始的 24bacteria n.细菌 25barrier n.障碍，隔阂；屏障 高频短语会默写1refer to 谈及，提到；查阅2in addition 除以外(还)3get hold of 得到；抓住4under the umbrella of 在的保护下5break down 出故障；抛锚6in chaos 处于混乱状态7draw someones attention to 使某人察觉到8think back to 回想9make a difference 有作用(关系、影响)10remind somebody of 让某人想起教材原句会背诵句式仿写能应用1.This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.(this land was difficult to farm是“sth.beadj.to do”句式，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义) 1.我发现这个报告很难懂。I find the lecture is difficult .2.I would rather you hadnt told me about it.(would rather“宁愿，更喜欢”，后接从句时，从句用虚拟语气) 2.我宁愿没去看那部电影。I would rather that I .3.If only there were more people donating money to charities! (if only“但愿，要是就好了”，常引导虚拟语气条件句或感叹句)3.要是我在上周举行的英语演讲比赛中更加自信就好了！ more confidence in the English speech contest held last week！【答案】1.to understand2.hadnt seen the film3.If only I had had精讲6个考纲单词 lack n& vt.缺乏 教材原句 When there is a lack of food，there is hunger.当食物匮乏时，就会有饥饿。(1)lacking adj.短缺的；缺乏的Be lacking in缺乏(在抽象事物方面)(2)lackn.缺乏lack for需求；需要(多用于否定句)(3)for/through lack ofn.因缺乏a lack ofn.缺乏(no)lack of. (不)缺乏More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.因缺乏空间大城市里已经建起了越来越多的高楼大厦。She felt nervous，increasingly lacking (lack) in confidence about herself.她感到紧张，对自己越来越没有信心。Despite his lack of experience，he got the job.他虽然经验不足，但还是获得了这份工作。名师点津lack是表示状态的及物动词，不用于被动结构，也不用于进行时的句子中。当lack用作名词时，为不可数，但其可以表达某种具体化的缺少，故有a lack of的用法。 equal adj. 平等的；同等的，相同的；胜任的n.同等的人；相等物vt.与相同或相等一词多义写出下列句子中equal的词性及含义The Tiangong looks like a cigar standing 10.4meter tall，a height equal to that of a threestory building.adj.相等的 【导学号：92872112】Xiao Shenyang doesnt equal Zhao Benshan in talents.vt.与相等 No one could be his equal at telling a story.n.同等的人 After a months training，he became equal to work as a car driver.adj.胜任的 (1)equally adv.相等地，相同地equality n.平等，同等；均等(2)be equal to (doing) sth.(in.)(在方面)与相等；能胜任equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth.在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物without equal无与伦比 None of us can equal her，either in beauty or as a dancer.不管是容貌还是在舞艺上我们都比不上她。Any man will be equal to the task，so long as he is careful.You should give it a try.只要细心，任何一个人都能胜任这份工作。你应该尝试一下。Learning to deal with the social world is equally (equal) important.(2016年北京高考) 学习应对社会也是同等重要的。 contribute vt. & vi. 捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致；投稿教材原句They collect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed by the government.他们每天从每个成员那里筹集到大约1.35元，然后汇集到政府所捐赠的款子上。(1) contributor n贡献者contribution n.捐献；贡献；投稿make a contribution/contributions to对做出贡献 (2) contribute sth. to.把捐献给；给投稿contribute to为做出贡献；有助于；导致A large population and too many private cars contribute to heavy traffic jam in the city.大量的人口和过多的私家车导致城市严重的交通阻塞。It is our duty to make contributions (contribute) to our motherland.为祖国做出贡献是我们的责任。链接写作例句的其他表达方式A large population and too many private cars bring about heavy traffic jam in the city.A large population and too many private cars lead to heavy traffic jam in the city.A large population and too many private cars result in heavy traffic jam in the city. worthy adj. 令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的教材原句With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations，the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters.在这些军队和其他一些可敬的组织的协助下，联合国为战争及灾难的受害者提供援助。(1)be worthy(2) be worth(3)值得做某事Since you are interested in traditional Chinese cultures，I think this festival is worth experiencing.Since you are interested in traditional Chinese cultures，I think this festival is worthy to be experienced/of being experienced.既然你对传统的中国文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日值得你体验。It is worthwhile to examine/examing(examine)how we will make greater progress in our studies.探讨一下我们如何在学习上取得更大的进步是值得的。 【导学号：92872113】链接写作句型转换 His suggestion is worth considering.His suggestion is worthy His suggestion is worthy His suggestion is worthy of 【答案】of considerationto be consideredbeing considered means n. 手段，方法教材原句Health care is limited as there are no doctors or nurses in the villagesno one has the means to pay them.村庄里的医疗卫生条件是有限的，因为那里没有医生也没有护士没有人有办法支付他们的工资。(1)a means of.的方法means of production/transport/communication生产工具/运输工具/通信手段(2)by means of用，依靠；通过by all means无论如何；当然可以(口语)by no means绝对不；无论如何都不(用于句首，句子要倒装)Cars have become a popular means of transport，bringing great convenience to our life.小汽车已经成为一种流行的运输工具，给我们的生活带来很多方便。She could not speak，but made her wishes known by means of signs.她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。Every possible means has been tried (try)，but none worked.All possible means have been tried (try)，but none worked.所有可能的办法都已经尝试过了，但没有一种奏效。名师点津means是一个单复数同形的名词，常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查。means前有every，each，one等修饰语作主语时，谓语用单数；前有several，some，many，few，all等修饰语时，谓语用复数。 remind vt. 提醒，使想起教材原句It reminded me of my time in Sudan，where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to get the food.这使我想起了在苏丹的那段时间，当时人们哄抢食物，有好几名无国界医生组织的工作人员受到了攻击。remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事remind sb.that/whclause使某人想起；提醒某人Only when you reminded me of it did I know that I should have done it.只有当你提醒我时，我才知道我本应该做那事的。Please remind me to write (write) an email to my mother tomorrow，for its her birthday.请提醒我明天给我母亲写一封电子邮件，因为明天是她的生日。诠释3个核心短语 refer to谈及，提到；与相关，涉及；查阅，参考；把称作一词多义写出句中refer to的含义When I am faced with difficulty，I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages.查阅，参考 Jam insisted that the book Mr.Black referred to was worth reading.提到 The new law does not refer to land used for farming.涉及 What does the underlined word “it”in the last paragraph refer to? (2016年四川高考阅读理解) 指的是 (1)reference n谈到，提及；参考，查阅in/with reference to关于make (a) reference to谈到(2)refer to.as.把称作refer.to.把提交给Our economy is referred to as a free market.我们的经济被称作自由市场经济。The result of the research is for reference(refer) only.这个研究结果仅供参考。 【导学号：92872114】 break down 出故障，抛锚；(身体、精神)垮掉，崩溃；(谈判，计划等)失败，破裂；(化学)分解一词多义写出句中break down的含义The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached. (谈判) 失败 Your health will break down if you always stay up late.垮掉The elevators in this building are always breaking down.出故障 He passed through a difficult period shortly after his marriage broke down.破裂 Carbon dioxide forms as a waste product when food is broken down.分解 break away (from.)逃脱，脱离break in打断，插嘴；强行闯入break into强行进入；突然开始(笑、欢呼等)break off使折断；突然终止；中断(谈话等)break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发break up打碎；(关系)破裂；(会议等)结束The manager broke off speaking to answer the cell phone.经理中断讲话去接电话。The police came and broke up the crowds.警察来了并且把人群驱散了。 make a difference有作用(关系、影响)教材原句I know I cant change the whole world，but Im proud that I can help here and there，and make a difference to peoples lives. 我知道我无法改变整个世界，但我很自豪，因为我能处处给人们提供帮助，改变他们的生活。make no/little/much/some difference (to sb./sth.) (对)没有/几乎没有/有很大/有些影响make all the difference (to sb./sth.) (对)关系重大，大不相同tell the difference区分；分辨It makes no difference whether I go to the meeting with them or not.我是否与他们一起去开会没有关系。The twins look so similar that you will be hard pressed to tell the difference (differ) between them.这对双胞胎看起来太像了，你简直无法把他们区分开来。突破2个高考句型 (教材P49)This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.这块地过去难以耕种，但现在水已经被抽进了地里。this land was difficult to farm是“sth.beadj.to do”句式。“sth.beadj.to do”结构用法如下：(1)主语是不定式的逻辑宾语，该不定式用主动形式表被动意义。(2)在该句式中动词应该是及物动词，如果是不及物动词，应在动词后加上适当的介词。(3)常用于本句型的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，interesting，comfortable，safe，dangerous等。I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good to breathe (breath)在夏季我喜欢早点起床。早上的新鲜空气呼吸起来真好。He is easygoing，so he is not difficult to get along with他很随和，因此和他相处不困难。 (教材P57)If only there were more people donating money to charities!如果有更多的人给慈善机构捐款就好了！本句中if only.引导的是一种虚拟语气的感叹句，意为“但愿/如果就好了”，它还可用来引导虚拟语气的条件句。(1)if only从句中虚拟语气的使用：表示与现在事实相反的愿望时用if only sb.did/were.表示与过去事实相反的愿望时用if only sb.had done.表示与将来事实相反的愿望用if only sb.would/could/might do.(2)only if引导的条件状语从句，表示“只有(才)；只有在的时候，唯一的条件是”的意思；与if引导的一般条件句相比，它有一种增强主句语势的作用。Only if you work hard can you go to your dream university.只有努力学习，你才能进入梦想的大学。If only I knew(know) her name.我要是知道她的名字就好了。 【导学号：92872115】Look at the trouble I am in！If only I had followed(follow) your advice.看看我现在的麻烦。要是我听了你的建议就好了。多角快练练单词 练短语 练句型基础考点全面练.单句语法填空1The scenery was so beautiful that it was almost beyond (describe). 2Because of the drought，thousands of people died of (starve) each year in the past.3Knowledge or techniques have been (acquire) through exploration.4The policeman got hold the thief and took him to the police station.5If he takes on this work，he will have no alternative but (meet) an even greater challenge. 【导学号：92872116】6 (lack) of sleep could put the birds health at risk.【答案】1.description2.starvation3.acquired4.of5.to meet6.Lack.单句改错1The armchair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable to sit. 2It is worthy to spend money in educating the children. 3.Job is not only a mean of living，but it is also a way of experiencing life. 4.The fact is that the big house is in possession of my uncle. 5.The house isnt big enough for us，and in addition，its too far to the town. 6.If the car should break out on the way，you would have to walk back. 【答案】1.sit后加in2.worthyworthwhile3.meanmeans4.in后加the5.去掉and6.out改为down重难考点多维练1equal点点练(1)单句语法填空He is equal Tom ability.The two countries had a conversation equal terms.An (equal) important quality is tolerance.They live and work together in complete (equal) and brotherhood.(2)完成句子作为冬天度假的目的地，海南岛无疑是最佳选择。As a holiday destination in winter，the Hainan Island 【答案】to；inonequallyequalityhas no equal2contribute面面观(1)单句改错Their inventions have contributed to develop electrical engineering. Getting up early contribute to your health. (2) 完成句子他为这家杂志社写稿已经有好几年了。He the magazine for several years. 【导学号：92872117】你的建议大大地促进了我们工作的完成。Your suggestion has greatly the accomplishment of our work.你所做的一切将为家乡的发展做出巨大贡献。What you did will the development of your hometown.【答案】developdevelopingcontributecontributeshas contributed tocontributed tomake a great contribution to.课文语法填空根据P5051课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。I feel very happy to have been chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador of the UN.First，I should tell you that the UN 1. (set) up in October 1945.It has four main functions：to keep international peace；to develop 2. (friend) relationships among nations；to cooperate in solving international problems and in 3. (promote) respect for human rights；and to be a centre for organizing the actions or work of different nations.4. you know，the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.With the help of the borrowed armies and other worthy 5. (organize)，the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters.6. addition，the UN helps protect human rights and works 7. (improve) international laws.Second，I want to tell you I mainly visit countries where the UN has programmes to help people.The television and press will follow and record my visits，8. will increase peoples knowledge of the work of the UN.Apart from the urgent problems 9. (cause) by wars and conflicts，the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack 10. education，starvation，disasters，AIDS and other diseases.So with the work of the UN the world has been brought closer together.【答案】1.was set2.friendly3.promoting4As5.organizations6.In7.to improve8which9.caused10.of.课文短文改错根据P6263课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。I arrived here to find everything in chaos.The situation is different here，which are the problems.Mud and water everywhere made it difficulty to travel from place to place.Yesterday，my colleagues and me found a vacant health centre.We were going to set up a temporary clinic there.Medical supplies and foods are now on their way from abroad.We want to do all we can help people in need.When I think back to all the experiences that I have had，I feel lucky to be able to help the others and do something worthwhile.Now I must think about tomorrow.We hope the clinic will be opened so then I wont have any time to write my diary.I know I cant change the whole world，but Im proud that I can help here and there，and make a difference for peoples lives.【答案】第二句：which改为as第三句：difficulty改为difficult第四句：me改为I第五句：were改为are第六句：foods改为food第七句：help前加to第八句：去掉others前的the第十句：opened改为open；so改为and第十一句：for改为to.高考话题微写作根据提示，运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文并背诵成文。1全世界有13多亿人生活在难以描述的贫困之中。 (beyond description) 2他们食品不足，教育匮乏，很多人处于饥饿的状态。(lack)3另外，他们得不到足够的资金来创办自己的企业。(in addition)4幸好许多慈善组织和个人注意到了这一情况，他们向那些需要帮助的人捐献了不少钱。(draw the attention of，contribute) 5一些志愿者也为他们做了一些志愿工作。(voluntary) 【参考范文】More than 1.3 billion people around the world live in poverty beyond description.They are lacking in food and education and many people are in a state of starvation.In addition，they cant get enough funds to start their own businesses.Luckily，this situation draws the attention of many charities and individuals and they have contributed a lot of money to those in need of help.Some volunteers also have done some voluntary work for them.