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2021届新高三上学期热身模拟训练卷（通用版）02第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AChina Train GuideQuick Guide on China Train TravelIf youre looking for an affordable and comfortable way to get around China, train travel is the way to go. Getting train information and cheap train tickets has never been easier. Online train ticket booking makes it easy for travelers to look through Chinas train timetable, compare train fares, and look for ticket availability. Once youve found a suitable train, you can book online and pick your tickets up at the train station or get them delivered to your home or hotel. Train tickets can be booked online a minimum of 35 minutes and a maximum of 60 days before departure.How to choose train typesWhen youre buying China train tickets online, youll notice that the journey duration differs depending on which type of train you choose. China train types can be recognized by their letter codes G, D and C trains are high-speed trains, while Z, T and K are slower or overnight trains. Chinas high-speed trains run between Chinese provincial capitals and first-tier Chinese cities. G trains (high-speed trains, standing for goti) are Chinas bullet trainsthe fastest trains with a maximum speed of 400 kmh. Tickets for these trains are the most expensive.How to buy train ticketsUnless you can read Chinese, there are only two ways to make train reservations in China:Online train ticket booking with a travel agency (up to 60 days before departure).At the train stationlocal ticket agency with your passport (up to 58 days before departure).How to read train ticketsWhen reading your train ticket, please take note of the Chinese characters and Pinyin printed next to your departure / arrival city. Directions (North, South, East, and West) appear in Pinyin (Bei, Nan, Dong, and Xi), not English. Please make sure you are going to the correct train station.21. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Its difficult to get train information in China.B. You can get on the train without tickets after booking online.C. Travelling by train in China is not very expensive.D. Train tickets online are available at any time within 60 days before you leave.22. If Mr. Smith needs to travel from Jinan to Beijing for something urgent, hed better take _.A. G trains B. Z trains C. D trains D. Overnight trains23. Who are the intended readers of the passage?A. Native tourists. B. Travel agencies. C. Foreign travelers. D. Businessmen.【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C【解析】本文为广告类文章。本文是给外国游客的中国的火车指南。主要介绍了在中国如何看火车指南，如何选择列车类型，如何购买火车票以及如何看火车票。21.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If youre looking for an affordable and comfortable way to get around China, train travel is the way to go.”可知，火车旅行是一能负担的起的旅行方式。“能负担的起”即“不贵”故C是正确的， 根据Getting train information and cheap train tickets has never been easier. 可知，获取火车信息和买便宜的火车票从来都不容易，而不是“很难得到火车信息”，故A是错误的。根据Online train ticket booking makes it easy for travelers to look through Chinas train timetable, you can book online and pick your tickets up at the train station or get them delivered to your home or hotel.可知在网上订票后还要取票上车的，故B是错误的。根据Train tickets can be booked online a minimum of 35 minutes and a maximum of 60 days before departure可知，你可以最多提前60天买票，但不是任何时候都能买到，故D是错误的。综合可知B正确。22.推理判断题。根据第二个小标题How to choose train types中的倒数第二句G trains (high-speed trains, standing for goti) are Chinas bullet trainsthe fastest trains with a maximum speed of 400 kmh.可知“G列车（高速列车，代表goti）是中国的子弹头列车最高时速400公里，速度最快的列车。” 所以如果史密斯先生需要从济南到北京去办急事，他最好乘G trains 。分析选项可知A正确。23.推理判断题。根据最后的小标题How to read train tickets中的最后一段When reading your train ticktrainset, please take note of the Chinese characters and Pinyin printed next to your departure / arrival city. Directions (North, South, East, and West) appear in Pinyin (Bei, Nan, Dong, and Xi), not English. Please make sure you are going to the correct train station. “当你看火车票时，请注意在你出发或到达城市旁边的汉字和拼音。方向是用拼音标记的 ，而不是英语。请确定你要去正确的火车站”。由此可知，本段提醒乘客说要注意火车票上的到达的城市的方向旁边的是汉字和拼音，而不是英语，可知本文是给外国的游客的。故选C项。B By now its almost common knowledge that spending time in nature is good for you. Areas with more trees tend to be less polluted, so spending time there allows you to breathe easier. Spending time outdoors has been linked with reduced blood pressure and stress and seems to motivate people to exercise more.“So itll come as surprise that theres research showing that spending time in nature is good. There are dozens of papers showing that,” University of Exeter Medical School researcher Mathew P.White said.“We get this idea-patients are coning to us and they are asking, Doctor, how long should I spend? And the doctor is saying,I dont really know.”So White and his team decided to find out by using data collected from nearly 20,000 people in England through the Monitor of Engagement with the Natural Environment Survey. And their answer? Two hours a week. People who spent at least that much time in nature either all at once or totaled over several shorter visits were more likely to report good heath and psychological well-being than those with no nature exposure.Remarkably, the two-hour standard applied to men and women, to older and younger folks, to people from different ethnic backgrounds, occupational groups, socioeconomic levels, and so on. Even people with long-term illnesses or disabilities benefited from time spent in nature- as long as it was at least 120 minutes per week.While the findings are based on a vast number of people, White cautions that its rally just a correlation. Nobody knows why of how nature has this benefit, or even if the findings will stand up to more strict investigation.“I want to be rally clear about this. This is in very early stages.Were not saying everybody has to do 120. This is really to start the conversation, saying, what would a threshold look like? What research do we need to take this to the next step before doctors can have the true confidence to work with their patients? But its certainly a starting point.”24.What does White want to figure out in the survey?A.The benefits of being outside.B.How long we should stay in nature.C.The significance of outdoor activities.D.Whether the British spend enough time in nature25.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?A.The two-hour standard applies to everyone.B.The reason why nature is beneficial is clear.C.Further study is needed to confirm Whites result.D.The findings of Whites survey have bee widely used.26.What does underlined word“threshold”in the last paragraph mean?A.Strict investigation.B.Following step.C.Healthy lifestyle.D.Staring point.27.What can be the best title for this text?A.Nature and HealthB.Two-hour Staying in NatureC.Tips to Improve HealthD.The Starting Point【答案】24.B 25.C 26.D 27.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一项研究表明每周接触大自然两小时有益身心健康。24.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Doctor, how long should I spend? And the doctor is saying,I dont really know. 医生，我应该待多久? 医生说，我真的不知道。和第三段第一句So White and his team decided to find out by using data collected from nearly 20,000 people in England through the Monitor of Engagement with the Natural Environment Survey. 因此怀特和他的团队决定通过监测自然环境调查，从英格兰近2万人中收集数据来找出答案可知，研究想要弄明白的问题是，我们应在大自然中呆多久。选项B符合题意。故选B项。25.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中心的内容可知，White认为这一研究虽然涉及很多人，但这一研究结果只表明了相关性，结果是否能够经得起验证还需要进一步的调查。结合最后一段I want to be rally clear about this. This is in very early stages. 我想把话说清楚，这还处于早期阶段。可知，White的研究结论需要进一步研究。选项C符合题意。故选C项。26.词义猜测题。根据画线部分前文可知，研究还处于早期阶段。从位置上判断,画线部分的代词this指代threshold, 根据the next step可知，this 是指研究的起始阶段，再结合最后一句中的its certainly a starting point可知，画线部分意思“起步阶段”。选项D符合题意。故选D项。27.主旨大意题。根据第三段Two hours a week. People who spent at least that much time in nature either all at once or totaled over several shorter visits were more likely to report good heath and psychological well-being than those with no nature exposure.可知，每周两个小时。与那些没有接触自然的人相比，在自然环境中至少待上两个小时的人无论是一次待够两个小时还是数次合计两个小时更有可能报告良好的身体和心理健康。所以文章主要讲述了一项研究表明每周接触大自然两小时有益身心健康，短文的最佳标题为“在大自然中待两个小时”。故选B项。C From the cold Arctic to the African plains, every society seems to have some form of music as part of their culture. Music is so common and widespread that most people dont even question it anymore. But until recently, there were researchers who doubted it: How could we know that music was really a part of all known societies?Now, Harvard researchers, Samuer Mehr and Manvir Singh, have found further evidence to support the argument. They gathered music from different countries, media and time periods, and collected descriptions of many different pieces of music. Rather than focusing on music first and then looking at where it could be found, they started by studying a record of detailed descriptions of more than three hundred known global societies, and found that all of them have music as part of their culture.To see if people could recognize the functions of songs from around the world, the researchers also created a listening experiment in which people tried to guess the behavioral context of a song. This went surprisingly well. Particularly music that was intended for dancing or to calm a baby were easy to recognize as either dance music or lullabies. Love songs were a bit more difficult to qualify, because they tend to be very diverse even within cultures.This systematic study of connections sounds like the way that researchers in other fields would study biological patterns. “Theres a field known as cultural phylogenetics,” says Singh. Whereas biological characteristics are only received from parent to child, cultural characteristics (like music) are also shared between people of the same generation. That makes it much more difficult to figure out where the characteristic has come from.“Finally,” Singh says, “We still dont know why music developed gradually. Our study shows that humans everywhere share cognitive mechanisms (认知机制) that make certain sounds seem appropriate in particular contexts.”28.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to?A.The fact that music is part of every culture.B.The question whether music is widely spread.C.The doubt whether further research has been done.D.The idea that Africa and the Arctic have cool music.29.What did Mehr and Singh do first?A.They found out further evidence.B.They studied various societies.C.They sought the origins of music.D.They focused mainly on music.30.Whats the purpose of the listening experiment?A.To comfort a baby.B.To pick out love songs.C.To create a context.D.To tell functions of songs.31.What is the main idea of the text?A.Music shapes societies in different cultures.B.Global music shares common characteristics.C.Musical systems display cultural differences.D.Multi-culture is based on biological patterns.【答案】28.A 29.B 30.D 31.B【解析】本文为议论文，介绍世界音乐的共同特征，研究人员通过研究发现在全球三百多个社会中都发现音乐作为了他们文化的一部分。从生物遗传特征来讲还是无法弄清楚对音乐认知的特征来自于哪里，但人类共有的认知机制能够在特定的环境（如人类社会各种活动）中赋予音乐生命力，所以，世界各地的音乐还是拥有共同的特点，同时成为各种文化不可或缺的组成部分。28.词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句“From the cold Arctic to the African plains, every society seems to have some form of music as part of their culture.”可知，每个社会群体似乎都把某种音乐形式当作自己文化的一个部分，由此推断代词it指代音乐是每种文化的一部分这一事实。故选A。39.细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Rather than focusing on music first and then looking at where it could be found, they started by studying a record of detailed descriptions of more than three hundred known global societies,”可知，Mehr和Singh首先做的事情是研究全球三百多个已知社会群体详细描述的记录。故选B。30.细节理解题。根据第三段首句“To see if people could recognize the functions of songs from around the world, the researchers also created a listening experiment in which”可知，听乐辨析实验的目的是看人们能否对世界各地的音乐功能加以辨别。故选D。31.主旨大意题。第一段，有研究者质疑音乐是所有已知社会的一部分。第二段，来自哈佛的研究者们通过实验证实了所有被调查的社会群体都把音乐当作自己文化的一部分。第三段，为了弄清人们是否能够辨别世界各地音乐的功能，研究者们实施了听乐辨析的实验，结果舞曲和摇篮曲容易辨认，爱情乐曲稍难辨认。第四段，生物特性只从父母传给孩子，而同一代人之间也有共同的文化特征（如音乐）。这就使得我们很难弄清楚这种文化特征来自何处。第五段，我们仍然不知道为什么音乐得以逐渐发展。但我们的研究表明，世界各地的人类都有共同的认知机制，这种认知机制使某些声音在特定的环境中显得很合适。综上内容和表述可知，实验中，虽然爱情乐曲稍难辨认，很难弄清楚同一代人之间共有的文化特征（如音乐）来自何处，也不知道为什么音乐得以逐渐发展，但人类共有的认知机制能够在特定的环境（如人类社会各种活动）中赋予音乐生命力，所以，世界各地的音乐自然拥有共同的特点，即能够长期依附于各种社会群体的各种活动、同时成为各种文化不可或缺的组成部分。答案B具有很好的概括性和针对性。故选B。D My whole career is about clothes but I have no interest in fashion. What I love doing with clothes is using them to tell a story. Thats what costume design is all about. I wasnt one of those little girls always dressing up dolls. My parents were musicians, so there was never any money, but our household was artistic.As a child in the 1950s there was no TV, so we drew, painted and made things out of cardboard boxes. My parents encouraged me and my younger sister to be creative making a mess was fine, and we were even allowed to draw on one of the walls at our home in Kensington, west London. After school I studied at Central Saint Martins School of Art, where I learned how to draw patterns and cut fabric. Back then it was set design, not costumes, that most interested me.Thanks to a childhood friend, Nick Young, I was offered some unpaid work on early Merchant Ivory film productions. For a 1978 movie called Hullabaloo Over Georgie And Bonnies Pictures, I was asked to put together clothes for its star, Dame Peggy Ashcroft, to wear in India. After a meeting with her, Peggy took me aside. My dear, were getting on quite well, she said. Theyve given me a first-class ticket to India, now if I change it for two economy flights, will you come with me? Of course I said yes! No question.It was before The Jewel In The Crown and A Passage To India, and Peggy had never been to India. At 70, she was a little nervous, but great fun. We shared a room and I looked after her in every possible way. At night we sat up in our little beds, having a brandy or whisky and discussing our day. After the shoot we went on holiday to Goa together. Peggy rode around on the back of my motorbike!I became part of the Merchant Ivory team and went on to work on many other period films, including 1996s Sense And Sensibility. Ive known Emma Thompson for 30 years and shes hilarious and wonderful.I had won an Oscar before, in 1987 for A Room With A View, and have been nominated a further eight times. I keep my Oscars on a desk that belonged to my mother in my study, so they are very much on display but off the beaten track. Not in the living room and certainly not in the downstairs loo!For a career I somehow fell into, its provided me with a wonderful life, really.32.Why did Peggy and the author make friends with each other?A.They were of the same age.B.They worked in the same theater.C.They were both good actors.D.They got along very well.33.Which of the following works location was not mentioned?A.The Jewel In The Crown.B.A Room With A View.C.Hullabaloo Over Georgie And Bonnies Pictures.D.A Passage To India.34.Why did the author mention her parents when she was a child?A.To show she was not talented in designing clothes.B.To amuse the readers with a funny story.C.To show her parents inspired her creativity.D.To share a precious memory in her childhood.35.Which of the following best describes the author as a designer?A.AmbitiousB.DedicatedC.CaringD.Demanding【答案】 32.D 33.B 34.C 35.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者为什么喜欢上作为设计师的这个岗位。除了自己喜欢，还有父母鼓励与好友帮助。最后也提到了作者在工作中取得的一些成就。32.细节理解题。根据文章第三段After a meeting with her, Peggy took me aside. My dear, were getting on quite well, she said（和她见面后，佩吉把我带到一边。“亲爱的，我们相处得很好，”她说）可知，我们成为朋友是因为我们之间相处融洽。故选D项。33.细节理解题。根据第四段中的The Jewel In The Crown and A Passage To India可知，A项和D项提及了，可以排除A和D。再根据第三段中的For a 1978 movie called Hullabaloo Over Georgie And Bonnies Pictures可知C项提及，可排除C。而B选项是作者获奖的电影名字。不符合题意。故选B项。34.推理判断题。根据文章第二段My parents encouraged me and my younger sister to be creative making a mess was fine, and we were even allowed to draw on one of the walls at our home in Kensington, west London（我父母鼓励我和我妹妹要有创造力把事情弄得一团糟很好，我们甚至被允许在伦敦西部肯辛顿的家里的一堵墙上画画）可知，父母鼓励我和妹妹要有创造力。他们鼓励我要有创作性。故选C项。35.推理判断题。分析文章，根据文章倒数第二段I had won an Oscar before, in 1987 for A Room With A View, and have been nominated a further eight times（1987年，我曾因A Room With A View获得奥斯卡奖，并获得过8次提名）可知，作者获得了很多的成就是因为作者对工作的专注。同时根据最后一段For a career I somehow fell into, its provided me with a wonderful life, really（对于我不知怎么进入的职业，它真的给我提供了美好的生活）可知，作者是真的喜欢这份职业。A. Ambitious有雄心的；B. Dedicated专注的; C. Caring 体贴的D. Demanding难以满足的。通过综合分析，故选B项。第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Hydration (水合作用) sometimes takes a backseat to other health goals or priorities (优先). Heres everything you need to know to stay hydrated.Know why water is good for youDoctors and dietitians always talk about the importance of hydration. The cells, tissues, and organs of your body need water to function. 36 , which include transporting nutrients and helping to remove waste. Water is so important that the average human body only lasts about three to four days without it. 37 There is no perfect calculation to determine how much water you should drink a day. There are too many contributing factors, such as altitude, climate, activity level, diet, and personal medical history. 38 , your body needs more fluid to process the food.So how much water should you drink a day? On average the daily recommended fluid intake for women is around 11 glasses of water and 13 glasses for men. Plain water is ideal for hydration, but all fluid helps.Know whether you need waterAn easy way to see if you are drinking enough water is to check your urine (尿液). If you are only producing small amounts of urine infrequently and its dark in color, you need to drink more water. Of course, if you have dry mouth or thirst, you should drink more water, too. 39 .Know how you can drink enough waterWorrying and wondering how much water you should drink a day wont happen if you break up your water intake. Drink 18 ounces of water at 7:00 a. m., 12:00 p. m., 3:00 p. m., and 7:00 p. m. 40 . By the time youre thirsty, youre likely already dehydrated. And thirst isnt always a reliable indicator of fluid needs, especially in children and the elderly.A. If you eat a high-fiber dietB. Water plays many vital rolesC. If you eat less food than usualD. Know how much water you needE. Know where you can get the waterF. Dont rely on your thirst to remember to drink waterG. How much water you should drink a day depends on situations答案与解析：【导读】水是生命之源。本文介绍的是饮水方面的一些知识。36.B 考查上下文语境。后文的which指代的就是水的作用,故选B项。37.D 考查上下文语境。本部分介绍的是饮水的量,因此D项能概括本部分的主旨。38.A 考查上下文语境。后面介绍了需要更多的水来处理食物,因此该空应该是吃的食物类别,故选A项。39.G 考查上下文语境。前面对不同情况需要饮水作了说明,此处总结前文,故选G项。40.F 考查上下文语境。后文By the time youre thirsty, youre likely already dehydrated.说明依靠饥渴感来决定饮水不可靠,故选F项。第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Even in tough times the things and people you love can help you escape.As I 41 here in my hot, uncomfortable hospital bed, all I can think about is how 42 I want to leave this place. It has been four days of 43 giving bad news. I have been able to 44 one meal a day due to the surgeries I was scheduled for later. I 45 my mom for my car keys and on my keychain there is a(n) 46 piece of leather made from my first baseball glove. She gave me a(n) 47 look, as if thinking I am going to drive home, and handed the keychain to me. In the fibers of the leather are so many 48 that have transformed me as a person.I 49 my keys and touch a smooth piece of leather. It is a nice coffee brown and about 3 inches in 50 . The keychain carries 51 moments as well as moments when I strike out and lose. Each one has 52 me not only as a baseball player, but as a person.All of a sudden, my nurse walks in and I jump when I hear her 53 . She didnt mean to interrupt, but I 54 more medicine. Once she leaves, I focus 55 and grasp the leather. I rub my fingers up and down just feeling this 56 of the game. It takes me on a
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