必修一词汇语法总复习

1.add(v.)a)add sth.up/add sth.together b)add A to B c)add to sth.:to increase 增加增加 d)add up to:to amount to 加起来等于加起来等于;总计（达）总计（达）2.point(v.)(n.)1)mark,score 分数分数 2）（时间、空间的）点，时刻，地点）（时间、空间的）点，时刻，地点 3)opinion,view 观点、看法、要点观点、看法、要点 point of view,viewpoint,to the point 4)指向指向 point to at ,point out(to sb.)3.upset.1)(adj.)be upset at 2)(v.t.)upset sb.4.concern 1)v.t.（一般不用进行时）（一般不用进行时）Anything that concerns Fiona interests the girl.涉及，关系到涉及，关系到concern oneself withinabout sth.从事，参与从事，参与 2)n.do sth.with concern 关心地做关心地做 express ones concern over对对表示关注表示关注 3)be concerned about 担心，关心担心，关心=be worried about=be interested in 4)be concerned for 担心担心 5)a very concerned look 关注的表情关注的表情5.set down 放下放下=put down set down 记下记下=write down=take down=put down6.“it is because that”是强调句，是强调句，“因为因为所以所以”Its all because he studies hard that he does well in every subject.完全是因为他学习努力，所以他各门功课成绩优秀。完全是因为他学习努力，所以他各门功课成绩优秀。强调部分指强调部分指人人的时候，一般连词用的时候，一般连词用 who,whom。帮助我学习英语的是格林小姐。帮助我学习英语的是格林小姐。It was Miss Green who helped me with my English.7.go grow crazy 发疯，发傻发疯，发傻 grow be crazy about 热爱，痴迷热爱，痴迷 do sth.like crazy 拼命地拼命地 干干8.do with 与与 有关有关 what to do with how to deal with9.far 与与too 或或形容词比较级形容词比较级连用，连用，“过于过于，得多。得多。”far more expensive=much more expensive far too crowded=much too crowded 10.much too+形容词形容词/副词副词 too much +不可数名词不可数名词 much too difficult 困难得多困难得多 too much water 太多的太多的水水11.dare “敢，胆敢敢，胆敢”1）情态动词）情态动词 多用于多用于否定、疑问句否定、疑问句，没有第，没有第三三人称（人称（dares)，只有只有一般现在时和一般过去时：一般现在时和一般过去时：dare(not)do sth 2)实义动词实义动词 (dont/doesnt/didnt)dare to do sth 在否定句或疑问句中，在否定句或疑问句中，(dont/doesnt/didnt)dare (to)do sth 12.happen to do“恰巧；碰巧；偶然（做某事）恰巧；碰巧；偶然（做某事）(do sth.by chance do sth.by accident)13.It is the first time/second/last time that,“某人第一某人第一/第二第二/最后一次最后一次 做某事做某事”，that 后面的句子用后面的句子用完成时完成时态态。14.put away“把把放起来，把放起来，把关起来；把关起来；把放好放好”put away your books clothes1.include:(v.t.)包括包括 contain:包含包含included:(adj.)(放在名词后放在名词后)including:(prep.)（用于名词前）（用于名词前）contain:侧重包含的内容或成分侧重包含的内容或成分include:侧重作为整体的一部分或要素侧重作为整体的一部分或要素hold:侧重指能盛、能容纳侧重指能盛、能容纳 2.more than one:不止一个不止一个语义上是语义上是复复数，但数，但作主语作主语时，时，谓语动词谓语动词用用单单数数 More than one reads this English newspaper in the class.Both of them are much more than schoolmates.They are close friends.They are more than glad to help.To me,she is more like a sister than a teacher.3.role:play an important role in asplay the leading role 起带头作用起带头作用play the role of sb.在在(剧中剧中)扮演扮演(某人的某人的)角色角色4.because of(介词短语介词短语):thanks to,as a result of,due to后接名词、代词、后接名词、代词、宾语从句宾语从句Mother was angry because of what the boy did at school yesterday.because（连词）（连词）后接后接原因状语从句原因状语从句 5.even if:(conj.)=even though 即使即使,尽管尽管 as if:好象好象在在中起重要作用中起重要作用在在中扮演中扮演角色角色6.but 连接两个连接两个并列并列句子，只能在句子，只能在两句间两句间，后面，后面不加逗号不加逗号 however 正式正式用法，可放用法，可放句首、句末、句中句首、句末、句中，连接两个分，连接两个分句，并句，并用逗号用逗号与其他单词隔开与其他单词隔开however=no matter how 无论如何无论如何,不管不管 However hard it is,Ill have a try.=No matter how hard it is,Ill have a try.（但是，（但是，然而）然而）e up1)A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station.走上前走上前2)The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.升起升起3)Your question came up at the meeting.提出提出 (He came up with a question at the meeting.)4)Ill let you know if anything comes up.（意外）发生（意外）发生5)The grass is just beginning to come up.发芽发芽come aboutcome outcome through come at come from8.such as列举列举其中一其中一部分部分，不是全部，不是全部 for example 一般只一般只列举同类列举同类人或事物人或事物中的中的“一个一个”，可放句，可放句首、句中或句末，用首、句中或句末，用“，”隔开隔开 namely 全部全部列举列举municate with communication(n.)10.base on upon 以以为基础为基础 依据依据 One should always base his opinions on facts.一个人应始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。一个人应始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。be based on 建立基础于建立基础于His new book was based on the latest research.11.in the 1600s-in the 1960s-.12.the number of:后接可数名词，谓语用后接可数名词，谓语用单单数数“数字数字”a number of:后接可数名词，谓语用后接可数名词，谓语用复复数数“一些一些”在十七世纪在十七世纪in the 1600s世纪年代世纪年代，13.standard 1)adj.standard size 标准尺寸标准尺寸 a standard book 权威著作权威著作 a standard composer writer 一流的作曲家一流的作曲家作家作家 2）n.set high standards 定下高标准定下高标准 raise the standard of the peoples life 提高人民的生活水平提高人民的生活水平 standard of living 生活水准生活水准14.believe it or not 信不信由你信不信由你 （插入语）（插入语）15.There is no such+（单数）名词（单数）名词+as.没有没有样的样的16.in the early days of radio 17.hearon TV and the radio18.mid western southern(adj.)South China 华南华南 the southern part of China 中国的南部中国的南部The Middle East 中东中东19.play have a part role in(doing)sth.对某事有影响对某事有影响20.recognize (v.t.)1)Dogs recognize people by their smell.认出认出 2)I recognized you right to ask that question.承认承认 3)David Beckam is recognized as one of the best football player in Britain.被认为是被认为是1.spend a holiday:take a holidaygo for ones holiday 去度假去度假 be on ones holiday 在休假中在休假中2.taxi bus air fare3.one-way(adj.):a one-way fare ticket street4.transport:1)(n.)air road transport 空空 陆运陆运 means of transport 运输方法运输方法 2)(v.t.)transport from to 从从运送到运送到5.dream 1)(v.i.)about/of doing sth./n.2)(n.)Joeys of becoming an artist has come true.(She has realized her of becoming an artist.)3)(adj.)a car/house6.cycle 1)(n.)The four seasons of the year make a.My is broken,so I shall have to walk home.the sunspot 太阳黑子的周期太阳黑子的周期 2)(v.i.)The workers d off home after 5:30.7.persuade (v.t.)(强调强调成功成功劝服）劝服）sb to do sth sb into doing sth (c.f.try to sb to do advise sb to do)sb not to do sth sb out of doing sth.e.g.1)Though the doctor advised his patient to give up smoking,yet he wasnt able to her to do so.2)How can I you of my sincerity?3)c.f.suggest sth/(sbs)doing 建议建议(that)(should)doadvise sb to do sth劝告劝告doing sth(that)(should)do sth.8.(sb)be get become interested in sb对对感兴趣感兴趣get sb.interested in使使sb对对感兴趣感兴趣9.stubbon (adj.)1)a man 一个顽固的人一个顽固的人 2）We are sure of achieving the study aim by and persistent hard work.靠顽强和持久的努力我们一定能达成学习靠顽强和持久的努力我们一定能达成学习目标。目标。3)The lock is rather;it needs oiling.这把锁很难开，需要这把锁很难开，需要上点油。上点油。10.强调句型：除去强调句型：除去it was that,其余部分是一个完成的句子。其余部分是一个完成的句子。It was/is+强调部分（除谓语外）强调部分（除谓语外）+who/that+其他句子成分其他句子成分Ex.Jack often helped us last year.It was Jack who often helped us last year.It was us who Jack often helped last year.It was last year that Jack often helped us.注意它的疑问形式注意它的疑问形式(question form)一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Is it+被强调部分被强调部分+that/who+其余部分其余部分Is it China that your parents are determined to visit next year?特殊疑问句：疑问词特殊疑问句：疑问词+is it+that/who+其余部分其余部分Where is it that your parents are determined to visit next year?11.insist(v.)1)on upon 坚持，要求，一定要坚持，要求，一定要 I must on your giving me an answer as soon as possible.He ed upon a second message being sent.坚持（说），强调坚持（说），强调 As a member of a team,I cannot always on upon my personal opinion.作为团队的一员，我不能总是坚持我个人的意见。作为团队的一员，我不能总是坚持我个人的意见。2）v.t.坚持要求坚持要求 People in that area ed(that)they(should)be given aid at once.坚持认为，坚持说坚持认为，坚持说 He ed(that)they could expect him for tea.他坚持说他们可以等他喝茶。他坚持说他们可以等他喝茶。insistent (adj.)坚持要求的；坚持要求的；insistence 坚持要做的事坚持要做的事 12.proper(adj.)1)He wondered whether if it would be to visit the old at such a time.(恰当的，正确的）恰当的，正确的）2)Please go to your proper seats.(自己的，专有的自己的，专有的)3)The city was in a mess after the hurricane.(飓风过后飓风过后城市城市一片大混乱一片大混乱。）。）13.detail 1)(C.)n.Everyone began to press him for s about the accident.每个人都开始迫使他讲出这次意外的每个人都开始迫使他讲出这次意外的详细情况。详细情况。2)(C.)n.These reports give an outline rather than the s.这些报道提供了一个概要而不是这些报道提供了一个概要而不是细节细节。talk about the accident in （详细地）（详细地）3)(v.t.)He ed my new duties to me.4)ed (p.p.)(attribute.定语）定语）详细的，详细的，仔细的仔细的 e.g.The mother left ed instructions to her daughter about the preparations for the birthday party.母亲给女儿留了一份关于准备生日会的详细的指示。母亲给女儿留了一份关于准备生日会的详细的指示。14.determine(v.t.)1)a date for the meeting 确定，决定确定，决定 Demand s supply.需求决定供应。需求决定供应。2）He d to make his arrangement at once.3)She has d that nothing shall prevent her from working hard.4)He has d on upon coming to the birthday party.5)What d you to accept this task?使使下决心下决心determined (p.p.)1)The naughty boy was d not to follow the teachers advice,but soon he found himself in a proper mess.2)Were d that we shall learn English well.3)a d look 坚定的表情坚定的表情 a d person 一个意志坚强的人一个意志坚强的人15.care(v.i.）1）about:be worried about,be concerned about or be interested in 忧虑，关心忧虑，关心 2)for sth to do:（用于否定或疑问句中，与（用于否定或疑问句中，与would连用）连用）be willing to do sth.,agree to do sth.,wish like to do sth愿意，同意做愿意，同意做，喜欢做，喜欢做Would you for a walk?Would you to go for a walk?3)for sb.:like sb.look after sb.喜欢，喜欢，关心（某人）关心（某人）e.g.Who will your child pet if you are not at home?16.change ones mind 改变主意改变主意make up ones mind decide determine 决定，下定决心决定，下定决心17.once(1)once 可做连词引导状语从句，意为可做连词引导状语从句，意为“一旦一旦”Once you listen to the song,you will never forget it.Once you begin you must continue.(2)once 做副词，意为做副词，意为 for one time“一次一次”;in the past“曾经曾经”.He goes to the cinema once a week.This book was once very popular but no one reads it today.(3)once 的常见短语；的常见短语；at once all at once once more once for a while18.give in 1)hand in 上交上交 You must your exam papers on time.2)surrender 屈服，投降，让步屈服，投降，让步Hes tolerant and s very easily.他能容忍，也容易让步。他能容忍，也容易让步。He had to to my view finally.最后他不得不向我妥协。最后他不得不向我妥协。give up doing sth.放弃做放弃做Will you if you meet difficulty in your life?give out 分发分发 give away 泄漏泄漏 give off 发散，放出发散，放出19.attitude(n.)1)We must maintain a firm towards difficulty and never give in.在困难面前我们必须保持一种强硬的在困难面前我们必须保持一种强硬的态度态度，永不放弃。，永不放弃。2)There is a touch of Greek grace in her.在她的在她的姿势姿势里有一种希腊般的优雅。里有一种希腊般的优雅。20.(do sth)as usual21.camp (n.)1)make 扎营扎营 c.f.make a fire 生火生火 2)The debate divided the town people into two camps.(阵营阵营)(v.)go camping The hunters ed near the top of the mountain.22.put up our tents 搭起我们的帐篷搭起我们的帐篷 a notice our hands a house23.stay awake 睡不着睡不着 still 静止不动静止不动 seated 坐在原位坐在原位24.at midnight in the daytime at night25.1)Have you ever seen snowmen riding bicycles?see sb.doing do donee.g.I saw a thief caught by the police.2)To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.26.Were reaching Dali in Yunnan Province We are going to reach Dali in Yunnan Province27.We can hardly wait to see them!We are eager to see our cousins!We want to see them as soon as possible.can hardly wait:cannot wait to do sth for+doing sth.+n.1 imagine(v.t.)imagination (n.)imagine sth./doing sth./sb to be/+clause（从句）（从句）2 there be句型句型There is a desk and three chairs in the room.There seems to be something wrong with it.There remain some problems to be solved.There happened to be a tree on the top of the hill.3 shakeShake the bottle before taking the medicine.The little girl shook with cold.His lying shook my faith in him.If you can shake your friends,Id like to speak to you alone.shake hands with sbshake sb by the hand=shake ones handsshaky(adj.)4 rise1)v.i.The sun rises in the east.He rose from the chair.The people rose against the rules.2)n.There has been a rise in prices.I have had two rises this year.a rise in value rankc.f.raise ones hands arms voice raise a family some cows5 burst The balloon suddenly burst.She burst into laughter.=She burst out laughing.burst into+n.=burst out+doingShe burst into tears.=She burst out crying.He burst a blood vessel.6.seem to be+adj.n.to do sth.like+n.It seems(to sb.)that.=sb.seems that It seems as if as though.c.f.seem:有一定根据，接近事实情况的判断有一定根据，接近事实情况的判断 look:由视觉而得到的印象由视觉而得到的印象 look like+n.look as if+句子句子 appear:强调外表给人的印象，但结果往往并非如此强调外表给人的印象，但结果往往并非如此It seems that our women volleyball team will win after this match.It looks like rain.She appeared to be happy,but in fact she was in deep sorrowafter losing the game.结束结束在在-末尾，指时间和空间末尾，指时间和空间到到-末为止末为止最后最后7 at an end:at the end of：by the end of：in the end：8.ruin 1)(v.t.)The bad weather ed our holiday.2)(n.)be in s ;fall into sthe s of ancient GreeceWe saw the s of an old temple in Cambodia.bring sb.to Heavy drinking brought him to.9.injure:(v.t.)cause damage to His leg was d in an accident.He was badly(slightly)injured in an accident during the work.Smoking does harm to your health.10.shock 1)(v.t.)be shocked at/by2)(n.)The bad news left us all speechless from.The electric wire gave him a great.The news of his wifes death was a terrible to him.11.rescue:save1)(v.t.)2)The dog rescued the boy from drowning.John came to my rescue.=John came to rescue me.2)(n.)The rescue team made ten rescues in a week.12.Organize(v.t.)sb.to do sthorganization (n.)13.dig out 挖挖出来出来 dig into 深入钻研深入钻研15.shelter(n.)a bus 公共汽车亭公共汽车亭take from 躲避躲避2)(v.i.)from people ed from the flood when the typhoon came.16.All hope was not lost.并非全部的希望都破灭了。并非全部的希望都破灭了。not all not both not everyone not everything not everybody not everywhere 并非全部的并非全部的 并非每一个的并非每一个的 部分否定部分否定Not all will go.Not everybody likes this film.Both girls are not at home.全否定全否定None will go.Nobody likes this film.Neither girl is at home.17.judge1)n.e.g.The prisoner was taken before the judge.They are to be judges in the Asian Games.He is a good judge of horses.2)v.t.e.g.A blind man can not judge colour.He judged the time to be about noon.Dont judge a man by his looks.Judging from his accent,he may come from Hunan.18.honourWe should show honour to the elderly.1)(n.)a man of honourIt is an honour to meet you.They built the house in honour of their mother.roll of honour2)(v.)Children should honour(show honour to)their parents.They gave the president a state banquet to honour his visit to China.1.quality:n.(u)质量 (c)人的品质,物质的特性,特点 Perseverance is one of the best qualities of a great man.2.What do you think is a great person?do you think 插入成分What do you think we should do?Where do you think he has gone?How do you think heat is from temperature?Do you believeDo you know I think,I know3.hero(male 男性男性)heroine (female 女性女性)4.fight against与与 作斗争作斗争 fight with 与与一起作斗争一起作斗争 fight for为为 而战而战 e.g.They fought with the workers against the boss for a higher pay.5.found (founded,founded)found a country school hospital 6.believe intrustbelieveI believe what he said because I believe in trust him.7.give up give in give out give off8.in a peaceful way9.in prison10.in trouble 11.die:vi /dead a./death n.die for:(ones country,the people)die of:(illness,disease;hunger,cold,sadness,die from(war,accident,fight,wound)He died of /from a high fever(lung cancer)He is dying for meeting the famous star.12.in prison:He is in hospital.They are at table.Mary is at churchTom goes to school every day.13.Do you ask for help when you think it necessary?ask for 要求得到要求得到 Every time he gets home,he asks for money.ask for sb.找某人，要求见某人找某人，要求见某人 A Mr.Simpson form Sydney is asking for the manager.14.Are you willing to do public service work without pay?be willing to 愿意做某事愿意做某事 willing adj.乐意的，自愿的乐意的，自愿的 Im willing to help you.Im quite willing for your brother to join us.15.Do you easily lose heart when you are in trouble?lose heart 灰心，丧失信心灰心，丧失信心 Please dont lose heart,you still have more chances.lose ones heart to 爱上，喜欢上爱上，喜欢上 She lost hear to him as soon as she saw the handsome soldier.in trouble 有麻烦，处于不幸中有麻烦，处于不幸中 He never came expect when he was in trouble.4.He died for his ideas but his work was later used in the Bible.他为了自己的思想而献身，但他的成果后来应他为了自己的思想而献身，但他的成果后来应用于用于圣经圣经。die for 为为而死而死 They died for the people;their death is weightier than Mount Taishan.I am dying for a cup of water.die for 也意为也意为“渴望，切望渴望，切望”（只用于进行时态（只用于进行时态）c.f.die from of 5.He fought against the German Nazis and Japanese invaders during World War II.二战时期他抵抗德国纳二战时期他抵抗德国纳粹和日本侵略者。粹和日本侵略者。fight(fought,fought)fight for 为为而战而战 fight against 与与作斗争作斗争 We will have to fight against difficulties.They told the workers to fight for their rights.6.He founded the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years fighting.经过多年斗争他于经过多年斗争他于1911在中国创建了第一个共和国。在中国创建了第一个共和国。found(founded,founded)建立，创建建立，创建 find(found,found)The hospital was founded in 1920.Have you found your missing pen?7.He strongly believed in the three principles:nationalism;peoples rights;peoples livelihood.他坚信三条原则：民族，民权，民生。他坚信三条原则：民族，民权，民生。believe in 信任，信仰信任，信仰 Do you believe in God?We believe in our government.believe sb.=believe what sb.says 相信某人的话相信某人的话 believe in sb.信任某人信任某人 He believe what he said because I believe in him.8.He gave up a rich life for his ideas and fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way.他为了他的思想而放弃了富裕生活，并且用和平方式为他他为了他的思想而放弃了富裕生活，并且用和平方式为他的国家摆脱英国而进行了战斗。的国家摆脱英国而进行了战斗。give up 表示主动放弃或屈服表示主动放弃或屈服 He has decided to give up smoking.give in 表示被动屈服或认输，表示被动屈服或认输，后面不带宾语后面不带宾语 You cant win the game,so you may as well give in.free from 摆脱（不好的东西）的，无摆脱（不好的东西）的，无的的 Keep the children free from harm.You should try to write sentences free from mistakes.9.He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years.他为黑人而战且坐过三十年监狱。他为黑人而战且坐过三十年监狱。be in prison 在狱中，被监禁在狱中，被监禁 He has been in prison for five years.putin prison=sendto prison=throw into prison 把把投入监狱投入监狱 The car thieves have been put in prison.He was sent to prison for ten years.10.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.period 期间，时期，学校的一节课，周期期间，时期，学校的一节课，周期 Lets finish this period and have a break.a period of rotation 自转周期自转周期 the time when 其中其中when 引起定语从句引起定语从句 This was a time when you had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.Do you still remember the time when we first met?the time 可用于引起时间状语从句，这时一般可用于引起时间状语从句，这时一般不加不加when。I recognized him the time I saw him.11.It was in 1952 and he had opened a black law firm to advise poor black people on their problems.1)advise ab.on sth.就就给某人出主意给某人出主意 I have advised you on that subject.2)advise sb.to do sth.建议某人干建议某人干 Our monitor advises me to practice more spoken English.3)advise that+(should)do I advise that you(should)not eat fruit that isnt ripe.12.Sadly I did not have this passbook because I was not born there and I was worried about whether I would be out of work.be worried about=worry about 担心担心 She worries about her health.=She is worried about her health.out of work 失业失业 Jim has been out of work for months.13.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress,until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去三十年里出现了最多的法律过去三十年里出现了最多的法律来剥夺我们的权利来剥夺我们的权利,阻挡我们的进步阻挡我们的进步,直到今天我们已经直到今天我们已经到了几乎没有任何权力的地步到了几乎没有任何权力的地步.see 在此句意为在此句意为“见证，目睹见证，目睹”；(在某段时期在某段时期)发生发生(某情况某情况),经历经历,经受经受;为某事发生之时，主语为时间为某事发生之时，主语为时间 The last few months has seen more and more traffic accidents.The city has seen many changes.14.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只是在那时我们才只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。决定以暴力对暴力。only then 此处引起倒装句，此处引起倒装句，当当only修饰状语位于句首修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构。时，句子采用部分倒装的结构。Only by practicing a few hours every day will you be able to master English.only 修饰主语时，句子不倒装。修饰主语时，句子不倒装。Only he knew how to solve the problem.15.as a matter of fact=in fact15.as a matter of fact=in fact As a matter of fact,I dont know the truth.As a matter of fact,I dont know the truth.16.be equal to 16.be equal to 等于，相当于等于，相当于等于，相当于等于，相当于 Im not equal to the position.Im not equal to the position.Women demand equal pay for equal work.Women demand equal pay for equal work.