非谓语动词课件

非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解Nonfinite Verbs谓语：谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。e.g.Heworks.Hetakescareofthebaby.HewillgotoShanghai.HedidntgotoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.Youarestudents.Youlooksmart.单谓语或动词单谓语或动词短语短语情态动词情态动词/助动助动词词+v.系动词系动词+表语表语非谓语：非谓语：无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。e.g.He works.He wants to work here.He is working now.He has done his work.非谓语动词动名词动名词分词分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词不定式动词不定式一个句子一个句子一个句子一个句子当中，当中，当中，当中，已经存在一个已经存在一个已经存在一个已经存在一个主句主句主句主句（谓语动词）（谓语动词）（谓语动词）（谓语动词）,又没有又没有又没有又没有连词连词连词连词的情况下的情况下的情况下的情况下,还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but leftherhandbagonherseat.非谓语动词的结构形式非谓语动词的结构形式不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词一般式一般被动式完成式完成被动式进行式非谓语动词的结构形式非谓语动词的结构形式不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词一般式to do doingdoingdone一般被动式 to be donebeing donebeing done完成式to have donehaving done having done完成被动式to have been donehaving been donehaving been done进行式to be doing_非谓语动词在句中所作的成分非谓语动词在句中所作的成分 成 分动词形式主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词动词不定式（动词不定式（The Infinitive）一一.动词不定式的基本构成：动词不定式的基本构成：二二.动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语语定语、状语等成份。等成份。(1)作主语作主语 注：注：常用常用it做形式主语，将做形式主语，将to do放在放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型句型1：It+谓语谓语+to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型句型2：Its+n.+to doIts our duty _ help the poor.toto句型句型3：It is adj.for/of sb.to do sth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.4.4.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 1.Letme_(help)you_(water)theflowers.2.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate_(cry),todayhewasmade_(cry)byhisdeskmate.3.Isawhim_intothesmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone4.Telltheboy_outofthewindow.A.nottolookB.tonotlookC.dontlookD.notlook5.Withsomuchhomework_,Iwonthavetimetogotoseethefilmtonight.6.A.todoB.doingC.doneD.havingdonehelp(to)watercrytocry 5.作作定语定语He is always the first one to come to school.She was the only person to have been invited.He is looking for a room to live in.注意注意2：不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词：不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词注意注意1：序数词、形容词最高级或被：序数词、形容词最高级或被the only,the last等词修饰的名词，可以用不定式作定语。等词修饰的名词，可以用不定式作定语。1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruitC.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper（写上）写上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen（写）写）towriteontowritewith动词不定式做定语动词不定式做定语6.句型中的不定式句型中的不定式 Sb is said/believed/reported/likely to do sth.=It is said/believed/reported/likely that.Sb seems/appears to do sth.=It seems/appears that.动名词的功用动名词的功用作主语作主语 no use no good no fun 1)Its+a shame +doing a waste of time/money useless worthwhile 2)There is no +doing.动名词动名词（gerund）分词：分词：Participles一一、分词的概述、分词的概述1.分词是分词是“非谓语动词非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现形式：现 在分词（在分词（doing）和过去分词（）和过去分词（v+ed）。）。2.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中 作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。二、分词的作用二、分词的作用一、不定式与动名词做主语：一、不定式与动名词做主语：1.动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为;不定式不定式 做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。e.g.Climbing mountains is great fun.爬山很有趣。爬山很有趣。To visit China is my next goal.2.不定式做主语，一般用不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不当形式主语，把作主语的不 定式短语后置。定式短语后置。e.g.It took me only five minutes to finish the job.3.动名词作主语有时用动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句作形式主语，把动名词置于句 尾。常见于少数句型中：尾。常见于少数句型中：1._ a language requires time and effort.A.Learn B.Learning C.To learn D.Being learned2.It is not always easy _ invitations.A.to refuse B.refusing C.to be refused D.being refused3.How _ the problem will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A.to solve B.to be solved C.being solved D.solving4.It _ forty-five minutes _ there by bus.A.cost,to get B.takes,getting C.takes,to get D.takes,to get to5.It is no good _.You should give_.A.to smoke,it up B.smoking,it up C.smoking,up it D.to smoke,up it二、不定式与动名词做宾语：二、不定式与动名词做宾语：1.下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语：下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语：want,wish,hope,expect,ask,afford,agree,choose,pretend,decide,happen,learn,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,manage,promise,intend等。等。e.g.He agreed to get someone to help us.They promised not to break the school rules again.二、不定式与动名词做宾语：二、不定式与动名词做宾语：2.在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语：在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语：admit,advise,allow,avoid,bear,cannot help,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,give up,imagine,keep,keep on,mind,miss,put off,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,insist on,be busy,be worth,feel like,cant stand,think of,dream of,be fond of,prevent(from),keepfrom,stop(from),protectfrom,be engaged in,spend(in),succeed in,admit to,be/get/become used to,be equal to,devoteto,get down to,look forward to,object to,stick to,take to,see to,lead to,pay attention to等。等。二、不定式与动名词做宾语：二、不定式与动名词做宾语：3.有些动词既能以不定式作宾语，又能以动名有些动词既能以不定式作宾语，又能以动名词作宾语。两者意思基本相同，如：词作宾语。两者意思基本相同，如：begin,start,like,hate,continue,prefer等。等。但有些动词两种形式意思有很大的差别，此但有些动词两种形式意思有很大的差别，此类动词主要有：类动词主要有：forget,remember,stop,regret,try,mean,cant help等。等。二、不定式与动名词做宾语：二、不定式与动名词做宾语：1.He gave us some advice on how _ English.A.learning B.learned C.to learn D.learn2.It s a pay day,and they are waiting _.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to be paid3.I dont know whether you happen ,but Im going to study in the U.S.A this September.Ato be heard B.to be hearing Cto hear D.to have heard 4.I forgot _ my name when I finished _ the composition.A.to sign,to writing B.to sign,writing C.signing,writing D.to sign,to write5.-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done6.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A.to clean B.cleaning C.cleaned D.beingcleaned三、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语三、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语 1.表示一般的概念，具有名词的性质时，常用动名词。表示一般的概念，具有名词的性质时，常用动名词。e.g.My hobby is collecting ancient coins.2.若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用 不定式。不定式。e.g.My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.3.现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征,也可以也可以 作为形容词。但要注意二者的区别作为形容词。但要注意二者的区别 e.g.The party was very exciting.They were very excited at the news1.Her wish is _ an engineer.A.becoming B.become C.to become D.being come2.Some peoples greatest pleasure is _.A.fishing B.to fish C.to be fishing D.being fish3.The report was so _ that they were all _.A.inspiring,exciting B.inspiring,excited C.inspired,excited D.inspired,exciting4.-“You look pale.”-“I feel a little _.”A.tireB.tiredC.tiringD.tiresome 四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语 1.不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的表示未发生的 动作或通常发生的某一动作。动作或通常发生的某一动作。e.g.The train to arrive is from London He is always the first to come and the last to leave.2.动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途用途，一般，一般 放在被修饰词的前面。放在被修饰词的前面。e.g.a washing machine（动名词做定语，（动名词做定语，=a machine which is used for washing）洗衣机洗衣机 3.现在分词现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。过去过去 分词作定语则分词作定语则表示被动、或完成的意义表示被动、或完成的意义。单个分词单个分词 或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前 面；分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面。面；分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面。e.g.the rising sun（现在分词做定语，（现在分词做定语，=the sun which is rising）正在升起的太阳）正在升起的太阳 e.g.The bridge being built now is the third bridge across the river(being done表示正在进行与被修饰词是被动关系表示正在进行与被修饰词是被动关系)fallen leaves 落叶落叶 a broken cup 一个破了的杯子一个破了的杯子a moving movie 感人的电影感人的电影 excited voice激动的激动的声音声音 （形容词性分词作定语形容词性分词作定语）1.She said she had an important meeting _.A.to attend in B.to attend C.attend D.attending2.He is always the first _ questions.A.to answer B.answering C.to be answered D.being answered3.The Olympic Games _ in the year 2012 will be a great success.A.being held B.to be held C.held D.to hold4.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written5.At present,English is the main subject _ here.A.to be taught B.being taught C.teaching D.to be teaching 6.-Who are those people with the banner?-A group _ itself the League for peace.A.calling B.calls C.called D.is called 7.The pen _ belongs to me.A.which it is on the table B.lying on the table C.is on the table D.which on the table 五、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语五、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语 1.不定式做状语，主要表示不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评论目的、结果、原因以及评论 性状语性状语。不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或 状态的原因。状态的原因。e.g.She was surprised to see Jim walk in.看到吉姆进来，她很惊讶。看到吉姆进来，她很惊讶。不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性，不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性，在不定式前可以加上在不定式前可以加上in order,so as。e.g.To succeed,one must first of all believe in himself.In order to keep warm,we shut all the windows.不定式表结果，常用在不定式表结果，常用在too to,enough to结构中。结构中。有时不定式前加上有时不定式前加上only，表示，表示出人意料的结果出人意料的结果。e.g.The child is old enough to dress himself.We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left.现在分词，表示现在分词，表示意料之中的结果意料之中的结果。His parents died，leaving him a lot of money 有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在 句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。e.g.I have never seen such a person,to tell you the truth.六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语 1.I have enjoyed my visit here.Ill be very sorry _.A.for leaving B.of leaving C.to leave D.left 2.I went to see him _ him out.A.finding B.find C.only to find D.only found 2.现在分词做状语可表示现在分词做状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方时间、原因、结果、伴随、方 式、目的以及作评论性状语式、目的以及作评论性状语等。等。doing往往往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。having done往往表示往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生动作先于谓语动词发生。e.g.Hearing the news,they all jumped for joy.Having finished his speech,he answered our questions.作评论性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存作评论性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存 在，它们用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。在，它们用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有：常见的有：generally speaking一般说来一般说来 strictly speaking严格说来严格说来 roughly speaking大致说来大致说来 narrowly speaking狭义上说狭义上说 judging from/by由由判断。判断。e.g.Judging from her accent,she must come from Australia.1._ the cry for help,people immediately rushed out of the rooms.A.To hear B.Hearing C.Having heard D.They hearing 2._ Hello,he reached out his hand.A.Said B.Saying C.Talked about D.Talking to 3._ from the tallest building,the whole city looks very beautiful.A.See B.Saw C.Seeing D.Seen 4._ the past,our life is much better.A.Comparing with B.Be compared with C.To compare with D.Compared with 将下列状语从句改为非谓语将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：短语作状语：1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.Hestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.togetthereontime 六、六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补现在分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作现在分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作在进行在进行。1.I saw him falling off his bike just at that moment (看到他时他正从自行车上掉下来。看到他时他正从自行车上掉下来。)2.He found himself lying on the ground when he came to himself(当他苏醒过来时他发现自己正躺在地上。当他苏醒过来时他发现自己正躺在地上。)不定式作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作的不定式作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作的过程。过程。注意：注意：如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词的定式来表示，不用动词的-ing形式。形式。1.I saw him fall off his bike and hurt his left leg(看到他看到他从自行车上掉下来，并且摔伤了腿。从自行车上掉下来，并且摔伤了腿。)表全过程。表全过程。2.I saw him enter the room,sit down and light a cigarette.过去分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有被动关系。过去分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有被动关系。I heard my name called by someone(我听到我听到我的名字被叫，我的名字被叫，my name和和called是被动关系。是被动关系。)when I opened the door,I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.以下动词后常跟带符号以下动词后常跟带符号to的不定式做宾补：的不定式做宾补：ask,tell,want,wish,order,persuade,advise,allow,warn,encourage,cause,require等。等。e.g.The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days.有些感官动词和使役动词，如有些感官动词和使役动词，如see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,look at,listen to,let,have,make,keep,get等后常跟不带符号等后常跟不带符号to的不定式做宾补。的不定式做宾补。e.g.We noticed him enter the house.我们留意到他进了那所房子。我们留意到他进了那所房子。The boss made them work twelve hours a day.老板让他们一天干老板让他们一天干12小时工作。小时工作。1.The doctor advised Lao Li _ more rest.A.that he get B.to get C.would get D.get2.Soon they saw the boy _ in the crowd.A.disappear B.to disappear C.disappears D.disappeared3.Birds are seldom heard _ at night.A.sing B.singing C.to sing D.to be singing 4.He kept me _ for many hours.A.to wait B.having been waited C.waiting D.waited 5.Mother caught the boy _ in the corner.A.smoke B.to smoke C.smoking D.being smoked 6.Having read the Emperors New Clothes,we all found it _.A.interest B.interested C.interesting D.to interest 7.I need this chapter _ before tomorrow.A.rewriting B.rewritten C.rewrite D.to write again8.When she returned home,she found the window open and something _.A.to steal B.losing C.missed D.stolen 9.There was so much noise that the speaker could not make himself _.A.being heard B.heard C.hearing D.hear withwith+复合宾语结构复合宾语结构复合宾语结构复合宾语结构这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。在这种这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。在这种结构中，结构中，withwith后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，语作用的句子。翻译时，withwith原有的含意往往不翻原有的含意往往不翻译出来。译出来。（1 1）with+with+名词名词名词名词 /代词代词代词代词 +名词名词名词名词The brave man fought the tiger with a stick The brave man fought the tiger with a stick his only weapon.his only weapon.（2 2）with+with+名词名词名词名词 /代词代词代词代词 +介词介词介词介词The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.hand.（3 3）with+with+名词名词名词名词 /代词代词代词代词 +副词副词副词副词He went out with his hat on.He went out with his hat on.（4 4）with+with+名词名词名词名词 /代词代词代词代词 +形容词形容词形容词形容词Dont speak with your mouth full.Dont speak with your mouth full.（5 5）with+with+名词名词名词名词 /代词代词代词代词 +-+-inging分词分词分词分词She felt very nervous with so many people looking at She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.her.（6 6）with+with+名词名词名词名词 /代词代词代词代词 +-en+-en分词分词分词分词All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.（7 7）with+with+名词名词名词名词 /代词代词代词代词 +不定式不定式不定式不定式WithWith five minutes to go before the last train five minutes to go before the last train left,we arrived here.left,we arrived here.独立主格结构独立主格结构 一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。独立主格独立主格独立主格独立主格结构（结构（结构（结构（Independent GenitiveIndependent Genitive）有两部分组成，）有两部分组成，）有两部分组成，）有两部分组成，前一部份是前一部份是前一部份是前一部份是名词名词名词名词或者或者或者或者代词代词代词代词，后一部分是，后一部分是，后一部分是，后一部分是非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词(不定式、不定式、不定式、不定式、动名词和分词动名词和分词动名词和分词动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语状语状语状语，多用于书，多用于书，多用于书，多用于书面语。面语。面语。面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。Given more time,we could do it better.Nobody having any more to say,the meeting was Nobody having any more to say,the meeting was closed.closed.1 1独立主格结构的形式：独立主格结构的形式：独立主格结构的形式：独立主格结构的形式：（1 1）名词）名词）名词）名词 /代词代词代词代词 +-+-inging分词及其短语分词及其短语分词及其短语分词及其短语The moon appearing,they decided to go on with their The moon appearing,they decided to go on with their journey.journey.The pupils are walking slowly,their teacher following.The pupils are walking slowly,their teacher following.（2 2）名词）名词）名词）名词 /代词代词代词代词 +-+-eded分词及其短语分词及其短语分词及其短语分词及其短语Good-bye said,we went home.Good-bye said,we went home.All things considered,it is a good plan.All things considered,it is a good plan.（3 3）名词）名词）名词）名词 /代词代词代词代词 +形容词及其短语形容词及其短语形容词及其短语形容词及其短语The weather(being)hot,we all went swimming.The weather(being)hot,we all went swimming.Dinner ready,the hostess asked her guests to be seated.Dinner ready,the hostess asked her guests to be seated.（4 4）名词）名词）名词）名词 /代词代词代词代词 +不定式及其短语不定式及其短语不定式及其短语不定式及其短语The money to be paid by the driver,the police The money to be paid by the driver,the police went away.went away.Here are the first two volumes,the third one to Here are the first two volumes,the third one to come out next e out next month.（5 5）名词）名词）名词）名词 /代词代词代词代词 +副词及其短语副词及其短语副词及其短语副词及其短语The meeting(being)over,we left the room.The meeting(being)over,we left the room.（6 6）名词）名词）名词）名词 /代词代词代词代词 +介词及其短语介词及其短语介词及其短语介词及其短语She stood there,book in hand.She stood there,book in hand.Everybody at home,we sat down to dinnerEverybody at home,we sat down to dinner.Thanks a lot!done,句子句子（不强调时间先后，表示状语的动作与逻辑主语是被（不强调时间先后，表示状语的动作与逻辑主语是被动关系或表逻辑主语的状态）动关系或表逻辑主语的状态）;Beingdone,句子句子（强调状语的动作与逻辑主语是被动关系，（强调状语的动作与逻辑主语是被动关系，而且正在进行）而且正在进行）;Havingbeendone,句子句子（强调时间先后，表示状语的动作在（强调时间先后，表示状语的动作在谓语动词之前已经完成，而且状语动作与逻辑主语是被动关系）；谓语动词之前已经完成，而且状语动作与逻辑主语是被动关系）；Used as a means of traffic in China,the bike is very useful.Surprised and happy,Tony stood up and accepted the prize.Being used by me now,the bike cant be lent to you.Having been used for many years,the bike needs repairing.2.由There being+主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read,he often studied till midnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。