高考完形填空解题技巧

英语完形填空考查内容英语完形填空考查内容v从从近几年高考的完形填空来看，主要是近几年高考的完形填空来看，主要是从从语义搭配语义搭配、结构搭配结构搭配、惯用搭配惯用搭配及及逻逻辑知识辑知识等方面来测试学生等方面来测试学生词汇词汇的掌握及的掌握及运用。而且有些词的选择，必须在理解运用。而且有些词的选择，必须在理解整篇文章的基础上，才能作出正确的判整篇文章的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。断。英语完形填空考查哪些能力英语完形填空考查哪些能力?1 语篇理解语篇理解2 逻辑推理，归纳概括逻辑推理，归纳概括3 情景运用，常识应用情景运用，常识应用4 上下文联系上下文联系5 词语辨析词语辨析完形填空的解题技巧完形填空的解题技巧1）根据根据上下文语境上下文语境解题解题5）根据根据生活常识及文化背景生活常识及文化背景解题解题4）根据词语根据词语固定搭配固定搭配及及辨辨析解题析解题2 2）根据句段间的逻辑推理关系解题）根据句段间的逻辑推理关系解题3 3)根据根据词汇的复现词汇的复现解题解题1 1）上下文语境）上下文语境把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。例例1：Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas1andthesametimefeelinglonely.Worsestill,Dad2astepandfell,sendingmynewsuitcaserollingdownthestairs.1.A.helplessB.lazyC.anxiousD.tired2.A.tookB.mindedC.missedD.picked例例2:ButEllaFant,whowasfilledwith1,shoutedatthetopofhervoice,Lookat2TheyrealloutofstepexceptmyJohnIsnthethebest1.A.sadnessB.happinessC.surpriseD.regret2.A.themB.herC.thatD.him2 2）句际间的逻辑推理关系）句际间的逻辑推理关系完形填空中的任何一句话往往都不是孤立存完形填空中的任何一句话往往都不是孤立存在的，而是要靠上下作依托，看前因后果才在的，而是要靠上下作依托，看前因后果才能确立的。能确立的。它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。系、递进关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。例例1：IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon,_Istillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.wA.and B.forC.butD.as例例2：Atransistorradioissometimesverysmall.Itisveryeasytocarry48,radiobroadcastsarebetterforblindpeople.48.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.YetD.Sometimes例例3andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange38quitepleasanttaste.38.A.besidesB.butC.andD.or例例4：Theyaresomeofthepoorestpeopleinapovertystrickencountry.53,nowtheyhaveanextrasourceofincome.53.A.ButB.AndC.HoweverD.Therefore3)3)词汇的复现词汇的复现“词汇的复现词汇的复现”是指某一词以原词、同义是指某一词以原词、同义词或近义词、概括词以及其他形式重复出词或近义词、概括词以及其他形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说，成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说，词汇的复现包括：原词复现、同义词复现、词汇的复现包括：原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等近义词复现、反义词复现等。例例1：The strange thing was that practically all the students went to class,and very few people stayed up late at night.Only the new people stayed up or _ class.A.attended B.took C.missed D.studied文章中文章中or连接的是并列成分，所以空格中连接的是并列成分，所以空格中的内容应与上文的内容应与上文wenttoclass构成相反的构成相反的意义，该题属于反义词复现现象。意义，该题属于反义词复现现象。例例2：Howdoesatoothgobad?The51beginsinalittlecrackintheenamel(珐琅）珐琅）coveringofthetooth.Thishappensaftergermsandbitsoffoodhavecollectedthere.Thenthedecayslowlyspreadsinsidethetooth.Intheend,poisongoesintoblood,andwemayfeelquiteill.51.A.destructionB.decayC.faultD.hurt_4)词语词语固定搭配固定搭配及及辨辨析析 完形填空题中完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查主要体现对词汇知识的考查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方面面。习惯用法是英语中某些固定的结构形态，。习惯用法是英语中某些固定的结构形态，不能随意变动。所以，考生应掌握习惯用法，不能随意变动。所以，考生应掌握习惯用法，用它来分析破解完形填空题或许可算得上是用它来分析破解完形填空题或许可算得上是一件秘密武器。词义辨析题的比重有加大的一件秘密武器。词义辨析题的比重有加大的趋势。要做好这类题目，非得有较大的词汇趋势。要做好这类题目，非得有较大的词汇量、较强的词语搭配能力。量、较强的词语搭配能力。例例1：Irealizedstrengthandcouragearentalways1inmedalsandvictories,butinthe2weovercome.1.A.measuredB.praisedC.testedD.increased2.A.sadnessB.strugglesC.diseasesD.tiredness 例例2:TheotherdayIwassittinginasmallrestauranthavingaquietdrinkandatalkwithafewfriendswhenitsuddenly1methatalmosteveryoneintherestaurantwassmoking.Itwasntlong2thewholeroomwasfilledwithsmoke.1.A.seemedB.struckC.sankD.showed2.A.agoB.afterC.beforeD.now5)5)生活常识及文化背景知识生活常识及文化背景知识完形填空题以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信完形填空题以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间无不渗透着各类相关的常识与知识。息，其间无不渗透着各类相关的常识与知识。考生做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背考生做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，将会大大简化复杂的分景知识和生活常识，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。因此，这就要求考生平地选出正确的答案。因此，这就要求考生平时注意知识的积累，并加强不同学科间的知时注意知识的积累，并加强不同学科间的知识融合，有意识地了解一些英语国家的文化识融合，有意识地了解一些英语国家的文化背景知识，这对英语学习和应试将大有帮助。背景知识，这对英语学习和应试将大有帮助。例例1：,shewasalwayswaitingatthebusstoparound8:00.On39days,sheworeheavyclothesandapairofwoolengloves.39.A.sunnyB.rainyC.cloudyD.snowy例例2：Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothehospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest例例3：.Onethingwealldonowandagainistoloseour54withafriendandcloserelatives.Theoddthingisthatwemoreoftendisplaygreat55towardssomeonewearefondofthantowards56.54.A.mindB.memoryC.mannerD.temper55.A.angerB.interestC.loveD.respect56.A.strangersB.friendsC.relativesD.colleagues在日常生活中人们通常会对亲戚朋友或者自在日常生活中人们通常会对亲戚朋友或者自己发脾气，但却不在陌生人身上。己发脾气，但却不在陌生人身上。加上加上morethan的句型，则可以判断出答案了的句型，则可以判断出答案了。实战演练实战演练做题三忌：做题三忌：做题三忌：做题三忌：v急于求成，未通读全文便忙于答题，不了急于求成，未通读全文便忙于答题，不了解文意，无整体概念边读边填，两眼忙于空解文意，无整体概念边读边填，两眼忙于空白与选项之间，欲速则不达。白与选项之间，欲速则不达。v只抠字眼，语法，不顾文意，抓不住关键。只抠字眼，语法，不顾文意，抓不住关键。v断章取义，就题论题，不管前后联系，互断章取义，就题论题，不管前后联系，互不照应，前后矛盾。不照应，前后矛盾。Are dreams of any use tothe dreamer or to anybody else?We may remember the traveler who _1_ the ship Waratah at Durbanbecause of his terrible_2_.The Waratah laterdisappeared entirely,witheveryone on _3_.Thetravelers dreams helped him and saved him from _4_,but they didnthelp the other people.Whywas this man treated_5_ from everyone else?1.A.leftB.got C.droveD.enter 2.A.ideas B.suggestions C.dreamsD.words 3.A.boardB.ship C.seaD.deck 4.A.lifeB.death C.illnessD.disease 5.A.similarly B.differently C.strangely D.unfortunatelyleftboarddeathdifferentlydreams Another man _6_ hada dream about the BlackForest in Germany.In hisdream he was walking inthe forest _7_ two menran out and tried to throwhim to the _8_.He ranoff as fast as he could,butthey followed.He reacheda place _9_ he saw two_10_ roads in front ofhim,one to the right andthe other to the left.Whichroad ought he to take?6.A.aloneB.once C.stillD.even 7.A.whileB.as C.beforeD.when 8.A.floorB.earth C.soilD.ground 9.A.whichB.that C.whereD.who10.A.sameB.separate C.dividedD.crossed句型separatewheregroundwhenonce It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes.The 1 has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual(智力的)growth by 2 situation that has designed for the 3 children.1.A.principle B.theory2.C.arguments D.classification2.A.designingB.grouping C.learning D.living3.A.smart B.curious C.matureD.averageCCDThere can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner.However,to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems.4.A.regular B.special C.small D.creative5.A.children B.programs C.graduates D.designsBAI observed a number of 6 children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a 7 class.In the special class,they showed little ability to use their own judgment,relying 8 on their teachers directions.In the regular class,having no worry about keeping up,they began to reflect 9 on many problems,some of which were not on the school program.6.A.intelligentB.competent C.ordinary D.independent7.A.separate B.regular C.newD.boring8.A.speciallyB.slightlyC.wrongly D.heavily9.A,directly B.cleverlyC.voluntarilyD.quicklyABDCMany are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning.However this 11 is more often from parents and teachers than from students,and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are 13 .10.A.doubtedB.boredC.worried D.tired11.A.concernB.conclusion C.reflectionD.interest12.A.studentsB.adultsC.scholarsD.teachers13.A.talentedB.worried C.learned D.interestedBABASome top students do feel bored in class,but why they 14 so goes far beyond the work they have in school.Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious.The gifted child who is bored is an 15 child.14.A.believeB.think C.say D.feel15.A.outstandingB.intelligent C.anxious D.ordinaryDC 完形填空的解题技巧完形填空的解题技巧 课堂小结课堂小结1 1）根据根据上下文语境上下文语境解题解题2 2）根据句段间的逻辑推理关系）根据句段间的逻辑推理关系解题解题3)3)根据根据词汇的复现词汇的复现解题解题4 4）根据词语根据词语固定搭配固定搭配及及辨辨析解题析解题5 5）根据根据生活常识及文化背景生活常识及文化背景解题解题