初中定语从句

初中定语从句初中定语从句周秋平周秋平概念概念在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句必须放在先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关联词。如：关联词关联词常见的关联词有关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。由that引导的定语从句一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who，whom和which，在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。如：1.Themanthat（who）isspeakingatthemeetingisanadvancedworker正在会上讲话的那个同志是个先进工人。指人作主语不可省略2.Thisisthedoctorthat（whom）youtalkedaboutyesterday.这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生。指物作宾语可省略3.Theletterthat（which）Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。指物作宾语可省略由which引导的定语从句which指物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：1.Marylikesmusicwhichisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。作主语不可省略2.Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。作宾语可省略3.ThehousewhichLuXunoncelivedinisnowtheLuXunMuseum=ThehousethatLuXunoncelivedinisnowtheLuXunMuseum=ThehouseinwhichLuXunoncelivedisnowtheLuXunMuseum鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。注意点注意点关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。如：Theplay（which）IwatchedjustnowhadbeenontwiceonChannel3我刚才看的那个戏剧在3频道上已上演了两次。由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句who在从句中作主语，whom在从句中作宾语，在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。whose在从句中作定语。如：1.Thisisthethiefwhostolemybike这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。作主语可省略who=that2.Heistheboywhomyouwantedtofind他就是你想要找的那个男孩.作宾语不可省略whom=that3.Thegirlwhosemotherisadoctoriswaitingforyououtside妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。作定语由where，when和why引导的定语从句where在从句中作地点状语，when在从句中作时状语，why在从句中作原因状语。如：1.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。2.Hewillgobacktotheschoolwherehestudiednextweek下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校。3.IdontknowthereasonwhyhequarreledwithZhangLin我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因。注意：（1）介词+which/whom介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：Thisisthehouse(which/that)welivedinlastyear.=Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.不能说Thisisthehouseinthatwelivedlastyear.that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。Thepersonwhom/who/thatyoujusttalkedtoisMrLi.=ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedtoisMrLi.你刚才谈的人是李先生。注意（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：Thisisthepersonwhom/thatyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人注意（3）关系词只能用that的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。注意（3）继续d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。例如：ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（4）关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that。例如：Whatsthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。例如：Tomcameback，whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴关于非限制性定语从句的分类定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。(非限制性定语从句高中学，初中不作要求)Exercises:1.Isthisthefactory_hevisitedyesterday?A.thatB.whereC.whatD.theone2.Isthisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone3.Illtellyou_hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which4.Weretalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that5.Thegirl_anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTomssister.A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging6.Canyoulendmethenovel_theotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout7.Isthereanything_toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs8.Thetrain_shewastravellingwaslate.A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat9.Maythefourthistheday_weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich10.Thehotel_duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.inthatwestayed11.Isthatthereason_youareoftenlate?A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat12.Thetwothings_theyfeltveryproudareJimsgoldwatchandDellashair.A.aboutwhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.forwhich13.Thedinnerwasthemostexpensivemealwe_.A.wouldhaveB.havehadC.hadneverhadD.hadeverhad14.Doyouknowwhichhotel_?A.sheisstayingB.sheisstayinginC.isshestayingD.isshestayingin15.Thereisonlyonething_Icando.A.whatB.thatC.allD.which16.Theywereinterested_youtoldthem.A.inwhichB.inthatC.allthatD.ineverything17.Thegreatdaywelookedforwardto_atlast.A.comeB.cameC.comingD.comes18.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch_washeldlastweek.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.when1.19.Isthisfactory_someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone20.Thattree,_branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich21.Ihaveboughtthesamedress_sheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what22.Hefailedintheexamination,_madehisfatherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what23.Didntyouseetheman_?A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnowC.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow24.-“Howdoyoulikethebook?”-“Itsquitedifferentfrom_Ireadlastmonth.”A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat25.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept_whohadalreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers26.Itsthethirdtime_latethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyouvearrivedD.whenyouvearrived27.Isitinthatfactory_“RedFlag”carsareproduced?A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.that28.-Doyouknowthetown?-No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming29.Ihavemanybooks,someof_areonchemistry.A.themB.thatC.whichD.those