现在完成时态

一、一、一、一、现在完成时的现在完成时的现在完成时的现在完成时的构成构成构成构成助动词助动词have(hashave(has）+动词过去分词动词过去分词二、二、二、二、现在完成时的现在完成时的现在完成时的现在完成时的句式结构句式结构句式结构句式结构肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+have/has+have/has+过去分词过去分词+其他其他.否定句：主语否定句：主语+have+haventnt/has/hasntnt+过去分词过去分词+其他其他.疑问句：疑问句：Have/Has+Have/Has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+其他其他?三、过去分词的构成三、过去分词的构成 类型类型原形原形 过去式过去式过去分词过去分词costcostcostreadreadreadmeetmetmetcatchcaughtcaught rideroderiddenspeakspokespokenkeepkeptkeptdrinkdrankdrunkeatateeatenABBAAA ABC1.1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。影响和结果。四、现在完成时的用法四、现在完成时的用法-It-It s so dark.s so dark.-Someone-Someone has turnedhas turned off the light.off the light.(有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑现在很黑)-Are you free?-Are you free?-I-I have finishedhave finished my homework.I am free my homework.I am free(我已我已经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空对现在造成的结果是很有空)常和副词常和副词already,yet,never,ever,before,just等连用等连用1).already&yetalready“已经已经”用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后，用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。yet用在疑问句中表用在疑问句中表“已经已经”，用在否定句中表，用在否定句中表“还还”，常放在句末。，常放在句末。I have I have alreadyalready watched the TV play.watched the TV play.我已我已经看看过这部部电视剧了。了。-Have you found your lost pen-Have you found your lost pen yet yet?-No,I haven-No,I haven t found it t found it yetyet.2).just“刚刚刚刚”表示动作刚刚结束，常放在助动词与表示动作刚刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。过去分词之间。He has He has justjust come back from Be back from Beijing.他他刚从北京回北京回来。Have you Have you everever been to Shanghai?been to Shanghai?3).ever“曾经曾经”用于疑问句或否定句中，常放在助动用于疑问句或否定句中，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。词与过去分词之间。5).before“以前以前”指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。在句末，不受句型的限制。I havenI haven t heard of it before.t heard of it before.4).never“从不从不”常放在助动词与过去分词之间。常放在助动词与过去分词之间。I have I have nevernever been to the Great Wall.been to the Great Wall.2.表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今(v.必须是延续性动词必须是延续性动词)，还可能继续下去。此时常与，还可能继续下去。此时常与for或或since引导的时间状语从句连用。引导的时间状语从句连用。She has lived here has lived here sincesince she was bornshe was born.自从她出生时就一直住在这儿。I have learnt EnglishI have learnt English for more than ten years.for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。since+表示过去的时间点；表示过去的时间点；since+一段时间一段时间+ago;since+从句从句（一般过去时）（一般过去时）“自自以来以来”Mr.Wang has has workedworked here here sincesince 1984.自1984年以来，王老师就在这里工作。for+一段时间；一段时间；“长达长达”so far 注注1):since 也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Eg：I have been here(ever)since.I have been here(ever)since I graduated in 2000.注注2):对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long,决不能用when.Eg.I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?3 3.表示表示人人曾有过或到目前为止从未有曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历。过的经历。I have I have nevernever had a car.had a car.我我从未有未有过汽汽车。Have you Have you everever been to the Summer Palace?been to the Summer Palace?你去去过颐和和园吗？用于现在完成时的句型：用于现在完成时的句型：1.It is the first/second time that+定语从句定语从句(现在完成时现在完成时)2.2.This/That/It is the+adj.最高级最高级+n.+that定语从句定语从句(现在完成时现在完成时)It is the first time that I It is the first time that I have visitedhave visited the city.the city.It is the third time that the boy It is the third time that the boy has beenhas been late.late.This is the best film that I This is the best film that I have(ever)seenhave(ever)seen.This is the best tea that I This is the best tea that I have(ever)drunkhave(ever)drunk.五、短暂性动词与延续性动词之间的转换五、短暂性动词与延续性动词之间的转换 短暂性动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味短暂性动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束，着动作的结束，所以与所以与forfor和和sincesince引导的时引导的时间状语连用的肯定句间状语连用的肯定句、疑问句中疑问句中不能用连续不能用连续性动词性动词（在否定句中可以），以下两种方式（在否定句中可以），以下两种方式可以解决此问题可以解决此问题:I havent bought the bike for a year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。1.1.常用相应的常用相应的延续性动词延续性动词havehave，keepkeep或或短语短语“be+be+名词（形容词、位置副词、介词短语）名词（形容词、位置副词、介词短语）”来代替短暂性动词。来代替短暂性动词。巧记巧记10个常用短暂性动词个常用短暂性动词开始离去开始离去（begin,leave,go）,借来还借来还（borrow,come,return），），出生入死（出生入死（join,die)，买到家（买到家（buy,arrive)。become be,begin be on,borrow keep,buy have,come(go,arrive,get)be here/there/indie be dead,join be in（be a member of ）leave be away(from),return be backfinish be over,下一页上一页主菜单2.也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型:It is+一段时间一段时间+since从句从句(一般过去时一般过去时).=一段时间一段时间+has passed+since 从句从句(一般过去时一般过去时).=一般过去时一般过去时+一段时间一段时间+ago.上一页下一页主菜单1.电影开始五分钟了。电影开始五分钟了。The film The film has been onhas been on for five minutes.for five minutes.It isIt is five minutes five minutes sincesince the film the film began.Five minutes Five minutes has passedhas passed since the film began.since the film began.The film began The film began five minutes agofive minutes ago.2.他入党五年了。他入党五年了。He has He has been inbeen in the Party for five years.the Party for five years.It isIt is five years five years sincesince he joined the Party.he joined the Party.Five years Five years has passedhas passed since he joined the Party.since he joined the Party.He joined the Party He joined the Party five years ago.five years ago.六、六、have been to 与与 have gone tohave been to have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”表示曾经去过某处，但现在已经回来。表示曾经去过某处，但现在已经回来。（常与（常与twice,several times,ever,never 连用）。连用）。Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾经去过南京吗？她曾经去过南京吗？have gone tohave gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已到达。表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已到达。-Where is she?-Where is she?-She has gone to Nanjing.-She has gone to Nanjing.她已经去南京了。她已经去南京了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时间了呆在某处一段时间了”七、七、七、七、与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较上一页下一页主菜单现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时一般过去时用法用法表示过去发生的动作对现在造表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，侧重于现在的状况成的影响，侧重于现在的状况表示过去的某个时表示过去的某个时候发生的动作或存候发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在在的状态，与现在无关无关时间时间状语状语already，yet,just,ever,never,before,since,foryesterday,last week,just now,in 2012,two years ago谓语谓语动词动词与一段时间连用时，谓语动词与一段时间连用时，谓语动词要用延续性动词要用延续性动词没有限制没有限制He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页第一句用现在完成时时态，意为：第一句用现在完成时时态，意为：“He bought an He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has itit”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。主菜单现在完成时练习题现在完成时练习题1.I have already finished my homework.(改为一般疑问句改为一般疑问句)2._ you _ your homework_?2.She has already seen the film.(改为否定句改为否定句)3._ _ seen the film _.3.My sister has learnt English for more than 12 years.(对划线对划线部分提问部分提问)4._ _ has _ sister _ English?4.Laura has never been to Hong Kong.(改为反义疑问句改为反义疑问句)1.Laura has never been to Hong Kong,_ _?2.5.这是我见到的最大的城市。这是我见到的最大的城市。2.This is the biggest city that I _ ever _.句型转换句型转换HavefinishedyetShehasntyetHowlongyourlearnthaveshehaveseenRevision for 现在完成时态1)She _ just _ back from town.她刚从城里回来。）2)_ you ever _ Paris？（你去过巴黎吗？）3)-Have you _(get)the plan ready yet？-No，not yet（-计划做好了吗？-还没做好。）4)I_ never _ of anything like that （我从来没听说过这样的事。）5)He _ already _ his exercises（他已经完成了他的练习。）has comeHave been to got have heard hasfinished动动 词词 填填 空：空：1._ you already_(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?He _ it last week.3._you ever _(be)there many times?Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawHavebeen下一页上一页主菜单4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.6.How _ she _(go)there yesterday?She _(go)there by air.7.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.8.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.9.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowent下一页上一页主菜单have developedgavehas given选用选用 for和和 since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页主菜单B)试做下列练习（用试做下列练习（用for或或since填空）填空）1.He has lived in Nanjing _ two years ago.2.Ive known him _ we were children.3.Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4.She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5.Its about ten years _ she left the city.sincesincesinceforfor改改 错错1.The film has began for 10 minutes.2.I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3.Kitty has bought a book since last week.4.Our manager isnt in today.He has been to Guangzhou.been onkeptgonehad1.Where is Jim?He Wuhan.2.My parents the Great Wall twice.They like there very much.3.you ever the Happy Valley?How long Peter the West Hill farm?My sister the shop.She will be back in two hours.She Shanghai.She isnt here.3.She Shanghai.She is here.4.She Shanghai for two years.has gone to have been to Have been to hasbeen in has gone to has gone to has been to has been in has gone to/have been to/have been in训练：(A)用already，yet或still填空。1.The old man is _ living.2.He wears that old coat _.3.I have not _ heard from him.4.Have your parents come back _?5.If he hasnt seen the film _,I may give him a ticket.6.I have not heard the story_.7.He has _ turned on the light.8.They are _ here.stillstillyetyetyetyetalreadystill1.my dictionary?Yes.I saw it on your desk a moment ago.A.Have you seen B.Do you seen C.Had you seen D.Would you seen2.Have you even been anywhere for a trip?A trip?I away from my hometown even once.A.went B.have gone C.have never been D.have been3.Many new railways _ in the past few years.A.has been built B.have been built C.have been build D.has building4.have you been here?3 year.A.How often B.How long C.How far D.How5.Because of the busy traffic,the plane when he arrives.A.has landed B.has taken off C.landed D.took off6.Marine visited his aunt two day before he town.A.left B.has left C.will leave D.leaves7.Mary has been a league member three years.A.for B.since C.in D.on8.Tom,can you tell me where Jack is?He to the library.A.has gone B.had gone C.has been 9.Kate shanghai for more than three months.A.came to B.has been to C.has been in D.has come to10.May I go to play tennis with you,Dad?you your composition yet?A.Are,finishing B.Did,finish C.Will,finish D.Have,finished11.Her mother for two years.A.has died B.died C.has been died D.has been dead12.They each other for at least two months.A.havent seen B.have seen C.havent been seen D.didnt see13.I to see my childhood friends in the summer vacation.A.went back B.shall go back C.have gone back D.have been back14.He a great deal since he joined the army.A.learn B.learned C.has learned D.is learning15.Mr.Huang to Kunming.Hell come back in two weeks.A.goes B.went C.has gone D.Go16.How long may I the book?For tow weeks.A.borrow B.lend C.keep D.buy17.It ten years since we last in Beijing.A.was,met B.had been,meet C.was,meet D.is,met18.Youll answer for what you .A.will do B.have done C.had done D.do19.He Tokyo for two weeks.A.has left B.has been away from C.has been away 20.She Robert one year ago.A.married B.married with C.has got married to D.has been married to 21.I the bad cold for a week and still cant get rid of it.A.caught B.have caught C.had caught D.have had22.have you been here?For a month.A.How often B.How far C.How long D.How soon23.Is that Jack speaking?Sorry,he isnt in right now.He the cinema with his aunt.A.has been to B.has gone to C.have been to D.have gone to训练训练用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。子。1.Mary _(lose)her pen yesterday._ you _(see)it here and there?2._ you _(find)your watch yet?3.-Are you thirsty?-NO,I _ just _(have)some orange.4.We _already _(return)the book.5._ they _(build)a new school in the village?6.-Has Tom taught you English?-Yes,he _(teach)us English for two years.7.I _(not finish)my homework yet.Can you help me?8.What _ they _(do)with the newspaper?They have read them.9.-The door is open.Who _(open)it?Do you know?-Sorry,I dont know.10.My father _(read)the novel twice.1.Wu Dong _(be)a soldier for one year.2.The students _(study)in the middle school since last month.3.How long _ you _(know)him?4.Mike _(make)quite a few friends since he came to China.5.I _(give)my friend a nice book recently.6.Li Ping and Wu Dong _(see)the old man three times.7._ she ever _(teach)you English?8.These children _(stay)in the park for two hours.Thank you for listening!