非谓语动词课件讲解

非谓语动词课件讲解非谓语动词课件讲解句句 子子 成成 分分1.一般谓语都是由一个动词或动词一般谓语都是由一个动词或动词短语来充当短语来充当 She got here at six.2.有些谓语是由有些谓语是由“系动词系动词+表语表语”构成的构成的 The girl felt cold.He is a teacher.句句 子子 成成 分分3.有些谓语由有些谓语由“情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形”构成构成 Can you speak French?We must be careful.4.如果不及物动词作谓语，则不可以如果不及物动词作谓语，则不可以直接加宾语，但可以在不及物动词后直接加宾语，但可以在不及物动词后加介词再跟宾语加介词再跟宾语 We depend on ourselves,not others.非谓语不定式（不定式（to do)分词分词动名词（动名词（-ing)过去分词过去分词(-ed)现在分词现在分词(-ing)-ing分词分词-ed分词分词V-ing/V-ed使用条件使用条件一个句子一个句子当中，当中，已经存在一个主句已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）（谓语动词）,又没有连词又没有连词的情况下的情况下,还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时She got off the bus,leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus,but left her handbag on her seat.See from the hill,we find the town beautiful.1.2.Whenweseefromthehill,wefindthetownbeautiful.Seeingfromthehill,wefindthetownbeautiful.千万要注意千万要注意V-ingV-ing形式形式的规则哟！的规则哟！1.1.不能单独作谓语不能单独作谓语 2.2.没有人称和数的没有人称和数的变化变化 3.3.有时态和语态的有时态和语态的变化变化。时时态态和和语语态态 语态语态 时态主主动动被被动动一般式完成式doing being done having done having been doneV-ing 的否定式的否定式在在 分词前加分词前加“not”语态语态 时态主主动动被被动动一般式完成式doing being done having done having been done(not)(not)(not)(not)V-ing 在句子中充当的成分在句子中充当的成分1.Send e-mails is more and more popular.2.Its no use take this kind of medicine.2.The film is so moved .3.I couldnt help cry when I heard the bad news.4.I heard the girl sung in the classroom.Sendingtakingmovingcryingsinging主语主语表语表语宾语宾语宾补宾补mind、suggest、delay、keep on、look forward to、enjoy、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeed in、consider、cant help、miss?+doing(V-ing 在这种结构中做宾语在这种结构中做宾语)have、leave、keepsee、watch、hear、find、notice、feel,catch?+sb.+doing(V-ing 在这种结构中做宾补在这种结构中做宾补)5.China is a developing country.China is a country developing very fast.6.Hearing the cry for help,he rushed out.Being ill,he went home.Time permitting,I can do it better.定语定语状语状语=Iftimepermits,Icandoitbetter1.China is a large country which develops very quickly.2.2.I have received your letter which says you will come to China next month.3.3.I want to see some films that are very interesting.China is a large country developing very quickly.I have received your letter,saying you will come to China next month.I want to see some interesting films.1.4.When he was walking in the street,he saw one of his old friend.2.5.Because he was ill,he stayed at home.3.6.After he finished the letter,he posted it.-(when)Walking in the street,he saw one of his old friend.-Being ill,he stayed at home.-Having finished the letter,he posted it.注意注意:-ing的完成形式只表示这个动作发生在主句的完成形式只表示这个动作发生在主句动作之前动作之前.V-ing 和和V-ed的区别的区别从时态和语态两个角度去区分从时态和语态两个角度去区分V-ingV-ed时态时态语态语态进行时进行时 过去过去主动主动被动被动V-ed的用法的用法如：如：a developed country/a developing country a polluted river /a sleeping baby(1)作定语作定语(2)作状语作状语_ from the hill,you can get the whole town._ from the hill,the whole town looks beautiful.SeeingSeen1.MrBrownwantstobuyausedcar.2.WhatsthelanguagespokeninGermany.3.Thepupilswillgettirediftheyaremadetolearntoomuch4.Imademyselfunderstoodeasily.5.Wefoundtheworkcompletelydone.6.Heated,metalswillexpand.=Ifmetalsareheated,metalswillexpand.7.Seenthroughatelescope,thesunappearsdarkneartheedge.例外：不及物动词的例外：不及物动词的-ed分词没有被动含义，只表分词没有被动含义，只表示完成的意思。示完成的意思。例如：例如：Thestreetwascoveredwithfallenleaves.这条马路被落叶所覆盖这条马路被落叶所覆盖 1._ from the hill,you can get the whole town.2._ from the hill,the whole town looks beautiful.SeeingSeen一一.主语一致性的考察主语一致性的考察1.Waiting for a bus,_.2.A.a brick fell on my head 3.B.A little girl came to talk with me.4.C.I was hit by a brick on the head5.D.I was hit by a brick on my headC二二.一般式与完成式的考察一般式与完成式的考察（04北京北京)29._ in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To wait B.Have waited C.Having waited D.To have waited（04吉林吉林)28.“We cant go out in this weather,”said Bob,_ out of the window.A.looking B.to look C.looked D.having looked三三.主动与被动的考察主动与被动的考察1.你知道他们正在讨论你知道他们正在讨论 的话题吗的话题吗?Do you know the topic _ now?(discuss)2.这个小男孩最后被看见在河边踢球。这个小男孩最后被看见在河边踢球。The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.(play)being discussedplaying四四.句子成分混淆句子成分混淆1.There are a lot of students are planting trees on the small hill.2.He lay on the grass,and looking at the sky.planting looking3.The book belongs to Mary is lost.belongingV-ing和和V-ed用法归纳用法归纳:1.V-ing作主语作主语(谓语动词用单数）谓语动词用单数）,v-ed不能作主语不能作主语2.Using computers is very common in our daily life.3.2.V-ing作表语作表语与与 ved 分词分词作表语作表语的区别的区别4.Thestoryisinteresting.5.Thelittlegirlisinterestedinthestory.6.Thenewsisdisappointing.7.Hewasdisappointedtoheartheresult.Whentheboyswerewatchingtheexcitingfilm,theywereveryexcitedThestudentsareallmovedbythemovingstory.Whenshesawthesurprisingresult,shegaveusasurprisedlook.区别区别:v-ing作表语时作表语时表示某物具有的性质表示某物具有的性质,常翻译为常翻译为”令人令人”。v-ed做表语具有做表语具有被动的概念，一般表被动的概念，一般表示某人对某事的感觉或者体验，解释为示某人对某事的感觉或者体验，解释为“感到感到.”。3.v-ing可作宾语，可作宾语，v-ed不能作宾语：不能作宾语：Wemissedseeingthatfilmwhenitwasatthelocalcinema.Heoftenimaginesflying.Hedreamsaboutbeingadoctor掌握只能跟掌握只能跟v-ing作宾语的动词及短语作宾语的动词及短语4.v-ing和和v-ed作宾补时的区别作宾补时的区别:Theykeptmewaitingforalongtime.Hewatchedthecarscomingandgoing.Isawhimplayingcard.Sheheardhersistersinginginherroom.MrLihasJimstandingoutsidethedoor.IhadmyMP3repairedlastweek.WeheardthissongsunginEnglish.NomatterhowItry,Ijustcantmakemyselfunderstoodbytheforeigner.V-ing用作宾补时用作宾补时,和句子中的宾语构成和句子中的宾语构成主动主动关系，关系，说明宾语说明宾语一直在做或正在做某事一直在做或正在做某事.V-ed用作用作宾补时宾补时,和句子中的宾语构成和句子中的宾语构成被动关系被动关系，说明宾语，说明宾语的情况的情况5.v-ing和和v-ed作定语时的区别作定语时的区别:asingingbird.asleepingdogamancarryingababyastudentplayingwithknifepeoplefightingagainstwarsaswimmingpoolawritingdeskawoundedmonkeyabrokenchairboiledwaterasoldierwoundedbyknifearoadcoveredwithsnow6.v-ing和和v-ed作状语时的区别作状语时的区别:Beingill,Icantgotowork.(原因原因)Seeingthehouseonfire,shecalled119(时间状语时间状语)Hesatonastone,readingabook(伴随伴随性状语性状语)Hearingthegoodnews,wealljumpedupwithjoy.(时间状语时间状语)Thehusbanddied,leavinghiswifethreedaughters.(结果状语结果状语)Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillageisverybeautiful.(时间时间状语状语)Cookedinaspecialway,thefishtastesVerynice.(原因状语原因状语)Givenmoretime,wecouldfinishthejob(条件状语条件状语)Thepresidententeredthehall,followedbyhisguards.(伴随性状语伴随性状语)不定式不定式(todo)的用法的用法:可作主语可作主语Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.1)不定式做主语时，一般用不定式做主语时，一般用it当形式主语，把作主当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。语的不定式短语后置。2)Itisadj/ntodosth3)IttakessbsometimetodosthIttookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.Itisverydifficultforhimtofinishthepaperinsuchashorttime.1).如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。定式（表示结果）。(一致性一致性)To do two things at a time is to do neither 一次做两件事等于未做。一次做两件事等于未做。To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。（眼见为实）百闻不如一见。（眼见为实）2)betodo结构表将来时结构表将来时:HeistomarryRose.可作表语可作表语3)如果主语是以如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以等为中心的名词，或以what引导的引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作名词性从句，不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用。用。His wish is to buy a car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆轿车。他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆轿车。The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution.最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染Whatshewantstodomostnowistotravelabroad.可作宾语可作宾语1)Sherefusedtocomehere.后面用不定式作宾语即用后面用不定式作宾语即用v+to do结构的常用动词有结构的常用动词有:afford（负担得起）（负担得起）,agree（同意）（同意）,appear（似乎，（似乎，显得）显得）,expect（期望）（期望）fail（不能）（不能）,happen（碰巧）（碰巧）,hope（希望）（希望）,intend（想要，打算）（想要，打算）,learn（学习）（学习）,manage（设法）（设法）,plan（计划）（计划）,pretend（假装）（假装）promise（承诺，允许）（承诺，允许）,refuse（拒绝）（拒绝）,want（想要）（想要）wish（希望）（希望）They begged to go with us.他们恳求与我们同行。他们恳求与我们同行。You neednt bother to come yourself.不必劳驾你亲自过来。不必劳驾你亲自过来。2)有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副（代）词，一起充当宾语。副（代）词，一起充当宾语。what，when，where，which，how，whether等，但不可以是等，但不可以是why。They are considering what to do next.Couldyoutellmewhethertogoforapicnic?你能告诉我是否会去野餐吗？你能告诉我是否会去野餐吗？My little sister is learning how to read and write.My mother showed me how to prepare meals.I wonder where to go.我的小妹妹正在学习如何阅读和书写。我的小妹妹正在学习如何阅读和书写。母亲向我演示了如何做饭。母亲向我演示了如何做饭。我不知道去哪儿。我不知道去哪儿。3)还可用还可用it代替不定式作形式宾语代替不定式作形式宾语Findit+adj+todosthI found it impossible to answer all the questions within the time given.我发现在规定的时间内答完所有的问题是不可能的。我发现在规定的时间内答完所有的问题是不可能的。Some who were famous in their own times would find it difficult to achieve success today.一些过去著名的人物在今天也许就难以成功。一些过去著名的人物在今天也许就难以成功。不定式可作宾语补足语不定式可作宾语补足语:Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime.Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.动词不定式作宾语不足语时动词不定式作宾语不足语时to要省略的动词有要省略的动词有:1.感官动词感官动词see,hear,notice,watch,observe,feel,listento等等;2.使役动词使役动词have,make,let1)不定式修饰的名词前有不定式修饰的名词前有only，last，next，nota，序数词，序数词(first,second,.)或形容词最高级形容时或形容词最高级形容时，不定式作后置定语，不定式作后置定语,与其所修饰的名词通常逻与其所修饰的名词通常逻辑上是主谓关系。辑上是主谓关系。He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone.查理林德伯格是第一个独自飞跃大西洋的人。查理林德伯格是第一个独自飞跃大西洋的人。不定式可作定语不定式可作定语:2)不定式与所修饰的名词逻辑上构成动宾关系时，不定式与所修饰的名词逻辑上构成动宾关系时，该不定式后面不能再带宾语，如果不定式为不及该不定式后面不能再带宾语，如果不定式为不及物动词，则需保留介词。物动词，则需保留介词。She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上他有很多工作要做。早上他有很多工作要做。I need a pen to write with.我需要一支笔写字。（介词我需要一支笔写字。（介词withwith不能省略）不能省略）3)不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做的事。不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做的事。I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus.我几乎没有时间去赶上末班车。我几乎没有时间去赶上末班车。Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?你要见那位你要见那位将将从北京请来的医生吗？从北京请来的医生吗？Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.1)不定式可以用来做目的状语，相当于用不定式可以用来做目的状语，相当于用inorderto，soasto引导的目的状语。引导的目的状语。Tim sat near the fire to get warm.“为何召开这次特别会议？为何召开这次特别会议？”“为了选举新的官员。为了选举新的官员。”蒂姆为了取暖坐在火炉旁边。蒂姆为了取暖坐在火炉旁边。“To elect the new officers(officials).”“Why was the special meeting called?”不定式可作状语不定式可作状语:2)不定式可以用来做结果状语，常用不定式可以用来做结果状语，常用enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词形容词/副词副词+asto引导。引导。Would you be so kind as to step this way,please?请您从这边走好吗？请您从这边走好吗？我要开门，却发现门被里面锁住了。我要开门，却发现门被里面锁住了。I tried the door,only to find it locked inside.Heisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnight3)不定式可作原因状语不定式可作原因状语,常放在常放在表示心理感觉的形表示心理感觉的形容词后容词后Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.4)不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语。主语。In order to be a good scientist,one must understand mathematics.要成为一个出色的科学家，必须懂数学。要成为一个出色的科学家，必须懂数学。To learn English well,he needs a dictionary.结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！47