语法总复习-不定式to-do-用法归纳一(公开课课件)

语法总复习语法总复习-不定式不定式to-to-do-do-用法归纳一用法归纳一(公开课课公开课课件件)分析下面的不定式不定式在句子中作什么成分1Toseeistobelieve.2Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.3Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.4Shewasverybusyandhadnotimetovisitherfriends.5Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.主语主语宾语宾语表语表语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语归纳：归纳：todo在句子中可做：主、宾、表、补、定、状在句子中可做：主、宾、表、补、定、状不定式（一）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Todomorningexercisesisusefulforourhealth.2.Tocatchthe5:00busearlyinthemorningisnotagoodidea.3.ItsimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.4.Itisnotagoodideatocatchthe5：00busearlyinthemorning.归纳：不定式作不定式作主语主语，表示，表示具体的某次动作具体的某次动作。若不定式结构。若不定式结构比较复杂，常用比较复杂，常用it作作形式主语形式主语，真正的主语放在句子，真正的主语放在句子的后面。的后面。高考链接(1)(真题改编山东)Itsstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone_(employ)asecurityofficer.toemploy（二）学习下面句子，归纳用法。（二）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.2.Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.3.Mywishistobecomeateacher归纳：归纳：不定式作不定式作表语表语，表示，表示将来的情况将来的情况，说明主语的内容。，说明主语的内容。其主语常常是其主语常常是wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。等表示意向、打算、计划的词。练习：练习：Yourjobtodayis_(clean)theplayground.toclean（三）学习下面句子，归纳用法。（三）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.2.Hecantaffordtobuytheexpensivecar.3.Ithinkitusefultolearnaforeignlanguage.4.Ifeelitmydutytosaythatyouarewrong.归纳：归纳：1.不定式作不定式作宾语宾语，常跟在某些动词后。不定式作宾语动词口诀，常跟在某些动词后。不定式作宾语动词口诀决心学会选计划，拒绝答应想假装；决心学会选计划，拒绝答应想假装；主动设法愿希望，同意请求帮一帮；主动设法愿希望，同意请求帮一帮；准备威胁易声称，渴望申请败踌躇。准备威胁易声称，渴望申请败踌躇。其对应的动词分别为：其对应的动词分别为：decide/determine,learn,choose,plan,refuse,promise,want/attempt,pretend,offer,manage,expect/wish/hope,agree,ask/beg,help,prepare,threaten,tend,claim,desire/long,apply,fail,hesitate。固定搭配2.若不定式结构比较复杂，通常用若不定式结构比较复杂，通常用it作作形形式宾语式宾语，真正的主语放在句子的后面，该，真正的主语放在句子的后面，该用法常见的动词有用法常见的动词有think,find,make,believe,consider,suppose,feel等。等。It形式宾语结构：主语+谓语+it+adj./n.+todosth3.一些动词既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语，一些动词既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语，但是两种情况下的语义不同。但是两种情况下的语义不同。remembertodosth.记住要做某事记住要做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事记得做过某事forgettodosth.忘记要做某事忘记要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事忘记做过某事regrettodosth.对将要做的事抱歉对将要做的事抱歉regretdoingsth.对发生过的事后悔对发生过的事后悔trytodosth.设法设法，试图，试图trydoingsth.试试看，试一试试试看，试一试meantodosth.打算做打算做meandoingsth.意味着意味着stoptodosth.停下来做另一件事停下来做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某件事停止做某件事(补充补充)接接doing形式的动词及短语形式的动词及短语1.动名词作宾语动名词作宾语：finishdoingsth.完成做某事；enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事；practicedoingsth.练习做某事；imaginedoing,想象做某事；avoiddoingsth.避免做某事；considerdoingsth.考虑做某事；suggestdoingsth.建议做某事；minddoingsth.介意做某事；keepdoingsth.持续做某事2.固定短语固定短语：feellikedoingsth.喜欢做某事；bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事；beworthdoing值得做某事；havefundoing.做某事高兴spend(in)doingsth.花费（时间、金钱）做某事；havedifficulties/trouble/problems（in）doingsth做某事有困难；练习：练习：1.Shehadagreed_(go)andseeamoviewithhim.2.Themandownstairsfounditdifficult_(get)tosleep.3.Imsorry,butIdidntmean_outyoursecret.Butyouknow,lettingoutonessecretmeans_onesfeelings.Atolet;tohurtBletting;hurtingCtolet;hurtingDletting;tohurttogotogetC（四）学习下面句子，归纳用法。（四）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Theytoldhimnottobelateagain.2.Theparentsdontallowtheirchildrentogooutatnight.3.Sheinvitedmetohavedinnerwithheryesterday归纳归纳1：不定式在某些动词后不定式在某些动词后作宾补作宾补要保留要保留to,如例如例1、2、3。常见动词有常见动词有tell,advise,allow,ask,expect,force,want,teach,wish,persuade等。等。【如：【如：asksbtodo】4.IheardhersingtodayShesangwonderfully5.Shewasheardtosingtoday6.Isawhimentertheroom.7.Hewasseentoentertheroom.8.Dontmakethechildrendosuchheavywork.9.Theworkersweremadetowork10hoursaday.归纳归纳2：不定式在不定式在感官动词和使役动词感官动词和使役动词后作宾补要省略后作宾补要省略to,和宾和宾语是语是主谓主谓关系，强调关系，强调动作的全过程动作的全过程，如例句如例句4、6、8；但变为被动语态时，但变为被动语态时，to不能省略不能省略，如例句，如例句5、7、9。常见动词有常见动词有feel（一感），（一感），listento，hear（二听），（二听），let，make，have（三让），（三让），lookat，see，watch，notice（四看）。（四看）。【主动无【主动无to，被动有被动有to】练习：1.Theyweremade_(work)thewholenight.2.Ihaveheardhim_(speak)aboutyouoften.3.Idecided_(write)ratherthantotelephone.4.Myfathergotme_(wash)alltheclotheslastnight.5.Thechildrenwereseen_(run)downthestreet.6.Ourteacheradvisesus_(read)aloudeveryday.7.Thecatwatchedthemouse_(slide)intothehousebutdidnothing.speaktoworktowritetowashtoruntoreadslide（五）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Letusgivehimsomethingtoeat.2.Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.3.AreyougoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldnextMonday?4.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.5.DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish?6.Ihavenochancetogosightseeing.归纳：归纳：1.不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。语，表示尚未发生的动作。2.名词前有名词前有first,last,next,only等词以及最高级修等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用不定式。饰时，其后要用不定式。3.抽象名词抽象名词attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,way或不定代词或不定代词something,nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语，等后面常用不定式作后置定语，练习练习1.Theairport_(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.2.Doyouhaveanything_(do)tonight?tobecompletdtodo（五）学习下面句子，归纳用法。（五）学习下面句子，归纳用法。1.Toseedistantpeopleclearly,hehastowearglasses.2.Theytookmeawayfrommyworkjusttoaskmesomequestions.3.Whathashedonetomakeyousohappy?4.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.5.Shewasnotsostupidtodothat.6.Iworkedhardonlytofailatlast.7.ThereisnodoubtthatMrs.Liwillbegladtolookaftertheboy.归纳：归纳：动词不定式动词不定式作状语可表示目的、原因及结果作状语可表示目的、原因及结果等。作等。作目的状语。通常放在句末；为了强调目的或意义，目的状语。通常放在句末；为了强调目的或意义，也可放在句首；作结果状语，可用于也可放在句首；作结果状语，可用于enoughto,so.asto,such.asto,onlyto.以及以及too.to等结等结构中。构中。练习：1._(catch)theearlyflight，weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.2._(workout)thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.3._(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.4.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only_(find)itdidntfit.5.Hisfatherpassedaway,only_(leave)himalittlemoney.6.Sheistooweak_（join）tojoinusintheouting.TocatchToworkoutTolearntofindleavingtojoin三、不定式和疑问词连用三、不定式和疑问词连用1.Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.2.Thequestionishowtodothejobwell.3.Hetoldmewheretofindthebook.归纳：归纳：疑问词疑问词“what,how,when,where,which动词动词不定式不定式”结构可作主语、表语和宾语等结构可作主语、表语和宾语等。高考链接1.Itsnousehavingideasonly.Dontworry.Petercanshowyou_toturnanideaintoanact.how一般式一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或在谓表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动词后面发生语动词后面发生，进行式表示，进行式表示动作正在进动作正在进行行，完成式表示，完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前动作发生在谓语动词之前。否定式：否定式：nottodo主主动语态被被动语态一般式一般式to doto be done完成式完成式 to have doneto have been done进行式行式 to be doing 五五熟记三种结构熟记三种结构1.Theyhadnochoicebuttomove.2.Hecoulddonothingbutwaitforthebus.3.IthurtsomuchthatIcouldnthelpbutcryoutinpain.归纳：1.havenochoicebuttodo没有选择，只能做.2.can/coulddonothingbutdo不得不做3.cant/couldnthelpbutdo不得不做比较canthelpdoing忍不住做不定式巩固练习一1.totake,toimprove2.tohaveheard3.tobelaughedat4.Tosucceed5.inviting,togive6.toknow三ABADACAABCDBCBA找出课文中含有动词不定式的句子找出课文中含有动词不定式的句子1.Unfortunately,the doctors dont know how to make me better,but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.2.I used to climb trees,swim and play football.3.Then I started to get weaker and weaker.4.Even after all that,no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.5.Sometimes,too,I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.6.My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.7.Last year I inventedand a big company has decided to buy it from me.8.I also have to do a lot of work,especially if I have been away for a while.9.Just accept them for who they are,and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！23