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专题13 动词和动词短语 【2020年】1.（2020江苏卷）There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _ garbage in a short time.A. clarifyB. justifyC. satisfyD. classify【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄清；B. justify证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。2. （2020江苏卷）The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, _ a new generation of virtual reality.A. allowing forB. accounting forC. calling forD. compensating for【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125 GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A. allowing for使成为可能，促进的发生；B. accounting for解释；C. calling for需要，要求；呼吁；D. compensating for补偿。根据空前The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s可知，125 GB/s 的6G速度将使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。3（2020天津卷）I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother _ him.Adrank a toast toBplayed a joke onCkept an eye onDmade an apology to【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast to为干杯；B. played a joke on开的玩笑；C. kept an eye on照看，留意，密切注视；D. made an apology to向道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子，所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境，故选C。4（2020天津卷）We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she _, saying that she felt like walking.AunderstoodBacceptedCcompromisedDdeclined【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood 理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥协；D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。5（2020天津卷）We cant _ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesnt work.Atake upBcarry outCkeep onDput off【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据；B. carry out实施；C. keep on 继续；D. put off推迟。根据“the one we have doesnt work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。【2019年】1.【2019江苏卷】A city is the product of the human hand and mind, _ mans intelligence and creativity.A. resemblingB. reflectingC. reviewingD. restoring【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。2.【2019天津卷】Kate heard a mans voice in the background, but she couldnt _ what he was saying.A. set asideB. take backC. make outD. keep off【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。【2018年】1.【2018天津】It took him a long time to_ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. display B. acquireC. teach D. test【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。故选B。2.【2018天津】At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving, but eventually he_ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave in B. dressed upC. broke in D. turned up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。3.【2018江苏】DevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisasystematicprojectwhich_ a clear road map and timetable.A. callsfor B. callsonC. callsoff D. callsup【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。4.【2018江苏】Kidsshouldnthaveaccesstoviolentfilmsbecausetheymight_ thethingsthey see.A. indicate B. investigateC. imitate D. innovate【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate调查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故选C。【2017年】1. 【2017天津卷】Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _, get married, and have kids.A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in【答案】A【解析】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. 安顿下来；B. 远离；C.起床；D. 插嘴。根据句意，故选A。2.【2017江苏卷】A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _ your year ahead.A. shape B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen【答案】A【解析】考查动词的辨析。A. shape塑造，决定的形成，影响的发展；B. switch转变，交换，调班；C. stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。3.【2017 江苏】Working with the medical team in Africa has _ the best in her as a doctor.A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。held out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out使显现，阐明，出版；C.picked out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。【2016年】 1.【2016江苏】He did noteasily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.A. approachB.wrestleC.compromiseD.communicate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。动词approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise妥协；和解；让步；communicate交流；句意：他并容易妥协，但是对于正义的事业，他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。根据句意可知C项正确。2.【2016江苏】Many businesses started up by college students have_thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.A. fallen offB.taken offC.turned offD.left off【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；根据句意可知B项正确。3.【2016江苏】Parents should actively urge their children to_the opportunity to join sports teams.A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage of D. give rise to【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。动词短语gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of记录；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。4.【2016天津】Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she _ her opinion on the subject. A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on【答案】A【解析】句意：玛丽在讨论的前一部分是沉默的，但是最后她说出自己对这个话题的观点。A. 将说出，透露，表明；B. 注意，照看；C.对.充耳不闻；D.踏上。根据语境，故选A。5.【2016天津】Im going to _ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.A. put B. make C. take D. give【答案】C【解析】句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。短语take advantage of意为“利用”，其他选项不能和advantage of搭配。故选C。6.【2016天津】I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to _ a conversation with her.A. carry on B. break into C. turn down D. cut off【答案】A【解析】句意：我讨厌她在上班的时候给我打电话。我总是太忙了不能和她进行谈话。A.进行；B.破门而入；C.拒绝，声音调低；D.切断。故选A。7.【2016浙江】We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _ us.A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon【答案】A【解析】句意：当我们学会让我们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分开的时候，我们就会获得很多。A. 将分开；B. 拒绝，拒收；C.控制；D.放弃。根据语境，故选A。8.【2016浙江】When their children lived far away from them , these old people felt _from the world.A. carried away B. broken down C. cut off D. brought up 【答案】C【解析】句意：当孩子远离他们生活的时候，这些老人感觉和世界隔绝了。Carry away带走，夺走；break down崩溃，破坏，抛锚，分解；cut off切断；bring up养育，培养。故选C。9.【2016浙江】When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that _my interest.A. limited B. reserved C. reflected D. spoiled【答案】C【解析】句意：当最后决定课程的时候到了，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。A.限制；B.保留；C.反映，反射；D.宠坏。故选C。
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