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专题一名词、代词、冠词探考情悟真题【考情探究】考点考卷年份题型课标全国课标全国课标全国20192018201720162015201920182017201620152019201820172016名词语篇型填空belief(believe)causes(cause)effects(effect)attrac-tion(attract);days(day)paintings(painting)pollution(pollute)crowds(cro-wd);introdu-ction(introd-uce)achieve-ment(achieve);studies(study)ability(able)compe-tition(compete)scientist(science)education(educ-ate);invitations(invita-tion)develop-ment(develop)短文改错surpri-singsurpri-se;playerplayerschickenchickenswordwordshonesthonestyairsairjobjobsFridaysFriday;sortsortsinforma-tionsinforma-tionknowle-dgesknowle-dgeparentparentscitycitiesmistakemistakesyearyears代词语篇型填空itits(it)its(it)itthem(they)短文改错删除play myfootball中的myanotherotherhard后加myourhisyourourusmeallboth或删除allhowwhat;your our;manymuch加hisyourse-lvesthems-elvesmyselfmyyourmy;picture前加thisyourselfmyself;when-ever后加I冠词语篇型填空theathe(other)athethe(for)a(while)the(most modern)thea短文改错foot-ball前加acountry-side前加thehard后加thetheacountry-side前加the;yourthetheaaan/oneworld前加theatheanamyselfthepicture前加the去掉the分析解读1.五年高考课标全国卷在语篇型填空、短文改错中对名词的考查内容及能力要求:(1)名词的基本用法。1)名词的“数”。要求考生具备以下能力:在语境中识别哪些是可数名词哪些是不可数名词的能力;在语境中识别哪些名词需用复数形式的能力;掌握名词变复数的规则的能力。2)名词的“格”。要求考生掌握:名词所有格的基本构成(s,of及双重所有格)及其用法;判断哪些情况用名词直接作定语,哪些情况用名词所有格作定语。(2)名词构词法。要求考生具备以下能力:根据句子结构判断设空处是否应该用名词形式的能力;掌握名词构词法知识的能力。2.五年高考课标全国卷在语篇型填空、短文改错中对代词的考查内容及能力要求:(1)人称代词、物主代词及反身代词。要求考生具备根据句子结构判断设空处的句法功能的能力,即根据语境判断设空处填人称代词的主格或宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词或反身代词。(2)不定代词。要求考生掌握易混不定代词的用法,如one, another, the other, some, others, the others的用法辨析、both,all, either, any, neither, none的用法辨析、many, much, few, little, a few, a little的用法辨析等。(3)it的用法。要求考生不仅掌握it,its分别作人称代词、物主代词的基本用法,还要掌握it作形式主语、形式宾语以及在强调句中的用法。3.五年高考课标全国卷在语篇型填空、短文改错中对冠词的考查内容:(1)冠词的基本用法,即冠词可以表示泛指、特指的用法;(2)冠词的习惯用法。如2018课标全国语篇型填空考查了at the top of ones lungs这一习语;2015课标全国语篇型填空考查了形容词最高级前加the的用法。4.对冠词、代词的考查仍然会成为高考语篇型填空、短文改错的重点。在有些语篇型填空中,对冠词的考查往往不给出提示词。5.对名词的考查,尤其是对名词的“数”及名词构词法的考查仍会成为以后高考的热点。破考点 练考向【网络清单】名词分类普通名词可数名词个体名词:dog,chair,child,woman等集体名词:class,family,people等不可数名词物质名词:water,tea,oil,air等抽象名词:attention,love,pride,fun等专有名词:America,China,John等单数名词变复数名词的常用规则名词所有格s有生命的人或物的所有格:Tom and Helens parents表示时间、自然现象、度量衡、金额、国家或城市的名词所有格:two years time,an hours ride()s所有格的构成规则of一般用于表示无生命的东西的所有格:the window ofthe house双重所有格:表示其中之一或其中一部分,突出局部,如a friend of Toms, any work of Mo Yans名词的句法功能作主语:Mr. Smithwas born in Canada.作宾语:Johnsonis reading anovelin his study.作表语:She is a lovelygirl.作定语:She is afootballplayer.作补语:Everyone elected himmonitor.名词构词法(构成名词的后缀)代词人称代词主格(I,you,he,she,it,we,they)在句中作主语宾格(me,you,him,her,it,us,them)在句中作宾语、表语物主代词形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,their)在名词前作定语名词性物主代词(mine,yours,his,hers,ours,theirs)相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、宾语、表语反身代词形式:myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves用法:宾语、表语、同位语含有反身代词的习惯用语The computer mayshut offof itself.(自动地)Id like to have a roomto myself.(独自享用)I cant finishmy workby myself.(独立地)Seat yourself,please.请坐。Enjoy yourself.玩得高兴。指示代词(this,that,those,these)作主语、宾语、表语、定语相互代词(eachother,one another)作宾语疑问代词who,whom,whosewhat,whichwhat和who的区别:what用来询问职业;who用来询问身份what的习惯用法不定代词1.both,all,either,any,neither,none2.one,another,the other,some,others,the others3.no one/nobody,nothing,none4.many,much,few,little,a few,a little5.替代词:one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those6.含复合不定代词的习惯用语(nothing but,anything but等)7.全部肯定,全部否定和部分否定it的用法连接代词(详见名词性从句):Who can tellwhatwill happen inthe future?关系代词(详见定语从句):Hewholaughs last laughs best.冠词冠词的泛指、特指不定冠词的用法不定冠词的基本用法不定冠词的习惯用法定冠词的用法定冠词的基本用法定冠词的习惯用法零冠词的用法零冠词的基本用法零冠词的习惯用法冠词冠词的活用抽象、物质名词的具体化surprise惊奇a surprise一件令人惊奇的事success成功a success一个/件成功的人或事rain雨a heavy rain一场大雨具体名词的抽象化go to aschool去一所学校go toschool去上学at a table在桌旁at table在吃饭纯专有名词的普通化He isa Lei Feng.他是一个活雷锋。A Mr. Smithis waiting for you outside.一位叫史密斯的先生正在外面等你。世界上独一无二的事物的名词前冠词的活用The moontravels aroundthe earth.月亮围着地球转。A new moonis hanging inthe sky.一轮新月悬挂在天空中。()形容词比较级前冠词的活用Tom isthe tallerofthe two boys.(两者中较的)This pair ofshoes is too small.Would youshow mea largerpair?(更的)most前冠词的活用It isthe mostuseful dictionary.它是最有用的词典。(表示三者或三者以上中最的)It isa mostuseful dictionary.(=a very)它是一本非常有用的词典。序数词前冠词的活用It isthe secondtimethat he has visitedthe city.这是他第二次参观这个城市。(表示次序)Can you give mea secondchance?你能再给我一次机会吗?(又一,再一)乐器名词前冠词的活用He is playingthe piano.(西洋乐器前加the)He is playinga borrowed piano.(西洋乐器被当作普通名词使用时,可与不定冠词连用)He likes to playerhu.(中国乐器前不加冠词)word, man前冠词的活用For a long timethey walked without sayinga wordand Jim wasthe first to breakthe silence.(word作“单词,话”讲,为普通名词,根据需要与相应的不定冠词连用)Wordcamethat I was needed athome.(word作“消息,信息”讲,与零冠词连用)He isadifficultmanto deal with.(man作“男人,人”讲,为普通名词,根据需要与相应的不定冠词连用)Some peoplethinkmancan conquer nature.(man作“人类”讲,需与零冠词连用)【考点集训】考点一名词题组一名词的基本用法.单句填空1.If you want to see how life was back in the old days, China still has many beautiful water (town) to visit.答案towns2.They are always gathering in their winter food in the middle of summer and they are making (preparation)for the long cold winter.答案preparations3.Now, nearly 500 acres of sand is being turned into farms producing corn, (tomato) and sunflowers.答案tomatoes4.Calligraphy has influenced the world widely and has even been introduced to many neighboring (country). 答案countries5.A few dollars can help to fill a (child)hungry stomach.答案childs.单句改错6. He usually goes to see his parents on Saturdays evening. 答案SaturdaysSaturday7.Some of us also made a public speech to tell people some knowledges about protecting the environment. 答案knowledgesknowledge题组二名词构词法1.The Zhongshan team completed tasks including installation of and tests for LiDAR, drilling of ice bedrock, atmospheric sounding (observe), surveys of birds and aerial exploration carried out by the fixed-wing aircraft.答案observation2.You may not know the name John Stith Pemberton, but you must know the name of his (invent):Coca-Cola.答案invention3.I was traveling in a small place in New York. That place had no taxi for a short (distant).答案distance4.Once the brush movement hesitates, a black mark is created, so speed, (strong) and agility (敏捷) is the essence of fine artwork.答案strength5.Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have included border control, the (encourage) of trade and the control of immigration.答案encouragement6.In 1962, Rachel Carsons best-selling book “Silent Spring” created an (aware) of the dangerous effects of pesticides(农药).答案awareness7.Senior experts from UNESCO were amazed at its unique natural scenery, near perfect ecosystem, and creative (combine) of nature and humanism.答案combination考点二代词.单句填空1.Chinas research icebreaker Xuelong, on Thursday local time left the Zhongshan Station on (it) way back to China.答案its2.To lighten the addiction, he created his own drink by using leaves of coca and kola nuts. He named “Pembertons French Wine Coca”.答案it3.More and more people are willing to shop online to get what they want, and I am one of (they).答案them4.In a Weibo post, he thanked netizens for (they) love and praise.答案their5.In his letter, Jin introduced (he) and Yiwu. 答案himself.单句改错6.Without ads, that would be difficult to get across a products basic message.答案thatit7.A large number of students and even some teachers took an active part in it, where the participants handed in our works which were later graded by calligraphers.答案ourtheir8.But even if every large city purified and reused its water, we still would not have enough water. 答案itsits9.Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like neither of them very much. 答案neithereither考点三冠词题组一冠词的基本用法.单句填空1.Also known as the Snow Dragon, the icebreaker carrying a research team set sail from Shanghai on Nov. 2 last year, beginning countrys 35th Antarctic expedition.答案the2.Its not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life,its ongoing process. 答案an3.Chaplin liked idea of working in the film industry because it would mean a new life. 答案the4.Three became political leaders;three became doctors;the most famous graduate became university teacher and was responsible for the introduction of modern teaching methods in his country.答案a.单句改错5.Im lucky enough to make friends with so nice person.答案person前加a 6.What a impressive experience! 答案aan题组二冠词的习惯用法.单句填空1.The sound of the car died away in distance. 答案the2.Eating chocolate once in while makes it easier for you to resist eating it all the time. 答案a3.Beavers build themselves curious huts to live in, and quite frequently great number of these huts are placed close together. 答案a4.All ofsudden, a student rushed in and pushed her aside.答案a.单句改错5.Some of the scenery in this area ranks among best in the country.答案best前加the6.To tell a truth, my spoken English used to be a big headache for me. 答案第一个athe7.Lastly, you should remember to take some food for the lunch because well stay there and chat with them at noon.答案删除the【五年高考】A组统一命题课标卷题组考点一名词1.(2018天津,6)The(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.答案possibility2.(2018江苏,32)Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the(assume) youve made.答案assumption3.(2017江苏,34)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative (explain) are hard to find.答案explanations4.(2016浙江,4 )It is important to pay your (electric)bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.答案electricity5.(2016江苏,24)Can you tell us your recipe for (happy) and a long life? Living every day to the full, definitely.答案happiness6.(2015江苏,32)Some schools will have to make(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.答案adjustments/adjustment7.(2015江苏,35)Go and say sorry to your mom,Dave.Id like to,but Im afraid she wont be happy with my(apologize).答案apology/apologies8.(2015浙江,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce (stressful)is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.答案stress9.(2015安徽,30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some(think)and then let me know.答案thought考点二代词1.(2019天津,3)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than who are not.答案those2.(2017天津,11)was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.答案It3.(2016浙江,3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different fromin the UK. 答案that4.(2015天津,2)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.答案that5.(2015浙江,12)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?答案it6.(2015重庆,2)The meeting will be held in September,but knows the date for sure.答案nobody7.(2015陕西,13)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the.答案other8.(2015四川,10)Niki is always full of ideas,but is useful to my knowledge.答案none考点三冠词1.(2016浙江,2) prize for the winner of the competition is two-week holiday in Paris. 答案The; a2.(2015浙江,2)Janes grandmother had wanted to write a childrens book for many years,but one thing or another always got in way.答案the3.(2015重庆,3)I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask.答案the;a4.(2015四川,5)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.答案a【三年模拟】A组20182020年模拟基础题组考点一名词1.(2020届安徽六安一中月考一,66)Though alone, you can enjoy your travel in (silent) while thinking quietly.答案silence2.(2020届贵州贵阳8月摸底,67)Human food is very bad for the baboons(tooth)because it has a lot of sugar.答案teeth3.(2020届河南天一大联考阶段检测,67)That writing system was of great (important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture.答案importance4.(2020届江西临川二中月考一,65)Due to the (arrive) of more Chinese, more shops and businesses grew up. 答案arrival5.(2020届黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中9月月考,45)These grapes bring wealth as well as their delicious (sweet) to the locals.答案sweetness6.(2019河北保定摸底考试,70)Bringing together Western Medicine and TCM, rather than being in (compete), is where the potential for great effects lies.答案competition7.(2019海南儋州一次统测,64)By the time of his (die), he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million copies of his works have been sold in the world.答案death8.(2019河南洛阳期中考试,64)So far modern (platform) have taken the place of traditional focuses with a wider range of creative enterprises from smart infrastructure construction to design and robots. 答案platforms9.(2018浙江温州普通高中高考适应性测试,62)He decided to put his plan into (act)building a garden.答案action10.(2018江西红色七校一联,64)To the citizens in Hangzhou, the best part of it is that it will give us the chance to watch world-class matches and(compete)close to home.答案competitions考点二代词1.(2020届安徽“江淮十校”一联,67)In terms of social psychology, one way of thinking about this is that we feel much better about (we) if we focus on someone whos doing even worse, a process known as downward social comparison.答案ourselves2.(2020届贵州贵阳8月摸底,68)(they)job is to find baboons in the city and return them to the countryside.答案Their3.(2020届河南许昌高级中学月考一,43)Then he hid (him) nearby and watched carefully to see if anyone would remove the big rock. 答案himself4.(2020届黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中9月月考,49)If you pick one grape and put in your mouth, you will surely never forget the wonderful taste.答案it5.(2020届四川绵阳南山中学9月月考,70)Now it occurred to (he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.答案him6.(2019湖南浏阳六校联考,67)However, quite a few other people, especially in the countryside, would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”.答案those7.(2019山西太原期中考试,69)In return, bookstores have improved the cultural atmosphere of shopping malls, so is mutually beneficial to have such cooperation.答案it8.(2019吉林长春市实验中学月考三,63)On this day, dragons, a prominent totem (图腾) in Chinese culture raise (they) heads with the sound of thunder.答案their9.(2019湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试,64)They say normal levels of stress can help students to work and think faster and more effectively,as well as improve(they)performance.答案their10.(2018江西红色七校一联,69)In the next few years, Hangzhou will try its best to prepare(it)for the big show.答案itself考点三冠词1.(2020届河南许昌高级中学月考一,50)The villager learned a valuable lesson that many others would never understand: Every obstacle presents opportunity to improve ones condition.答案an2.(2020届黑龙江大庆铁人中学开学考试,62)Every year, butterfly(蝴蝶) lovers in California go out in November to count monarch butterflies. They got a worrying result from their fall monarch count in 2018 number of monarchs had dropped by 86% since 2017.答案the3.(2020届江西临川二中月考一,61)Gerrard Street, which is between Leicester Square and Shaftesbury Avenue, is the most important street in the area. There is unique community with many Chinese restaurants, supermarkets and shops.答案a4.(2020届江西南昌开学摸底,70)So the key to using a happy smile to make you better runner may be to smile sincerely and often near a races end, but in 30-second bursts, rather than constantly.答案a5.(2020届云南昆明一中一次摸底,61)The Economist is English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd.答案an6.(2019湖南浏阳六校联考,69)The wedding ceremony is usually hosted warmly and the wedding ceremony very often ends with unique banquet.答案a7.(2019吉林省吉林市调研一,64)But naps can actually be double-edged sword because while were awake during the day, were building up sleepiness or sleep pressure.答案a8.(2019湖北鄂东南教育教学改革联盟期中考试, 61)Produced by China Central Television (CCTV) and the Ministry of Education(MOE),“First Class for New Semester” has becomemandatory viewing activity for parents and students on the first day of the fall semester.答案a9.(2018江西红色七校一联,70)splendid Hangzhou is waiting to see you in 2022.答案A10.(2018河北唐山五校月考,64)As the saying goes,“All work and no play makes Jack dull boy.”答案aB组20182020年模拟提升题组1.(2020届安徽“江淮十校”联考一)My mother has brought me several bag of beef jerky. 答案bagbags2.(2020届福建永安一中、漳平一中联考一)Id appreciate you if you could take my application into consideration. 答案第一个youit3.(2020届甘肃天水一中月考一)It can be a great fun and I bet there will be a lot of communication going on among students. 答案删除great前的a 4.(2020届贵州贵阳8月摸底)Every autumn we have a reading festival where drama performances are shown and distinguished writer are invited. 答案writerwriters5.(2020届河南顶级名校期初摸底)I was glad that when I spoke a little English in Britain, all those who communicated with you were able to understand me. 答案youme6.(2020届山西太原五中9月阶段性考试)15% of them think it can help some students stop focusing on showing off his clothes. 答案histheir7.(2020届河南许昌高中月考一)At first we made an promise that as grown-ups we should have a sense of duty for our society from now on. 答案ana8.(2019福建泉港一中、南安国光中学期中联考)Undoubtedly, hes one of the most popular teacher in our school.答案teacherteachers9.(2019湖北孝感一中、应城一中等五校期中联考)Once you have found such true friends, do treasure him.答案himthem10.(2019湖北宜昌示范性高中协作体期中)Encouraged by her,I overcame my fear and finally made successful attempt.答案successful前加a11.(2019福建长汀一中等六校联考)On the one hand, smart phones can distract students attentions.答案attentionsattention12.(2019安徽皖南八校联考一)I would never ask much from my parents because I knew it was not easy for him to make a living.答案himthem13.(2018河南豫南九校联考二)At same time, I will ask my friends and parents to help me.答案At后加the14.(2018四川双流中学月考)As you travel, you will see beautiful sceneries and you can meet and make friends with people of different colors and races.答案sceneriesscenery15.(2018吉林百校联盟联考)I managed to calm them down and said we should all put us in others shoes.答案usourselves16.(2018湖南永州一模)They take the attitude that large crowds of tourist to the zoo will give rise to traffic jams.答案touristtouristsC组20182020年模拟综合题组Passage 1 My name is Wil Wheatonand I am a nerd(怪人). Its awesome to be 1 nerd. When I was a little boy, people really teased me about that and made me feel like there was 2 wrong with me for loving strange 3 (thing). Now that Im 4 adult, Im a professional nerd, and 5 world has changed. I think we have realized that being a nerd is not about what you love but about how you love. So theres going to be a thing in your life that you love. I dont know what its going to be. It might be sports or science or reading or telling 6 (story) 7 doesnt matter what it is. Some
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