Unit IV.数字口译

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Unit IV.Unit IV.数字口译数字口译数字口译与谚语、成语口译是口译实践两大难点1.数字难以预测2.数字容易占去记忆空间3.数字往往几组出现,对记忆、记录都是挑战4.基数词、分数、倍数、小数种类繁多,表达各异5.记住数字的同时还要记住单位6.数字准确与否一定程度上决定谈判口译的成败英汉数字表达的差异从4位数起,英汉数字表达出现较大差异英语每三位进一段位汉语每四位进一段位数字口译数字翻译是口译中的一大难关,数字之所以难译,其中一个主要原因在于英语和汉语对于四位数以上的数字的表达,有不同的段位概念和分段方法。英语数字以每三位数为一段位,而汉语则以每四位数为一段位。第一段位OneTenHundred第二段位ThousandTen thousandHundred thousand第三段位MillionTen millionHundred million第四段位BillionTen billionHundred billion第五段位Trillion第一段位个 十 百 千 第二段位万十万 百万 千万第三段位亿十亿百亿千亿第四段位兆(万亿)汉语数字分段法:英语数字分段法:阿拉伯数字阿拉伯数字英英语汉语1One一10Ten十100Onehundred一百1,000Onethousand一千10,000Tenthousand一万(首位*10)thousand100,000Onehundredthousand十万(首位*10)thousand1,000,000Onemillion一百万10,000,000Tenmillion一千万(首位*10)million100,000,000Onehundredmillion一亿(首位*100)million1,000,000,000Onebillion十亿(首位/10)billion10,000,000,000Tenbillion一百亿(首位/10)billion100,000,000,000Onehundredbillion一千亿(首位/10)billion1,000,000,000,000Onetrillion一兆(万亿)用横向方式表现为:billionmillionthousand万千百十千百十亿,亿万万,万万千,百十个2,863,589,400汉语读作:二十八亿六千三百五十八万九千四百英语读作:twobillion,eighthundredsixty-threemillion,fivehundredeighty-ninethousandandfourhundred汉语以十的倍数来表示,英语则是在数字超过千以后,以千的倍数来表示,如“一万”是“十千”(tenthousand)“十万”是“百千”(hundredthousand),直到百万(million)百万以上的数字则用百万的倍数来表示,如“千万”是“十百万”(tenmillion)“亿”是“百百万”(hundredmillion),直到“十亿”(billion)也就是说,英语中没有“万”和“亿”。例如:234,567,891,234twohundredandthirty-fourbillionFivehundredandsixty-sevenmillionEighthundredandninety-onethousand数字口译的三个阶段读记译读1.要清楚英汉数字整数的读法,英语每三位进一段,英语读法要会分段读42123786543914,212,378,654,3912.将一些英汉差异大的数字当成词汇记忆万Tenthousand十万hundredthousand百万million千万tenmillion亿hundredmillion十亿billion百亿tenbillion3.数字的记录Thousand可写为tMillion可写为mlBillion可写为bl汉语可直接写阿拉伯数字,每四位划道斜线,英语每三位写个逗号4.英汉数字记录和口译中英译汉最常用的是“点线”法,听到million,billion,thousand即写逗号,写完后从右到左每四位写道横线即可如:thirtytwobillionfourhundredfiftysevenmillioneighthundredtwentysixthousandninehundredandthirty-seven可记为32,457,826,937,然后划线324/5782/6937,更直观的是32,4/57,82/6,937汉译英最常用的是“线-点”法,听到亿,万时划/记录完毕后从右到左每三位划逗号如:六亿四千六百二十三万零九百四十五可记为6/4623/0945,加逗号为6/46,23/0,9455.数字记录和口译时,通常可以采用只译最高段位再移动小数点的方法如123亿9千万12.39billion数字口译练习1请用英语和汉语分别朗读出下列整数数字28723245365776506542512344325766549978961543637648845637223143532453853297895316521232456313436784124356987679765543423154321536576657867983320978567227653986755232432679数字口译练习2翻译以下数字二千三百八十一八千五百六十九六千四百七十七二千三百零八五万四千三百九万六千一百二十四万六千五百八十六七万八千六百五十三八十九万六千七十七万六千五百六十一百二十三万四千五百六十五实践是训练数字互译的根本途径。口译教学要集中一段时间专门进行数字口译训练。译员只有经过大量反复的数字口译实践才能掌握英汉数字互译的不同特点和规律,达到数字互译脱口而出,快速、准确的程度。Read the following figures in Chinese:3,8993,9087,00930,00990,59179,301780,120504,781312,6852,345,4101,129,1051,001,45331,289,09810,209,01324,155,876160,890,232101,870,171278,067,9911,898,220,0001,029,991,12490,892,134,783672,009,719,2298,890,234,891,889135,481,901,270英译时,从右向左,逆着原记录顺序每三位打一个逗号(分节号),便可将这些数字切分成印欧语系诸语言的进位单位了。用此方法,需要牢记分节号左位数的单位。从右向左:第一个分节号左位是“千”位,第二个分节号左位是“百万”位,第三个分节号左位是“十亿”位。例1:1/30,02/0,858130M20Th8Hu&58例2:10,1/74,89/0,54010B174M890Th5Hu&40此形式译成外语很方便,“回译”成汉语也没太大困难。外译汉(如英文)时,译员应在听到billion、million、thousand等位时,便立即打上一处逗号。例:thirtytwobillionfourhundredfiftysevenmillioneighthundredtwentysixthousandninehundredandthirty-seven32,457,826,937在预备译出时依然从右到左,按汉语数字进位规律每四位数打上斜线:32,4/57,82/6,937,译员只需照着斜线所提示的汉语数字表达习惯读出即可。Read the following Chinese figures in English,and write down the figures in Arabic figures:六万五十七万四百七十六万九百六十一万五千九百三十三万七百五十亿十一亿七千五百万三千五百三十八万五千九亿三千六百七十七万七千The population of this city in 2004 was 78,872,890.The natural reserve takes up an area of 123,880,000 square kilometers.The coastal line of this country is 7,723,605 meters.The number of college graduates will climb to a record high of 3,28 million this summer,an increase of 540,000,or 34%,over the year 2000.Australia,with its landmass of 7,686,850 square kilometers,or 2,967,893 square miles,has a population of 18,742,000.中国的劳动力有7亿4千万,而欧美所有发达国家的劳动力只有4亿3千万。中国每年新增劳动力1000万,下岗和失业人口大约1400万,进城的农民工一般保持在1亿2000万。中国面临巨大的就业压力,中国13亿人口有9亿农民,目前没有摆脱贫困的有3000万左右,这是按每年人均收入625元的标准计算的。Chinahasahugelabourforceof740million,whilethecombinedlabourforceforthedevelopedcountriesofEuropeandNorthAmericaisjust430million.Meanwhile,eachyearChinaseesanincreaseinnewlabourofsome10million,andthecountryslaid-offandjoblesspeoplenowtotalnearly14million.Thesizeoftheruralmigrantworkforceincitiesremainssteadyataround120million,puttingChinaunderimmenseemploymentpressure.Some900millionofChinastotal1.3billionpopulationliveinthecountryside,and30millionofthemstilllivebelowthepovertyline.Weallknowthatthepercapitaincomeisonly625yuan,verylow.Practice1.tenyearsago,Chinahad1075fulltimeinstitutionsofhigherlearningwith88,100graduatesand1,320,000undergraduates.Sofar,intertiaryinstitutionsthereare1,700researchinstitutesofnaturalscience.2.shanghaigenerated144.77billionyuanintotaltax,Corporateincometaxroseby16.6percentto88.17billionyuanandindividualincometaxwas13.41billionyuan,up41percent.3.Chinasforeignreserves,theworldssecondlargestafterJapan,hasincreasedby48.4percenttoUS$383.9billionfromthepreviousyear.4.ShanghaiVolkswagen,Chinaslargestautomaker,isplanningtoinvestaminimumofUS$120milliononnewproductdevelopmentineachofthenextfiveyearswithanaimtodoubleitannualsalesto600,000units.Itachievedcombinedsalesof400,000unitslastyear,a32percentincreasefromayearearlier.TheBritish&USSystemLength长度mile/mi哩=1,609kmfathom/fm寻=1,829myard/yd码=0.914mfoot/ft英尺=30.48cminch/in英寸=2.54cmWeight重量pound/lb.磅=0.454kgounce/oz.盎司=28.35gCapacity容量gallon/gal.加仑4.5461升Temperature温度C(Centigrade)摄氏=(F-32)5/9F(Fahrenheit)华氏=C9/5+32分数的译法A的平方AsquareB的立方BcubeC的四次方CtothefourthA的平方根thesquarerootofAB的立方根thecubicrootofB二分之一:a/onehalf四分之一:a/onequarter四分之三:threequarters十分之九:nine-tenths千分之三:three-thousandths五十三分之七十九:seventy-nineoverfifty-three九十五分之二十六:twenty-sixoverninety-five五又三分之二:fiveandtwo-thirds小数、分数和百分数译法和读法。如:0.45:(zero)pointfourfive25.65:twenty-fivepointsixfive1/6:onesixth;asixth3/4:threefourth0.8%:pointeightpercent13%:thirteenpercent0:naught(inBrE)orzero(inAmE)0.8:pointeight;zero/naughtpointeight0.323:pointthreetwothree;zero/naughtpointthreetwothree0.009%:zero/naughtpointooninepercent9.007:ninepointooseven98.53%:ninety-eightpointfivethreepercent0.7万:7,000orseventhousand0.9亿:ninetymillion36.09万:threehundredandsixtythousand,ninehundred437.98万:fourmillion,threehundredandseventy-ninethousand,eighthundred8.4亿:eightyhundredandfortymillion比例和百分比的译法正比:varywith,beproportionalto,themore.themore.反比:varyinverselywith,themore.theless.打折扣的表达方法:打八折20percentdiscount模糊数字的口译几个:some,afew,several,anumberof十几个:morethan/overadozen,less/nomorethantwenty数十/几十/好几十/数十年:tensof(20-99);dozensof(24-99);scoresof(40-99);decadesof(20-99)数百/数以百计/几百/好几百/成百:hundredsof(200-999);severalhundred;bythehundred数千/数以千计/几千/好几千/成千:thousandsof(2000-9999);severalthousand;bythethousand数万/数以万计/几万/好几万:tensofthousandsof(20,000-99,999)数十万/几十万/好几十万:hundredsofthousandsof(200,000-999,999)数百万/几百万/好几百万:millionsof(2,000,000-9,999,999)“大于某数”表达为“morethanoverabove+某数”,或用“ormore”e.g.alittleoverthirty;above10degrees;Twentygirlsormore三百多美元:morethan/over/above/upwardsofthreehundreddollars;threehundreddollarsandmore/odd/andodd.“小于某数”:“lessthanunderbelownearlyalmostupto+某数”,或用“orless”,e.g.lessthantwentyweeks;underfiveyearsold;nearlyfiveyearsold;uptotenboysandgirls;belowtendegrees.口译中倍数的训练倍数在英语和汉语中的表示法在概念上有相似之处,但也有不同之处,口译时应特别注意。关于倍数的增减的译法“be+形容词+as+数词”或“动词+as+副词+数词”e.g.aslargeas+数词.可译为“大到”asmanyas+数词.可译为“多达”ashighas+数词.可译为“高达”asheavyas+数词.可译为“重达”aslowas+数词.可译为“低到”关于倍数的增减的译法e.g.“AbeNtimesaslarge(longHeavy)asB“AbeNtimeslargerthanB”可译为:“A的大小是B的N倍”。“主语+谓语+doubletreblequadruple结构double可译为“增加一倍”或“翻一番”;treble可译为“增加两倍”或“增加到三倍”;quadruple可译成“增加三倍”或“翻两翻”等。二、倍数常见倍数说法:句型一:甲是乙倍(两倍/三倍)表示双倍时,可用如twiceasas,twicethenumber,increaseby100%,或double等。三倍以上以此类推。例如:今年的粮食产量大约是去年的两倍。Thegrainoutputofthisyearisabouttwiceasgreatasthatoflastyear.句型二:倍数+比较级+thanIronisalmostthreetimesheavierthanaluminium.铁的重量几乎是铝的三倍。句型三:increase/grow/multiplyby+n+times(n:倍数)Thegrainoutputofthisyearhasincreasedby100%overlastyear.今年的粮食产量比去年翻一番。句型四:(double/triple/quadruple等)+the+名词Thegrainoutputofthisyearisdoublewhatitwaslastyear.今年的粮食产量比去年多了一倍。Exercises1.在二十多年的时间里,中国经济以每年10%的速度增长,使2.5亿人摆脱了贫困,并产生了多达5,000多万人的中产阶级。Keys:Inmorethan20years,Chinaseconomygrowsatanannualrateof10percent,whichlifts250millionpeopleoutofpovertyandproducesmorethan50millionofmiddleclasspeople.2、中国每年用于环保的投资约为1,700亿元,并且正在以每年15%的速度递增。Keys:EveryyearChinainvestsabout170billionyuaninitsenvironmentalprotectionandtheinvestmentisincreasingatanannualrateof15percent.3、从2006年到2010年,中国将进口约2.8万亿美元的设备、技术和产品。Keys:ChinawillimportUS$2.8trillionworthofequipment,technologiesandproductsfrom2006to2010.从1978年-2004年的26年间,中国国内生产总值从1473亿美元增长到16494亿美元,年均增长94;国家外汇储备从167亿美元增长到6099亿美元;农村贫闲人口从25亿人减少到2600万人。1.Morethan128millionAmericanshaveamobilephone.Thediscardedcellphonesarecausingseriousenvironmentalpollution.1.2.TheUnitedStateshasapopulationof269,857,000withatotalareaof9,372,610squarekilometers,or3,618,765squaremiles.结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听!谢谢大家聆听!50
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