高考英语核心词汇

A 1. abandon vt. 抛弃；离开；中止 （1) The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms _ abandon (尽情地). 【答案】with （2) The lost car of the manager was found _ in the woods off the highway. A. abandoned B. refused C. lost D. scattered 【答案】答案 A解析：句意：经理丢失的车被发现遗弃在公路旁边的树林里。abandon“丢弃；遗弃”，符合题意。 （3) Some young men _ themselves to pleasures and do nothing. A. abandon B. desert C. quit D. cancel 【答案】答案 A 解析：考查固定短语abandon oneself to“纵情于；沉溺于”；其它选项或者搭配不对或者意义不合适。 （4) （2012浙江）Peter had intended to take a job in business, but _ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.A. had abandoned B. abandonedC. abandonD. will abandon【答案】答案B解析：根据but提示，是并列句，故前后时态一致。与had intended相呼应，可知此空应在表示过去时的范围选择，由此排除C、D选项。且abandon动作只是陈述了过去所发生的一件事而已，没有在intend之前，故排除A选项（过去的过去），由此可知答案B符合文意。一般过去时表示对过去所发生的一件事情的简单陈述而已。2. aboard prep. & ad. 在（船、飞机、公共汽车、火车等） （1)用board , abroad , aboard填空 Li Hua, who has the change to go _ is on _ and talking happily with other people _.李华获得了出国的机会，现在正坐在飞机上和其他乘客愉快地交谈着。【答案】abroad , board , aboard （2) They went _ the ship just before it started to leave. A. aboard B. board C. aboard on D. board on 【答案】答案A 解析：go aboard the ship或go on board the ship是固定说法，意为“上船”。 （3) Come _ quickly. The plane will take off in 10 minutes. A. at B. for C. aboard D. towards【答案】答案 C解析：句意：快点登机，十分钟后飞机要起飞。根据句意，只有C项aboard（上船、车、飞机等）符合题意。3. absence n. 缺席；缺乏 （1) 句型转换A: The decision was made while I was not there. B: The decision was made _ _ _ . 【答案】in my absence （2) He _ for weeks, so he had a lot of work to _. A. was absence; make B. was absent; make up C. had absence; make out D. had absent; make 【答案】答案 B解析：absence是名词，“缺席，不在”，absent是形容词，“缺席的，不在的”。空一为谓语，应用be absent；空二后为“弥补”之意的make up。make out意为“理解”。 （3) The doctor think that something important is _ from her diet. A. absent B. absence C. tired D. absorbed 【答案】答案 A解析：考查固定短语be absent from“缺少”；absence为名词，在此不合适。4. absorb v. 吸收；使并入；理解 （1) _ (absorb) in his work, Tom simply forgot food and sleep.汤姆专心于工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。 【答案】Absorbed （2) _ in her new novel, the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours in her study. A. Having deeply absorbed B. Deeply absorbing C. Deeply having been absorbed D. Deeply absorbed 【答案】答案 D解析：由语境可知，此处动作与kept是同时进行，所以不能用完成时态，且be absorbed in意为“专注于”，B为主动，不符合此用法，故选D，此处作状语。 （3) She was so _ in her job that she didnt hear someone knocking at the door. A. absorbed B. attracted C. drawn D. concentrated 【答案】答案A解析：只有A项在此可以构成固定搭配be absorbed in“专心于”。5. abuse n. 滥用；虐待 v. 滥用；虐待 （1) He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse _ power.他因被控贪污腐化和滥用职权而遭逮捕。 【答案】of （2) What are you worried about? The fact that many children are still being _. A. managed B. abused C. questioned D. founded 【答案】答案 B解析：句意：你担心什么？许多孩子仍然受到虐待的事。abuse“虐待”，符合题意。 （3) It has been revealed that some government leaders _ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves. A. employ B. take C. abuse D. overlook 【答案】答案 C解析：abuse“滥用，妄用（权力等）；（不当地）使用”。题意：一些政府领导揭露滥用职权，非法谋利。Employ“雇用，使用”；take “拿，取等”；overlook“俯瞰，眺望；忽略”。6. access n. 通道；入径；机会；权利 （1) Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would not be _ (access) to the kids. 【答案】accessible （2) The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library. A. access B. passage C. way D. approach 【答案】答案A解析：句意：新设计的系统能够让学生便捷、容易地搜索到图书馆的电子资源。这里giveaccess to是固定词组，表示“能得到，能进入”，所以选A。 （3) I think it is a top priority for us to furnish the children with _ to the Internet. A. procedure B. allowance C. means D. access 【答案】答案D解析：access to“接近；进入；使用”，符合题意。7. accompany v. 陪同；伴随；与同时发生（1)用company , companion , accompany 填空 Last night, my _ kept me _ to see a film and then they _ me to my home.昨天晚上，我的伙伴们陪我看了一场电影然后陪我回了家。 【答案】companions ; company ; accompanied（2) Tomorrow the mayor is to _ a group of French businessmen on a tour of the city. A. accompany B. support C. associate D. assist【答案】答案A解析：从“a tour of the city”，“the mayor”和“Canadian businessmen”可确定答案为accompany“陪伴，陪同”。句意：明天市长将陪同加拿大实业家游览本市。 （3) The finger was accompanied _ the piano _ her sister. A. on; by B. at; to C. to; at D. with; in【答案】答案 A解析：句意：女歌手由她姐姐作钢琴伴奏。考查固定短语accompany sb. on / at by.“某人用给某人伴奏”（4) （2014湖南）21.Children，whenby their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.A. to be accompanied B. to accompany C.accompanying D. accompanied【答案】答案D解析：考查非谓语动词。由when可知所填词做题干的时间状语，逻辑主语是题干的主语children，所填词与逻辑主语是被动关系，故用过去分词，选D。8. account n. 帐户（目）；说明；理由；报道 v. 认为是；说明 （1) _ no account should you tell him. 【答案】On （2) Lack of money _ her not continuing her studies. A. accounts for B. cares for C. explains to D. approves of 【答案】答案 A解析：句意缺钱是她辍学的原因。account for“说明的原因”；care for“喜欢”；explain to“向某人解释”；approve of“赞成”。 （3) As he has been in a terrible state of mind these days, on no account _ succeed in the coming English speech competition. A. has he B. does he C. will he D. he will 【答案】答案 C解析：on no account放在句首时，句子用倒装语序，排除D项，又根据in the coming English speech competition可判断句子用将来时，用答案为C。9. acknowledge vt. 承认；感谢；告知 （1) It_ universally _ (acknowledge) that he is the best player in the world. 【答案】is ; acknowledged （2) His long service with the company was _ with a special present. A. admitted B. acknowledged C. accepted D. returned【答案】答案 B解析：句意：公司赠与他一件礼物以表示对他在公司多年工作的认可。表达“承认；认可”，只有B项符合题意。 （3) He _ having been frightened. A. acknowledged B. confessed C. recognized D. admitted 【答案】答案 A解析：acknowledge指“公开承认（隐瞒或否认过的事）”。题意为：他承认受惊。confess通常指自愿服罪或认错；recognize指“正式承认（主权、权利）”；admit则指“在外界或自己良心的压力下承认”。10. adapt v. 适应（合）；改编（写）（1) The film is adapted from his story. It mainly tells us his quick adaption to the new environment, and in fact at first he thought he couldnt adapt himself to the changed environment.【答案】adapted adaption adapt （2) We must learn to _ the new life when going abroad. A. adapt B. adapt to C. adapt with D. adapt in 【答案】答案 B解析：考查固定短语adapt to“适应”。句意为：当去国外时我们必须学会适应新的生活。 （3) Im sure shell cope with the changes very well shes very _. A. easy B. adaptable C. different D. accessible【答案】答案 B解析：句意：我相信她会很妥善地应付这些变化她的适应能力很强。从题意可知只有B项正确。11. adjust v. 调节；调整；适应 （1) She soon adjusted herself _ his way of life. 【答案】to （2) Did he say something in the lecture that _ you? Not really. Actually I felt sleepy over his speech. A. adjusted to B. attached to C. referred to D. appealed to 【答案】答案 D解析：考查动词短语辨析。根据下文可知演讲并没有吸引我，故选appeal to“对有吸引力”。adjust to“适应”；attach to“依附于”；refer to“提及”。 (3) You cant see through a telescope unless it is correctly _ to your sight. A. adapted B. admitted C. adopted D. adjusted 【答案】答案 D解析：除非你把望远镜调节得完全适合你的视线，否则你看不见。根据上下文和一般常识可知道，用telescope年必须先调整好焦距，才能看得清，因此后半句话一定是调节以适合视线，故D是正确答案。12. admire v. 钦佩；赞赏；欣赏 (1) I have great _ (admire) _ her _ a writer.我十分钦佩她这个作家。【答案】admiration ; for ; as (2) I really _ you for your way of making decisions. A. accept B. absorb C. advise D. admire 【答案】答案 D解析：句意：我真的佩服你做决定的方式。admire sb. for“佩服某人”。 (3) We _ the old scientist _ his contribution _ the country. A. admire; for; to B. admire; at; to C. respect; on; for D. respect; on; at 【答案】答案 A解析：admire sb. for“钦佩、羡慕某人”；而contribution to是“对的贡献”，故选A。13. admit v. 承认；准许进入；容纳 (1) Though the public are against the parks charging for _ (入场费) before they _ (准许进入) them, the parks _ (不承认) that they are making a profit from the public. 【答案】admission are admitted to dont admit / make no admission (2)Did Jack _ having taken some books without telling anybody? Yes, he did. He said he took three books. A. imagine B. allow C. attempt D. admit 【答案】答案 D解析：句意：杰克承认了没有告诉任何人就拿走了一些书吗？admit“承认”；imagine“想象”；allow“允许”；attempt“试图”。 (3) The graduates _ into the company usually receive strict training before they start to work. A. accepted B. accepting C. admitted D. admitting 【答案】答案 C解析：admit sb. to / into“接受某人（成为其会员）”，其被动式为sb. be admitted to / into，本题中此结构用作定语，相当于who are admitted into the company。14. adopt v. 收养；领养；采用（纳） (1) She was forced to have her baby _ (adopt). 【答案】adopted (2) His suggestion has been _ by people in many parts of the world. A. adopting B. adopted C. adapted D. adapting 【答案】答案 B解析：句意：他的建议被世界许多地方的人所采纳。主语和动词之间是被动关系，排除A、D项，“采纳”是adopt，故正确答案为B。 (3) It occurred to me that he _ a girl whose parents died in the earthquake. A. adapted B. adopted C. adored D. arranged 【答案】答案 B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。根据句意“他收养了一位女孩”，“收养”为adopt。15. advance v. 前进；进步n. 前进；发展(1) Youd better learn the _ (advance) maths _ (提前) or you will fall behind.【答案】advanced ; in advance (2) _ is known to all, China will be an _ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years or so. A. That; advancing B. This; advanced C. As; advanced D. It; advancing 【答案】答案 C解析：as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面全句内容，本身充当主语；“先进的”国家，用形容词advanced修饰。 (3) Ive been told that our teacher has _ the deadline for the composition by two days and we have to hand it in tomorrow morning. A. made B. cut C. advanced D. suggested 【答案】答案 C解析：advanced意为“将（日期）提前、提早”。16. advocate v. 拥护；提倡；主张；n. 支持者；拥护者；提倡者 (1) He advocates reducing (reduce) military spending. 【答案】 reducing (2) There are not many teachers who are strong _ of traditional methods in English teaching. A. sponsors B. contributors C. advocates D. performers 【答案】答案 C解析：advocate指“拥护者，提倡者”，题意为：在英语教学中坚决主张采用传统教学方法的教师为数不多。sponsor“发起者，主办者”；contributor“投稿者，捐助者”；performer“表演者，执行者”。根据句意只有C项合适。 (3) There is no point _ improved public transport unless we can pay for it. A. advocating B. advocated C. to advocate D. advocate 【答案】答案 A解析：考查固定句型There is no point doing.，“做是没有意义的”。17. affair n. 事件；事务 (1) She had an affair _ her boss that lasted six years. 【答案】with (2) The new president is seen to be unreliable on foreign _. A. things B. affairs C. matters D. businesses【答案】答案 B解析：foreign affairs“外交事务”，为固定短语。 (3) We have a round-the-city race on New Years Day, which is the greatest outdoor _ of the year. A. matter B. event C. case D. affair【答案】答案 B解析：event表示“（所发生的）事件”。18. affect v. 影响；打动；（疾病）侵袭 (1) She _ (患有) cancer.【答案】was affected with (2) With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected 【答案】答案 C解析：句意：在政府的援助下，那些受到地震影响的人们已经搬到新的定居点。用affect的过去分词形式作主语those的后置定语，表示“受到地震影响的人们”。 (3) Much _ by the story of Cong Fei, I am also determined to be a volunteer worker. A. affected B. affecting C. admired D. effected【答案】答案 A解析：句意：被丛飞的故事所感动，我也决心做一名志愿者。be affected by“被所感动”；effect常用作名词，意为“影响；效果”，作动词时常以改进和变化之类的词作宾语，着重强调造成某种特殊效果。19. aid n. 援助（物资）；帮助 v. 帮助；援助 (1) A passer-by heard her screams and _ (去帮忙).【答案】went to her aid (2) They collected much money _ the poor girl. A. in aid B. in aid of C. with the aid of D. gave aid to 【答案】答案 B解析：in aid后不能接宾语，可排除项；with the aid of“在某人的帮助下”，与句意不符；项应用非谓语动词形式。in aid of “用以帮助”，符合句意。句意：他们集资以帮助那些可怜的女孩。 (3) He was so kind a boy that he often _ his mother clean the table, even the furniture. A. helped B. assisted C. aided D. offered【答案】答案 A解析：只有help后的作宾补的不定式可以省去符号to。20. alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的 (1) I have no alternative but _ (accept) the offer.【答案】to accept (2) You have the _ of working hard and being successful or of not working hard and being unsuccessful. A. selection B. choice C. alternative D. option【答案】答案 C解析：alternative“抉择；取舍”，指在两者之间做出选择；selection“挑选；精选”；choice一般意义上的选择；option“选择权”。 (3) May I clean the room tomorrow? No, you have no _. You must do it now, for the guests will come at nay moment. A. chance B. alternative C. way D. help【答案】答案 B解析：考查固定短语have no alternative“别无选择”。21. anyhow ad. 无论如何；而且 (1) I might fail, but _ I insist on doing it. I dont mind. A. however B. anyhow C. yet D. meanwhile 【答案】答案 B解析：句意：我可能会失败，但不管怎样，我会坚持下去。我不在意。however“然而”；anyhow“不管怎样”；yet“然而”；meanwhile“同时”。 (2) Im certain Davids told you his business troubles. _, its no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank. A. However B. Anyway C. Therefore D. Though 【答案】答案 B解析：句意：我肯定David已经告诉你他生意上的麻烦。总之，他欠银行许多钱这不是秘密了。anyway“总之；而且”，符合句意。22. apologize vi. 道歉；谢罪 (1) I made no _ for what I said it was a fair comment.【答案】 apology (2) Have you made an apology _ him _ breaking his MP5? Yes. I did yesterday. A. for; to B. to; to C. for; to D. to; for 【答案】答案 D解析：考查固定短语：make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.。 (3) Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able【答案】答案 C解析：本题考查apologize的用法。Apologize“道歉”，常构成apologize (to sb.) for (ones) doing / having done sth.句式，意为“因（某人）做了某事而（向某人）道歉”，介词for后要跟动名词，其否定式要在动名词前加not。根据句意“维克托因为没能通知我该计划的变更而向我道歉”，可知答案为C。23. appeal n. 呼吁；恳求；吸引力；上诉 v. 呼吁；恳求；上诉；有吸引力 (1) The government is _ (向呼吁) everyone to save water.【答案】appealing to (2) Since they wont listen to the advice, we have to _ force. A. appeal to B. stick to C. keep to D. yield to 【答案】答案 A解析：appeal to“呼吁；上诉；求助”；stick to= keep to “坚持”；yield to“屈服于，向投降”。由句意“既然他们不听劝告，我们只好诉诸武力。”可知，应选用appeal to“求助于”。 (3) The programme “Supper Girl” on Human TV _ especially to young people. A. tends B. prefers C. appeals D. devotes 【答案】答案 C解析：考查短语appeal to sb.“投合某人所好”。24. apply v. 申请；使用；应用；涂抹 (1) She applied _ a job _ an English teacher.她应征英语教师的工作。【答案】for ; as (2) The good thing about children is that they _ very easily to new environments. A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply 【答案】答案 A解析：句意：关于孩子们，好的一点是他们很容易适应新环境。adapt to表示“使适应于”；appeal to表示“对有吸引力”；attach to表示“（使）相关”；apply to“适用于，运用”。根据句意，故选。 (3) Now a lot of new technologies can _ problems in industry. A. be applied to solve B. be applied to solving C. apply to solve D. apply to solving 【答案】答案 B解析：考查动词搭配。applyto表示“把应用到”，其中to为介词。25. appoint v. 任命；安排；确定 (1) He made an _ (appoint) with (和预约) the manager and arrived at the _ (约定的) time. Later he _ (被任命为) a more important post.【答案】appointment ; appointed ; was appointed to be (as) (2) Teaching year after year, he gradually _ much experience. A. calculated B. accumulated C. abandoned D. appointed 【答案】答案 B解析：句意：教了多年学之后，他逐渐积累了许多经验。accumulate“积累”，符合句意。calculate“计算”；abandon“抛弃”；appoint“任命；安排”，均不合题意。 (3) She was the first woman to be appointed _ the board. A. as B. in C. on D. to 【答案】答案 D解析：句意：她是被任命进入董事会的第一位女性。appoint sb. to 地点（位置），意为“任命某人到”。26. appreciate v. 欣赏；赏识；感激；欢迎(1) I dont appreciate _ (treat) like a second-class citizen.【答案】being treated(2) I would appreciate _ if you would let me know in advance whether you will be coming or not. A. that B. it C. you D. this【答案】答案 B解析：appreciate后接从句时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到后边。(3) If you have any comments for suggestions, please let us know; we always appreciate _ feedback from friends. A. having been received B. to receive C. receiving D. to have received【答案】答案 C解析：句意：如果你有任何评论和建议，请让我们知道；我们总是喜欢来自朋友的反馈。appreciate后接动词-ing形式。27. approach v. 靠近；对付 n. 方式；方法；道路(1) I appreciate the professors new approach to _ (teach) languages. 【答案】 teaching (2) At the meeting they discussed three different _ to the study of mathematics. A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways【答案】答案 A解析：本题的关键词是题干中的介词to，只有approach才能跟to搭配使用。句意：他们在会上讨论了三种不同的研究教学的方法。 (3) The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library. A. access B. passage C. way D. approach【答案】答案 A解析：句意：新设计的系统能够让学生便捷、容易地搜索到图书馆的电子资源。这里give access to是固定短语，表示“能得到，能进入”，所以选。28. approve v. 赞成，同意；批准，通过 ( 1) Her father will never approve _ her marriage _ Tom.她的父亲绝不会赞成她同汤姆结婚。【答案】of ; to (2) As a matter of fact, her mother doesnt _ of her going to study in the United States. A. admit B. agree C. prove D. approve【答案】答案 D解析：approve of sth. / doing sth.意为“赞成（做）某事”。admit of意为“容许；容有的余地”，与句意不符；agree不跟of搭配；prove“证明”，与句意不符。 (3) Youd better cut your hair short. Our school does not _ too long hair. A. approve of students wore B. approve students to wear C. approve of students to wear D. approve of students wearing【答案】答案 D解析：approve of ones doing.“允许某人做”，为固定搭配。29. argue v. 争论；争辩；劝说 (1) The workers, who argued _ (为而争论) their own rights, argued _ (同争论) the boss for a few days, but failed to argue him _ (说服某人做)giving them a rise in wages because the boss argued _ (反对) it and insisted that it was _ argument (无需争论) that their pay had already been OK.【答案】for ; with ; into ; against ; beyond (2) He argued _ smoking, and insisted that it was _ argument that smoking was harmful to health. A. for; beyond B. against; over C. for; over D. against; beyond【答案】答案 D解析：考查argue及argument的固定搭配。句意：他反对吸烟，而且坚持认为毋庸置疑吸烟是有害健康的。argue against“争辩（反对）”；beyond argument“不容辩论”。 (3) Mary often argues _ her friends _small things angrily, which sometimes makes them very unhappy. A. with; for B. with; about C. to; for D. to; about【答案】答案 B解析：考查固定短语argue with sb. about / over sth.“就某事和某人争论”。30. arise vi. 发生；产生；引起(1) Accidents often arise _ carelessness.【答案】from 2) He _ early the next morning, finding the brook _ one foot. A. raised; raised B. arose; had raised C. had arisen; risen D. rose; had risen【答案】答案D解析：表示“起床”时，用rise；河水的上涨用rise表示。 ( 3) Many difficulties have _ as a result of change over a new type of fuel. A. risen B. arisen C. raised D. lifted【答案】答案 B解析：arise可表示“困难，问题，麻烦等的产生、出现”。31. arrange v. 安排；筹备；整理；布置(1) I have _ (安排Tom开车去接) the experts at the airport. 【答案】 arranged for Tom to pick up (2) I hear that you will be on travel again. Yeah. My boss _ for me to discuss business details with someone from another company. A. asked B. arranged C. sent D. called【答案】答案 B解析：arrange for sb. to do sth.是固定用法，表示“安排某人做某事”，其他三项均无此用法。 (3) I have _ my secretary to meet the foreign guest a