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直 接 引 语 变 间 接 引 语 妈妈说:” 杰克是个好工人“.Mother said :”Jack is a good worker.”妈妈说杰克是个好工人。Mother said that Jack is a good worker直接引语:间接引语Direct speech:Indirect speech: 一、如何变人称: 口诀:一随主。二随宾,第三不变。 “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如: She said. My brother wants to go shopping with me. ” She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her. “ 二 随 宾 ” 是 指 直 接 引 语 变 间 接 引 语 时, 若 从 句 中 的 主 语 及 宾 语 是 第 二 人 称 或被 第 二 人 你 所 修 饰 。 从 句 中 的 人 称 要 跟引 号 外 的 主 句 的 宾 语 一 致 。 如 果 引 号 外的 主 句 没 有 宾 语 。 也 可 以 用 第 一 人 称 ,如 : HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如: Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy. 二 、 如 何 变 时 态 :直 接 引 语 在 改 为 间 接 引 语 时 、 时 态 需 要 做 相 应 的 调 整 。1)一 般 现 在 时 一 般 过 去 时 态 ;She said: “ I am a student. ” She said (that) she was a student.2)一 般 将 来 时 过 去 将 来 时She said, He will go to see his friend.”She said he would go to see his friend。Tom said, “ I am going to play basketball tomorrow.” Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow.3) 现在进行时过去进行时; She said ,“I am reading a book.”She said she was reading a book. 注 意 : 以 下 几 种 情 况 时 态 不 变 直 接 引 语 是 客 观 真 理 。 The teacher said The earth moves around the sun .” The teacher said me the earth moves around the sun earth. 直 接 引 语 中 有 具 体 的 过 去 某 年 、 某 月 、 某 日 作 状 语 , 变 为 间 接 引 语 时 , 时 态 不 变 。如: Jack said. I was born on April 2l, 1980. 直 接 引 语 是 过 去 进 行 时 , 时 态 不 变 。 Jack said. “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him. Jack said he was born on April 21, 1980. 直 接 引 语 如 果 是 一 般 现 在 时 。 表 示 一 种 反 复 出 现 或习 惯 性 的 动 作 , 变 间 接 引 语 , 时 态 不 变 。 如 :Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。” 如 果 直 接 引 语 中 的 情 态 动 词 没 有 过 去 时 的 形 式 不 再变( 例 : could,should,would,might)Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”和 已 经 是 过 去 时 的 形 式 时,例:oughtto,hadbetter,usedtoPetersaid.Youhadbettercomeheretoday.He said he gets up at six every morning.Peter said I had better go there that day. 三 、 如 何 变 状 语 :直 接 引 语 变 间 接 引 语 , 状 语 变 化 有 其 内 在 规 律 ,时 间 状 语 由 “ 现 在 ” 改 为 “ 原 来 ”( 例 : now变 为 then,yesterday变 为 thedaybeforetoday变 为 thatdayHesaid,”Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地 点 状 语 , 尤 其 表 示 方 向 性 的 ,here变 thereTheteachersaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”TheteachersaidIshouldgothereat7:00.指 示 代 词 修 饰 的 状 语 , 由 “ 此 ” 改 为 “ 彼 ”例 : this改 为 thatHesaid,Thisbooksismine.“Hesaidthatbookwashis. agobefore; this morningthat morningYesterdaythe day before; tomorrowthe next aynext weekthe following week/the next weekYesterday mor ingthe morning before谓语动词的变化:直接引语:Must ;Come ;bring间接引语:had to; go ;takeSh id, I will c me here this evening.”She said that she would go there that evening 四 、 如 何 变 句 型 : 直 接 引 语 如 果 是 陈 述 句 , 间 接 引 语 应 改 为 由 that引 导的 宾 语 从 句 。Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.“Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes. 直 接 引 语 如 果 是 反 意 疑 问 句 , 选 择 疑 问 句 或 一 般 疑 问 句 ,间 接 引 语 应 改 为 由 whether或 if引 导 的 宾 语 从 句 .Hesaid,Canyouswim,John?“HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim。“Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?”HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike. 直 接 引 语 如 果 是 特 殊 问 句 , 间 接 引 语 应 该 改 为 由 疑 问 代 词 或 疑问 副 词 引 导 的 宾 语 从 句 ( 宾 语 从 句 必 须 用 陈 述 句 语 序 ) 。Sheaskedme,Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.Sheaskedme,WhatwasJackdoingwhenIcomein?” SheaskedmewhatJackwasdoingwhenshecamein. 直 接 引 语 如 果 是 祈 使 句 , 间 接 引 语 应 改 为 “Tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)todosth.”句型。如:1.Dontmakeanynoise,theteachersaidtothestudents.Shetold(ordered)thestudentsnottomakeanynoise.2.“Openthedoor,please,saidshe.Sheaskedhimtoopenthedoor.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest+动 句 词 ( 或 从 句 ) ”如:Hesaid,Letsgotothemovies.Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies. Exercise1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met the day _.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five. 7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.he atetold had Found hisshe had takenrise goestold had beforehad beforehad there 8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ him the news. 15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interestd in _.ifaskedtold beforeshecouldwherehow hadi had thoselivediif stoptotold tonotasked tellif that
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