专题07 虚拟语气

1. 【2019 江苏卷】 What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or wea good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had【答案】 C 句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光, 否则 , 我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文, 可 知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句： 主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。2. 【2019天津卷】The workers were not better organized, otherwise theythe task in half the time.A. accomplished B. had accomplishedC. would accomplish D. would have accomplished【答案】D句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized 可知, 这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句： If+ 主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。3. 【2018江苏】 Its strange that he have taken the books without the owners permission.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might【答案】B句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that.中，其中由 that 引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原 形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that. 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气， 表达一种要求、命令或 者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情， 完全可以用一般的陈述语气。 试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.(陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。)It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. (虚拟语气， 说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。)4. 【2018 江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish Ia second chance to become more involved.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. have had【答案】A句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引 导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。5. 【2018北京】 They might have found a better hotel if they a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven【答案】D句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。ifa few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。6. 【2018天津】 If we the flight yesterday， we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caughtB. caughtC. have caughtD. would catch【答案】A句意:如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday 可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-edo故选A。7. 【2017北京卷】 If the new safety system to use， the accident would never have happened.A. had been putB. were putC. should be putD. would be put【答案】A句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话 这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过 去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式,此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。8. 【2017江苏卷】 not for the support of the teachers， the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It wereB. Were itC. It wasD. Was it【答案】B虚拟语气中,be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had 提前，即Were /Should/ Had I.,故选B。在虚拟语气中,be动词只能用were；虚拟条件句省去连词if时，从 句主谓部分倒装：Were/Had/Should+主语+谓语动词若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而 不能与 were, should, had 等缩略成 Werent, Shouldnt, Hadnt置于句首。9. 【2017天津卷】 Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise， I able to reach her yesterday.A. hadnt beenB. wouldnt have beenC. werentD. wouldnt be【答案】B句意： 你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，由yesterday可知本句对过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句用wouldnt have done， 故选 B。10. 【2016北京】 Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If youme， I could have helped.A. toldB. had toldC. were to tellD. would tell【答案】B根据句意，“你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到麻烦”表示与过去的虚拟，句型结构为if+主语+had done, 主语+would/could/might/should + have done,故选 B.11. 【2016 江苏】If itfor his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A. had not beenB. should not beC. were not to beD. should not have been【答案】 A 句意：要不是几天前的邀请, 我现在就不会在这儿了.本题考查错综时间的虚拟条件句；主句中 的now说明是与现在事实相反的结果；从句中the other day （几天前）说明从句是与过去事实相反的虚拟条 件句中, 从句中用过去完成时12. 【2016天津】 I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I .A. were injuredB. would be injuredC. had been injured D. would have been injured【答案】D句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。根据if条件句用的had done,可 知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。13【. 2016 浙江】 Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths since theirhighest in 2005.A. had not fallenB. would not fallC. did not fallD. would not have fallen【答案】 D 句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力, 与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高点下降。 使用虚拟语气,if条件句用的had done,而且省略if,将had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的 虚拟。故选 D。14.【 2015 北京】 If I it with my own eyes ,I wouldnt have believed it.A . didnt see B. werent seeing C. wouldnt see D. hadnt seen【答案】D句意：如果不是我亲眼看至I，我不会相信。根据后半句wouldnt have believed可以判断是对过去 的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had +done的形式。故选D。15. 【 2015 重庆】 Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A .didnt writeB. hadnt writtenC. wouldnt writeD. wouldnt have written【答案】D句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done,因此选D项。【名 师点睛】虚拟语气是一种动词形式, 表示说话人的一种愿望, 假设, 怀疑, 猜测建议等含义, 表示的含义不是 客观存在的事实， 此类的题目一般难度不大， 主要找对时间状语， 并且看分清时间状语与主句还是从句有关 系， 再来确定用对现在， 过去还是将来的虚拟。16. 【2015天津】 I wish I at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I wason a business trip in New York then.A. will beB. would beC. have beenD. had been【答案】D句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾语 从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had +过去分词。根据句意可知选D。17. 【2015 陕西】Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish Ias well as her.A. danceB. will danceC. had dancedD. danced【答案】C句意：Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用 虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，所以选Co18. 【 2015 江苏】 It might have saved me some trouble the schedule.A. did I knowB. have I knownC. do I knowD. had I known【答案】 D 句意：如果我早知道日程安排， 可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中 might have saved 可知主句 是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时 将 had 提前构成倒装结构。故选 D 项。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所 考查的动词的虚拟时间， 一般要保持一致， 但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出 调整。另外，当if条件句中含有助动词had, should或were时，可以省略if,而将had, should或were提到 句首， 从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。19. 【 2015 安徽】 It is lucky we booked a room， or we nowhere to stay now.A. hadB. had hadC. would haveD. would have had【答案】C句意：我们很幸运地订到了房间否则的话，我们现在就会无处可去了。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句, or 后面是主句，相当于 if we hadnt booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.,根据“now可知，是对 现在进行虚拟，因此用would+动词原形，故选Co20. If Mr. Dewey present， he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.A. were B. had been C. should be D. was【答案】B根据从句的结构would have offered可知本题考查的是与过去事实相反的情况，而且主、从句时间 一致, 不存在混合的情况与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 条件状语从句要使用“过去完成时 had done”, 主 句要使用“would/could/might/should +have done” ,故 B 选项正确.21. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if Iit?A. had doneB. have doneC. didD. am doing【答案】A题意：John打坏了窗户，为什么跟“我”谈话？好像是“我”打坏了窗户似的。题中broke表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if / though后面的从句用had done表示对“过去”的虚拟。故A项正确。22. no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been【答案】A对现在情况的虚拟，条件句中用一般过去时，主句用“ would/ should/ might/ could +动词原形。 虚拟条件句中有had, should, were时，可以将if去掉，然后把had, should, were提到主语前面。所以选A。 句意：如果没有现代的通信， 我们将会等上几周的时间才能得到来自世界的新闻。23. We would rather our daughter at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.A. would stayB. has stayedC. stayedD. stay【答案】C would rather后直接跟宾语从句中，从句不用that连接。如果表示现在或将来要做的事情，从句 的谓语动词用一般过去式。如： Id rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning. （将来） 我但愿你明天早 上能在机场见到他。如果谈论过去动作，从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。如：Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day.（过去）我宁可你那天没有把那消息告诉他。根据语境，这是与现在事实相反的愿望，故选C。24. the morning train， he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catchB. should be catchC. has he caughtD. Had he caught【答案】D句意：如果他赶上了早班火车，开会就不会迟到了。主句的zhi谓语动词是would not have been , 说明与过去事实相反，从句则可以用if he had caught the morning train,当if从句中有were、had或者should 时，在可以省略if,把were、had或者should放在句首构成倒装句形式。本句中含有had,所以不用if时，就 变成了 Had he caught the morning train。所以选 Do25. We back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.A. areB. wereC. will beD. would be【答案】D句意：如果你不丢失地图，我们就已经到旅馆了。根据条件状语从句中“if wedidn，t lose the map” 可知，主从句都是对现在情况的假设，所以选用Do26. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation， or they _ to our help.A. would have come B. could comeC. have comeD. had come【答案】A试题分析：这里when引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的名词months;根据谓语动词were可知事情 发生过去,or后是对过去的虚拟，所以应该用would have done,故选A。句意：在我们进行调查期间他们在 国外， 要不然的话他们就来帮忙。27. My mom suggests that weeat out for a change this weekend.A. shouldB. mightC. couldD. would【答案】A句意为：母亲提议这个周末出去吃饭换换口味。suggest（建议）接宾语从句时谓语动词用（should）do。28. It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella.Yeah, we would have got wet all over if weA. hadntB. haventC. didntD. dont【答案】 A 句意：今早下了倾盆大雨， 我很高兴我们带雨伞了。是啊， 如果我们不带， 我们就淋湿了。 题干I m glad we took an umbrella.表明带了伞是事实，那么假设没带伞，就是与过去事实相反的假设，所以 从句部分要用 had/hadn t done 的形式。选 A。29.If wea table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue.A. have bookedB. bookedC. bookD. had booked【答案】D根据语境可知，此处是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，从句中叙述的是与过去事实相反的情况，因 为我们没有早点订桌子，所以从句谓语动词用had done.因为事实上我们没有订桌子（we havent booked a table）,为现在完成时，所以变成虚拟语气的条件状语从句为过去完成时we had booked .主句为情态动词 加上真实情况的时态现在进行时-not be standing here.故正确答案为D项.3O.If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, heable to speak it much better now.A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been【答案】B句意：“如果他以前花更多的时间练习说英语 那么现在他就能说的更好了。”这是一个混合条 件句，是虚拟语气。前一句话是对过去的假设(had spent),后一句话是对现在的假设(now)。if条件句的虚拟 有三种情况：对过去的虚拟从句用had done,主句用could/would/might+have done；对现在的虚拟，从句用 did, 主 句 用 could/would/might+do ； 对 将 来 的 虚 拟 , 从 句 用 did/were to do/should+do, 主 句 用 could/would/might+do。在这里，如果后面没有now这个时间标志，就填D。故选B。31. Do you think George has passed the driving test?No. If so, he his car to our college yesterday.A. would driveB. droveC. would have drivenD. had driven【答案】C解析 句意为：一一你认为George已经通过驾照考试了吗？一一没有。如果通过的话，昨天他 就会开车来我们的大学了。本题表达的是对过去事实的假设 , 句子结构为： If.had done., .would(might, could， should) have done.。32. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye examat the age of six months old.A . wasB.beC. wereD.is【答案】B 考查虚拟语气。此处考查的是recommend后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，根据语法规则可知，从 句中谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略，故选B项。33.I should not have laughed if Iyou were serious.A. thoughtB. would thinkC. had thoughtD. have thought【答案】C句意：如果我知道你是严肃的话我就不笑了。本句意思是当时不知道所以笑了表示与过去事实 相反，用“had thought”表示对过去情况的虚拟。34.Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldnt be able to see herparents very often.A. livesB. would liveC. has livedD. were to live【答案】 D 考查虚拟语气。由 doesnt want to move to New York 可知 Grace 还没有去纽约， zhi 所以句子 应该是对将来的虚拟。对将来的虚拟if条件状dao语从句谓语动词的时 态有三种形式：were to do / should do / did (were),由此可知答案为D选项were to live。句意：格瑞斯不想移居到纽约，因为她认为如果住到 那儿的话， 她就不能够经常看到她得父母了。35.We lost our way in that small village， otherwise we more places of interest yesterday.A. visitedB. had visitedC. would visitD. would have visited【答案】D本题关键是从时间状语yesterday知道是对过去的虚拟，前半句是个过去的客观事实“我们在那 个小山村迷路” ,otherwise否则后半句是用对过去的虚拟would have done,答案为D项。对虚拟语气的做法 主要是看时间状语或是看里面的关键词是对什么时间的虚拟， 这就很容易了。36.If my carmore reliable， I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A. wasB. had beenC. should beD. would be【答案】 B 考查虚拟语气。根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气， 从句谓语动词 用 had done， 选 B。37. Had they known what was coming next， theysecond thoughts.A. may haveB. could haveC. must have hadD. might have had【答案】D试题分析：句意：如果他们知道接下来是什么他们可能会重新考虑的。Had they known what was coming next=If they had known what was coming next， 表示如果过去他们知道将会发生什么事， 后半句应用 could/should /might/would+have+p.p.的形式，表示对过去事实的假设。故选D。38. We would have called a taxi yesterday if Haroldus a ride home.A. didnt offer B. wouldnt offer C. hasnt offered D. hadnt offered【答案】D考查虚拟语气的条件句。would have done表明是对过去的虚拟，所以条件句需要用had done。 句意：昨天如果哈罗德不主动开车送我们回家的话， 我们就要打的了。39.If we adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.A. havent made B. wouldnt make C. didnt make D. hadnt made【答案】 D 考查虚拟语气的用法。在虚拟条件句中， 表示与过去事实相反的情况， 从句用过去完成时， 主句 用 would have done 的形式。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备， 会议就不会这样成功。40. Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he something instead of just talking.A. will do B. has done C. do D. did【答案】D句意：Jack总爱夸夸其谈，他该做点事了，而不是仅仅空谈。这里是“ts (high/about) time that.” 句型，从句谓语应用过去式或“should+动词原形”41. Dont handle the vase as if it made of steel.A. isB. wereC. has beenD. had been【答案】B试题分析：句意：别把这花bai瓶拿得跟它好像是用钢做的似的。as if “仿佛，好像”其后内容 若与事实不符则用虚拟语气，花瓶不是用钢做的，因此选择B。若其后发生的可能性较大则用陈述语气。42. Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.1 wish they always late.A. werentB. hadnt beenC. wouldnt beD. wouldnt have been【答案】A【解析】句意为“一一孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。一一我但愿他们不要老是迟 到。”wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always,从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。43.Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studiedB. would studyC. had studiedD. was studying【答案】C【解析】句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过 去的时间,if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选Co44.Ithrough that bitter period without your generous help.A. couldnt have goneB.didnt goC. wouldnt goD. hadnt gone【答案】A【解析】句意为“没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的o that bitter period表示 过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might + have done 表达，故选A。45.We Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A. will putB. will have putC. would putD. would have put【答案】D【解析】句意为“要不是因为他最近受伤，我们本应该把John的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中。”but for是虚拟语气的提示,yesterday表示过去的时间。对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done 表达， 故选 B。46.If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followedB. should followC. had followedD. would follow【答案】C根据“wouldnt have lost，可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故选C项。47. John went to the hospital alone. If heme about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tellB. tellsC. toldD. had told【答案】 D 句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话， 我会跟他一起去的。前一句是陈述语气， 说明动 发生在过去，而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从 句结构， 应该用 had +过去分词。48. George is going to talk about the geographyof his country, but Id rather hemore on its culture.A. focusB. focusedC. would focusD. had focused【答案】Bwould rather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在时间相反，用动词的过去式49.If we _ the other road， we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A. takeB. had takenC. tookD. have taken【答案】B所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语，根据主句的谓语动词形式might have ar rived可知题 干是与过去事实相反，故所填部分用had+过去分词形式，选B。50. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy.A. would have been savedB. had been saved C. will be savedD. was saved【答案】A根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了 if的虚拟语气，原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选择A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。51. This printer is of good quality. If it break down within the first year， we would repair it at our expense.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might【答案】 B 句意为：这个打印机的质量很好， 如果在一年内出现故障， 我们将免费维修。B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won52. But for the help of my English teacher, Ithe first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. would not win【答案】B此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反 句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构53. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if ityesterday.A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened【答案】D as if仿佛，好像，其后的从句可出现虚拟语气。句意为：Eliza清楚地记得每一件事，仿佛它是 昨天发生的！句中remembers为一般现在时，故as if从句中用一般过去时来表示虚拟语气。54. fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you beB. Should you beC. Could you be D. Might yoube【答案】B should you be = if you should be句意：如果你被解雇，你的卫生保健和其它利益将立即被取消。