资源描述
1.不定冠词a/an的基本用法(1)表示“某一个”,相当于some用于专有名词前,译为“一个”。 Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons, please?请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走?Sorry, we dont have a Johnson here in the village.对不起,这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。 Each of the students wanted to be a live Lei Feng.每位学生都想成为活雷锋。冠词的基本用法 (2)序数词前一般加定冠词the 表示顺序,但序数词前也可加不定冠词a(n),表示“另一个;又一个”。 Although he has failed twice, he would like to try a third time.尽管他已经失败了两次,但他还想再试一次。(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge,collection,understanding 等,它们后面加of.时,前面需用不定冠词a/an。 Tom owns a larger collection of books than any other student in our class.在我们班中,汤姆收集的书比任何其他学生都要多。 (4)不定冠词可用在形容词的比较级、最高级与序数词之前。“不定冠词形容词的比较级单数名词”表示“更的一个”;“不定冠词形容词的最高级”表示“非常”。 He went to the USA in search of a better life.为了寻找更美好的生活他去了美国。 She was a most generous woman, overflowing with the milk of human kindness.她是一位非常厚道的女人,充满恻隐之心。 2.定冠词的基本用法(1)与某些可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或事物。 The camel is a very useful animal in desert.骆驼是沙漠中一种很有用的动物。(2)用在上文已出现过或说话双方都熟悉的事物前,表示特指意义。 Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?你昨天玩得开心吗?Yes, as you know, the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.是的,正如你所知,晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。 (3)by表示具体单位的名词前要用定冠词。 Surprisingly, in that bookstore, books are sold by the dozen.真想不到,在那个书店里书按打卖。 Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.在大城市里,清洁工一般按小时计算薪水。(4)用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。 It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.在二十世纪九十年代,五十多岁的人上大学进修并不罕见。 3.零 冠 词 的 用 法( 1) 系 动 词 turn(变 成 )后 的 单 数 名 词 作 表 语 , 用 零 冠 词 。 After graduation from college he turned teacher (became a teacher).大 学 毕 业 后 , 他 成 了 一 名 教 师 。( 2) 零 冠 词 +单 数 名 词 +as/though+主 语 +谓 语 , 主 句 意 为 “虽 然 /尽管 , 但 是 ”。 Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.(=Although he is a child, he knows a lot.)虽 然 他 是 个 孩 子 , 但 却 懂 得 很 多 。 ( 3) 在 独 立 主 格 结 构 中 的 某 一 形 式 中 。 The teacher came in, book in hand ( with a book in his hand/holding a book in his hand/a book (held) in his hand).老 师 进 来 了 , 手 里 拿 着 一 本 书 。( 4) man 意 为 “人 类 ”, word 意 为 “消 息 ”时 , 其 前 不 用 冠 词 。 Air is to man what water is to fish.人 离 不 开 空 气 就 像 鱼 离 不 开 水 。 Word came that Obamas speechs title is“Change and Challenge”.消 息 传 来 说 , 奥 巴 马 演 讲 的 标 题 是 “变 化 与 挑 战 ”。( 5) no 与 such连 用 时 应 放 在 such 之 前 , such后 的 名 词 不 用 冠 词 。 No such thing has ever happened in this village.村 子 里 从 未 发 生 过 这 种 事 。 4.冠 词 的 后 置 现 象 : 冠 词 一 般 位 于 形 容 词 前 , 若 形 容 词 被so,that,as,too,how等修饰时,冠词应置于形容词后。 He is a smart boy. He is so smart a boy.他是一个聪明的男孩。 代词it作形式主语或形式宾语1.it 作先行代词代替不定式、v.-ing 形式、名词性从句,作形式主语或形式宾语。 It was funny watching myself on TV. (it 作形式主语, watching myself on TV是真正的主语)在电视上观看自己非常滑稽可笑。 He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没有说清楚何时何地举行会议。 I think it best that you should do more exercise.我认为你多做些运动会很好。 2.表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it,再接从句,构成固定结构,这类动词有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate等。 Id appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.如果你教我如何使用电脑我将感激不尽。 I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我讨厌人说话时满嘴食物。 3.某些动词+介词构成的短语,如:count on, depend on, rely on, insist on, see to等后面不能直接接that从句,要用it作形式宾语。 I am counting on it that you will come.我在指望着你来。 I insist upon it that you tell me what you mean.我坚持要你告诉我你是什么意思。 You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以相信我会帮助你。 You must see to it that children get up in time.你必须保证孩子们要及时起来。 another, the other, other, others的用法比较1.another 指“任何一个”、“再一”、“另一”,作代词或形容词,用于三者或三者以上不定数目时。 I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face another day like that.昨天一整天我感觉很糟糕,所以今天早晨我决定不能像昨天那样面对今天了。 Please give me another ten minutes.请再给我十分钟。2.the other 可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的“另一个”;也可修饰名词表示“另外的”。 There are two pens on the table. One is blue, and the other is red.桌上有两支钢笔,一支是蓝的,另一支是红的。 3.other 不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义。 There are other ways to do this experiment.做这个实验还可以用别的方法。4.others 只能单独使用,表示泛指意义,相当于“other+复数名词”,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some 一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others。 Some people like to stay at home on Sunday, but others like to go to the cinema.星期天,一些人喜欢待在家里,另一些人则喜欢去看电影。5.“another+数词+名词”=“数词+other+名词” We need another two chairs.= We need two other chairs.我们还需要两把椅子。 .单句填空 1. For quite a few students, their teachers advice is more important than _ of their parents.【解析】句意:对于不少学生而言,他们的老师的建议比父母的更重要。代替上文不可数名词时,应用that。【答案】that 2.The role change from husband to father, although difficult, doesnt seem so great as from wife to mother.【解析】句意:从丈夫到父亲角色的变化,尽管困难,似乎并不及从妻子到母亲那么大。that是用来指代同一类的单数可数名词,以避免重复,这里that 是代替上文的role change。【答案】 that 3.Have you got used to the Chinese food, Robert?Yes. But I dont like when a Chinese host keeps serving me the food I dont like.【解析】句意:你习惯了中国食物吗,罗伯特?是的。但当中国主人一直为我添加我不喜欢的食物时我就不喜欢了。用作形式主语时,只可以用it。【答案】 it 4.Hurry up! Theres a bus coming!Why run? There will be one in two or three minutes.【解析】 句意:快点!有一辆公共汽车来了!跑什么呀? 另一辆车两三分钟就来了。another 是泛指另一个; other 不可单独使用,要么后跟名词,要么前加定冠词。【答案】 another 5. Unemployment is on the increase. A growing number of young people, in particular, are finding out of work.【解析】句意:失业率在增加,特别是越来越多的年轻人发现自己失业了。动作反及自己,用反身代词。【答案】 themselves 6. Some people would rather ride bikes as bike riding has _ of the trouble of taking buses.【解析】句意:有些人宁愿骑自行车,因为骑自行车没有乘公交车的麻烦。neither指两者之间的一个都不;none指三者以上的一个都不。句中没有特指乘公交车有两个麻烦,而是泛指乘公交车的不少麻烦,因此用none。【答案】 none7. Jenny is always punctual for appointments. Why is she late today? She might have got trapped in traffic jam in the rush hour.【解析】句意:珍妮总是准时赴约。她今天为什么迟到?她也许因上班高峰期交通堵塞被困住了。不定冠词a 意义相当于one, 即:一次/一个等。这里表示泛指,意为“一次交通堵塞”。 【答案】 a 8. Cigarettes and alcohol do such great harm to health that they can easily cause weakening of our bodies. 【解析】句意:香烟和酒精对身体健康极有害,它们很容易导致身体衰弱。名词被定语修饰后,就是特指,weakening后有定语of our bodies ,因此其前要加定冠词表示特指。【答案】8.the9. Nicknames are interesting. If a man were unusually strong, he might adopt name such as Armstrong.【解析】句意:昵称很有趣,如果一个人异常强壮,他可能采用名字如阿姆斯特朗。不定冠词a意义相当于one 即:一次/一个等。这里表示泛指,即:某一个名字。【答案】 9.a 10. Men and women should be treated equally according to the law, but in reality there is _ great room for improvement.【解析】句意:男人和女人应该依法平等,但实际上还有巨大的改进空间。句中room是抽象名词,意为“空间”,其前不可被冠词修饰。a room 其意为“一个房间”。【答案】 10./11. You can ask anyone for help. _ here is willing to lend you a hand. 【解析】句意:你可以向任何一个人求助,这里的每个人都乐意帮助你。根据句意可知,应填入everyone或anyone,强调所有人或任何人都愿意帮助你。 【答案】 11.Everyone/Anyone12.I have no bicycle to lend to you, but my brother has . He bought _ only a few days ago. 【解析】句意:我没有自行车借给你,但我哥哥有一辆,就在几天前买的。one泛指同种物,指代可数名词中的一个;it 则是特指同一物,此处指我哥哥买的那辆自行车。【答案】 12.one; it 13. In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in , knives and forks. 【解析】 句意:在一些国家里,人们使用筷子吃饭,而在另外一些国家,人们使用刀叉。本句中没有任何的范围限制,所以使用others指代其他国家。通常some (+n.) others一起连用。 【答案】 13.others14.It takes teamwork to fulfill this task. You are part of the team. Working with is a must. 【解析】句意:要完成这项工作需要团队协作。你是这支队伍里的一员。与他人合作是必须的。others指代除了“you”之外的其他人。【答案】 14.others 15.Try to be independent, for your parents cant do for you all your life. 【解析】句意:努力独立,因为你的父母亲不可能为你做所有的事情。本句中的everything与not连用,表示部分否定。【答案】15.everything16. When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon? . Ill be in all day.【解析】句意:我什么时候打电话过来?早晨还是下午?都可以,我一直都在。根据句意可知是在早晨和下午这两种情况中做出选择。在两种情况中选任一,应用either。【答案】 16.Either 17. Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. 【解析】句意:Susan向我说清楚了她希望有自己的新生活。本句中的it是一个形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的宾语从句that she wished to make a new life for herself。【答案】17.it 18.They produced four reports, of which contained any useful suggestions. 【解析】句意:他们做了四个报告,没有一个有有用的建议。none用于三者或三者以上都不。 【答案】 18.None 19. Id appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.【解析】句意:如果你能提前让我知道你是否回来我将感激不尽。本句 是it的特殊用法。本句句式:I would appreciate it if/when如果我将感激不尽。【答案】 19.it 20. Shed lived in London and Manchester, but she liked _ and moved to Cambridge.【解析】句意:她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特都生活过,但她不喜欢这两个地方,于是她搬去了剑桥。neither表示两者之间的全部否定。【答案】20.neither21. An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making the driest year since California became a state in 1850. 【解析】句意:去年平均降雨18.75厘米,这让去年成为自1850年加利福尼亚成为一个州以来最干燥的一年。本句中的it指代last year。【答案】 21.it 22.Many women today hold that it is their husbands responsibility to earn money and (they) to spend it.【解析】句意:今天的许多妇女认为丈夫的责任是赚钱,而她们的职责是消费。这里需要一个名词性的物主代词代替their responsibility。 【答案】22.theirs23. They chose Tom to be captain of the team because they knew he was smart leader.【解析】句意:他们选择Tom作为队长,因为他是一个聪明的领袖。本题第一空后面的名词captain(队长)后面有介词短语of the team修饰,所以使用定冠词the表示特指。第二空后的可数名词leader前面有形容词smart修饰,用a修饰表示泛指。【答案】 23.the; a 24. village where I was born has grown into town.【解析】句意:我出生的那个小山村已经成为了一个小镇。名词village的后面有定语从句where I was born修饰,说明该词表示特指,使用定冠词the表示特指。第二空后的名词town是一个可数名词,用a修饰表示泛指。【答案】24.The; a25. Life is like ocean; only strong-willed can reach the other shore.【解析】句意:生活就像是一个海洋,只有意志坚定的人才可以到达彼岸。本题第一空使用不定冠词an修饰ocean,泛指一个海洋。第二空后的strong-willed是一个形容词,在形容词前面加上定冠词the表示“一类人”或者“一类事物”。the strong-willed指“意志坚定的人”。【答案】 25.an; the26. The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days week, often long into night.【解析】句意:这份论文应该下个月上交,我一个星期要工作七天,而且总是 要熬到深夜。本句第一空中的a相当于per,per week每一个星期。第二空使用定冠词the,表示特指,long into the night意为“直到深夜”。【答案】 26.a; the 27. I cant tell you way to the Wilsons because we dont have Wilson here in the village. 【解析】句意:我无法告诉你去Wilson家的路,因为在这个村子里没有一个名叫Wilson的人。本题第一空后名词way有介词短语to the Wilsons修饰,说明特指Wilson家的路,所以使用定冠词the表示特指。而第二空后的名词Wilson是一个人名,通常都是单独使用,但是本题中使用a修饰,泛指一个名叫Wilson的人。 【答案】27.the; a 28.Its good feeling for people to admire the Spring Festival Gala that gives them pleasure. 【解析】句意:人们喜欢春晚带给他们的快乐, 这是一种不错的感觉。good feeling并非特指, 故用a;pleasure是抽象名词, 无需冠词修饰。【答案】 28.a;不填 29.We have every reason to believe that sports meeting this year will be _ success. 【解析】句意:我们有理由相信今年的运动会将是一次成功的盛会。第一空表特指,第二空表泛指,success在指某一事物或人时, 为可数名词。【答案】 29.the;a30.I earn 10 dollars hour as supermarket cashier on Saturdays. 【解析】句意:每周六我作为超市出纳员每小时挣10美元。a/an的用法规则:以元音音素开头的单词前用an, 以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。 hour以元音开头, 前面加不定冠词an, an hour每小时;a表示 “一个”, 放在supermarket cashier前面表示类指, 说明属哪类人。【答案】30.an;a .单句改错1.Wudangshan is the most beautiful tourist site and I want to visit it a second time next month.【解析】句意:武当山是一个非常美丽的旅游景点,我想下个月再去一次。形容词最高级后通常有比较的范围,本句题干中没有比较的范围,因此这里不是比较级,而是表示“非常,很”,即:在形容词最高级前用不定冠词,意为“非常,很”。【答案】 1. thea2.As the mountains beyond our village are becoming greener and greener, they have become the home to a large amount of wild life.【解析】句意:我们村外的山变得更加葱绿,它们已经成为很多野生动物的家园。home to相当于the home of。【答案】 2.the home to或toof 3.Now things are much more expensive. There has been big rise in the cost of living in the past five years.【解析】句意:现在的物价昂贵得多。在过去的五年里生活成本有一个较大的上升。句中rise是可数名词,可数名词单数不可以单独使用,其前应加冠词,这里不是表特指,因此加不定冠词,表泛指。【答案】3. abig rise4.Its really a fun to walk alone with a full moon hanging in the sky.【解析】句意:在满月挂下独行真的很有趣。fun 是不可数名词,其前不可加冠词。而名词moon 本是专有名词,其前一般应加定冠词,但因有形容词修饰,表示某一种/某一类的东西,因此应用不定冠词,故a full moon无错。【答案】4.a fun to 5.People are living in a world where mouse clicks rule our life, so online searches have become the must.【解析】句意:人们生活在一个“鼠标点击统治我们的生活”的世界里,所以在线搜索已经成为必须。must本是情态动词,这里用作名词,意为“something which is necessary or very important to have or experience”, 即:“必需品,必须做的事”。must 在句中是词类的转换,是可数名词,因此,其前必须加不定冠词。【答案】5.thea6.In order to find a better job, he decided to study the second foreign language.【解析】句意:为了找到一份更好的工作,他决定学习一门第二外语。序数词前用a表示“又一,再一”,相当于“another”。【答案】6.thea 7.One of the consequences of our planets being warming up is increase in the number of natural disasters.【解析】句意:地球的持续变暖的后果之一是自然灾害数量的增加。句中increase意为 “a rise in amount, number, etc.”,是可数名词,因此加不定冠词,表泛指。【答案】7.is an increase8.In no case can we go against the law of the nature or well meet endless suffering.【解析】句意:在任何情况下我们都不可以违背自然法则,否则我们将会遭受无穷无尽的痛苦。nature是不可数名词,其前不可加冠词。【答案】8.the nature 9.When I left the island last night, a word came that a strong wind would hit it soon.【解析】句意:昨晚当我离岛时,消息传来,一股强大的台风将会袭击该岛。word 这里意为“消息”,意同“news”,是不可数名词,其前不可加冠词。【答案】9.a word10.We are sparing no effort to create a more peaceful and more advanced world, the place where everyone enjoys his life and freedom.【解析】句意:我们正在努力创建一个更和平、更先进的世界,一个每个人都能享受他的生命和自由的地方。这里的place是泛指某处地方,因此,用不定冠词。【答案】10.thea 11.A well-written composition calls for good choice of words and clear organization among other things.【解析】句意:一篇好作文除开其他要素之外还要求有合适的选词和清晰的结构。choice本是抽象名词,其前加了形容词时,就是抽象名词具体化,因此,应加不定冠词a。 【答案】11.在good 前加a12.Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog. I happened to witness it this morning.【解析】句意:通常大雾时可能会有很多事故发生,今天早上我就碰巧见证了一次事故。泛指上文中的可数名词单数时,用one; it是特指上文提到的某单数可数名词。【答案】 12.itone 13.An advertisement provides information and uses persuasive language and exciting images to encourage people to buy the product.【解析】句意:广告提供信息并使用有说服力的语言和振奋人心的图像来刺激人们购买产品。这里的product是泛指某产品,故用不定冠词。【答案】13.thea14.Is your neighbor Mr.King a man with good manners?I dont think so. In fact, he is something but polite. And nobody likes to talk to him.【解析】句意:你的邻居金先生是一个有礼貌的人吗?我不这么认为。事实上,他一点也不礼貌。没有人喜欢跟他说话。anything but是一个固定表达,意为“根本不,决不”。【答案】14.somethinganything 15.The Korean people were disappointed again to see their space rocket fail to enter the space, hurting them deeply.【解析】句意:韩国人再次失望地看到他们的航天火箭未能进入太空,这深深伤害了他们。space是不可数名词,其前不可加冠词。【答案】15.the space16.Some of these families are so poor that Christmas presents are out of question.【解析】句意:其中一些家庭太穷了以至于圣诞礼物都不可能有。out of the question意为“不可能”,out of question意为“毫无疑问”,根据句意,此处应该用out of the question。【答案】16.of thequestion 17.Copies of the leaflet can be obtained free of the charge from your local library.【解析】句意:资料的副本可以在当地图书馆免费获得。free of charge为固定搭配,意为“免费”。【答案】17.free of the charge18.There are over 58,000 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which could fall down onto earth. 【解析】意为“地球”时,属于独一无二的事物,其前必须用定冠词。in space 是固定短语,意为“在太空中”,space前不用冠词。【答案】18.onto earth the 19.Goerge couldnt remember when he first met Mr.Anderson, but he was sure it was a Sunday because everybody was at the church. 【解析】意为“在教堂做礼拜”,属于具体名词抽象化。Sunday 在这里已变成一个普通的名词,指某一个星期天,所以要加a。【答案】19.at the churchat church20.A person who has a final say in an international company is usually an influential one. 【解析】say此处意为“发言权”,后有介词短语修饰,表特指,所以要用定冠词。【答案】20.a final saythe final say 21.First impressions are the most lasting. After all,you never get a second chance to make the first impression. 【解析】 a first impression此处意为“一次第一印象”,表示泛指,用不定冠词a。【答案】21.the first impressiona first impression22.Which would you like to drink, coffee or orange juice? Either. Please give me a cup of tea【解析】根据回答,知道前面问的咖啡和橙汁都不要,所以应该用neither,表示两者中的任何一个都不。【答案】22.EitherNeither 23.Although the motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive the American one.【解析】句意:尽管汽车诞生已近一个世纪了,但我还从来没有开过一辆美产车。用不定冠词表示泛指。【答案】23.American前的thean24.As a matter of fact, Saudi Arabias oil reserves are second only to that of Kuweit.【解析】在句中为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替。oil reserves是复数形式,所以后面应用those指代。【答案】24.thatthose 25.Going out is the good means of relaxation. Would you like to go to the park with me in the afternoon?【解析】句意:外出是一种很好的放松方式。你愿意下午和我一起去公园吗? a good means of relaxation表示“一种好的放松方式”,是泛指,故用“a”。park可表示说话双方都知道的“那个公园”,表特指,用“the”没错。【答案】25.good前的thea26.It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is quite other to perform skillfully yourself.【解析】 It is one thingit is quite another为固定搭配,意为“是一回事,是另一回事”。【答案】26.otheranother 27.We shouldnt take this for granted that we still have a lot of time before the Entrance Examination.【解析】此处it是形式宾语,that引导的是真正的宾语从句。take it for granted that 意为“把视为理所当然”。【答案】27.thisit28.How much water is left in the bottle?Nothing.【解析】意为“没有范围的什么都没有”,none意为“特指一定范围内的没有(物品/人)”。此句问瓶子里还有多少水?应该回答没有水了,而不是什么都没有了。【答案】28.NothingNonenothing 29.His death was anything but an accident. He was not killed by design.【解析】 anything but意为“绝不是”,nothing but意为“只是”,根据句意此处应为nothing but。【答案】29.anythingnothing30.Cook was a strict but good captain, he who took good care of his sailors.【解析】 one在此句中为同位语a strict but good captain的同位语。【答案】30.heone
展开阅读全文