初中定语从句讲解

The Attributive Clause定语从句 定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以介词短语、分词为例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was drunk（喝醉的）. 定语从句在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was drunk. 关系代词如何引导定语从句q普通代词与关系代词的区别I have a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替 sisterq普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.q关系代词： （如上例who/that） 1.代替先行词; 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分; 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来） The building is our school. The building stands by the river.v 关 系 代 词 的 使 用 取 决 于 先 行 词 ， 它 们 的 关 系 非 常 密切 ， 因 为 关 系 代 词 在 定 语 从 句 中 代 替 主 句 中 的 先 行 词 ，所 以 它 在 一 般 情 况 下 都 跟 在 先 行 词 之 后 ， 而 且 它 的 人 称 、 数 必 须 和 先 行 词 一 致 。The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先 行 词 关 系 词 定 语 从 句vwhich/that 是 关 系 代 词 ， 它 在 从 句 中 代 替 先行 词 the building, 同 时 担 任 从 句 中 的 主 语 ，也 起 连 词 的 作 用 ， 把 两 个 简 单 句 连 接 起 来 。 关系词判 断 步 骤 :v 首先，要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系代词 可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系 代词可用which或that;v 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词 主格 宾格 所有格 人who,that who(m),that whose 物which,that which,that whose,of which 关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表which物主、宾、表、定（偶）who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语 最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致. 注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。 The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实 用一般现在时) (从句)The woman (who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中yesterday表示过去时间) the tallthe strong the clever boyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is Tom The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom. The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind. (宾语) The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk. 关 系 代 词 1.who指 人 ,作 主 语 或 宾 语 (作 宾 语 可 省 略 ）The man( who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom指 人 ,作 宾 语 (作 宾 语 可 省 略 ,如 介 词 提 前 则 不 能 省 ) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li. 关 系 代 词 3.whose 是 代 词 的 所 有 格 形 式 , 它 既 可 以代 人 也 可 以 代 物 。 Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen .I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big. Can you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Can you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now? 4.which 指 物 ， 作 主 语 或 宾 语 (作 宾 语 可 省 略 ,如 介 词 提 前 则 不 能 省 ) These are the trees which were planted last year.The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books? 1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .2)The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big.注意: 固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at 关系代词与介词: 介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物, 用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略)The room where I live is very big. 定语从句中需注意事项 有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 2.先行词是 something, nothing, anything等不定代词时 Here is something( that) I will tell you. 3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see. 4.先行词是one of,the one, 或用 little, much, few, no, all, some, any, the only, the very, the same, the last 作修饰时 Is it the one that you want ? I havent got much that I can offer you. 5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，用that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? 注: who、that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用 who,不用that 1).先行词是anyone, someone, those时，关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. Is there anyone who wants to go there? 2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him. 关系副词 关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词,在句中作状语。 where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。1.The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed at the hotel.The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel (which) we stayed at wasnt clean. 2.Ill never forget the day. I joined the Party on that day. Ill never forget the day when I joined the Party. Ill never forget the day on which I joined the Party . 单项选择。 1. This is the job _they laughed at. A.which B.as C.it D.who 2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago. A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3. Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen4. The man _is painting the house is my uncle. A.he B.whom C.whose D.who5. What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket? A.who B.whose C.its D.whichA CBD B 6. This book is for the students _mother language isnt English. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!” A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful. A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now. A.whose B.who C.his D./10.The man _ is smoking is a bus driver. A. whom B.who C. which D. whatCC AA B 1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. that B. who C. whom D. this2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whom B. which C. who D. /3. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary. A. that B. whose C. which D. as定语从句练习 4. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. which C. who D. whom5. Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the oneB. that C. which D. /6. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. which B. that C. / D. it定语从句练习 7. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. which B. in which C. that D. all8. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who9. Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday. A. which B. whom C. whose D. this定语从句练习 10. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year. A. who B. whom C. which D. /11. This is the only article of these that _ written by him. A. was B. were C. is D. are12. The man _ was here just now is a doctor. A. whom B. who C. / D. he定语从句练习 13. The boy _ has two lovely dogs. A. who live next door B. which lives next door C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door14. Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands. A. which B. whom C. that D. who15. The farm _ we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday. A. when B. where C. that D. at that定语从句练习 16. He is the most careful boy _ I know. A. what B. which C. as D. ./ 17. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught. A. in that B. when C. where D. there18. Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born? A. where B. in that C. that D. which定语从句练习 19. The factory _ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week. A. when B. where C. that D. which20. Do you still remember the day _ we first met? A. that B. when C. what D. on that定语从句练习 21. October 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget. A. when B. that C. where D. in which22. October 1,1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. A. which B. when C. where D. in which23. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing? A. which B. where C. in which D. what定语从句练习 24. Is this museum _ they visited last month? A. that B. which C. where D. the one25. I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. what B. which C. that D. where定语从句练习 26. Have you seen the girl _? A. that I told B. I told you of C. whom I told D. I told of27. The days are gone _ we use “foreign matches”. A. during when B. during that C. on which D. during which 28. Finally the thief handed in everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. that C. what D. whatever定语从句练习 29. The lecture spoke of some writers and novels _ were known to us all. A. which B. that C. who D. what30. I can still remember the sitting room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. whatB. which C. that D. where 31. It was raining hard, _ kept us indoors. A. which B. that C. as D. what定语从句练习 Homework:1.Revise the attributive clause.2.Write 10 sentences with the attributive clause.