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绵阳专版 PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（十四）宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句 【中考考点】(1)宾语从句的时态、语序及引导词。(2)宾语从句的简化形式。(3)状语从句中连词的选择和时态。(4)关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。(5)关系代词的特殊用法。 1.在that 引导的宾语从句中, 若是陈述句作宾语, that可以省略。The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.收音机报道说明天要下雨。2.连接代词which, what, who等或连接副词how, where, why, when等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时, 从句改用陈述语序。Could you tell me to you? 你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗? 宾语从句考点一引导词 what he said 3.whether 或 if 引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语从句时,从句改用陈述语序。I wonder you have told the news to Li Lei. 我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。【注意】 下列几种情况通常只用whether不用if:(1)具有选择意义且又有or或or not,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether;(2)介词之后用whether;(3)不定式前用whether。if/whether 考点二时态1.当主句为现在时态时, 宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。I remember he me a book yesterday. 我记得他昨天给了我一本书。He has told me that he for New York tomorrow. 他已经告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。2.当主句为过去时态时, 从句要用相应的过去时态。We asked what Jean was doing then.我们问琼那时正在做什么。3.当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时, 宾语从句要使用一般现在时。Lisa asked whether light faster than sound. 莉萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。 gave will leavetravels/goes 考点三语序1.陈述句改为宾语从句时, 语序不变。He is a good child. the teacher said.The teacher said (that) he was a good child.老师说他是个好孩子。2.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时, 语序改为陈述语序。Does he work hard?I wonder.I wonder if/whether .我想知道他工作是否努力。 When did he leave?I dont know.I dont know when he left.我不知道他是什么时候离开的。 he works hard 【注意】 宾语从句的简化当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。I dont know what I should say.I dont know what. 我不知道要说什么。 to say 状语从句1.时间状语从句引导词有when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, notuntil, as soon as等。When he comes back, Ill give you a call.他回来时,我会给你打电话的。They didnt stop until they finished the work.他们直到完成工作才停下来。Ill ring you as soon as I reach Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。2.原因状语从句引导词有because, since, as等。I didnt go, because I was afraid.我没去,因为我害怕。 Since you are free today, youd better take a good rest. 既然你今天有空,你最好好好休息。考点一状语从句的分类 3.条件状语从句引导词有if, unless, as long as等。If it rains, Ill go by car. 如果下雨,我就乘小汽车去。You cannot succeed unless you work hard.如果你不努力学习,你是不会成功的。4.结果状语从句引导词有sothat, suchthat等。It was raining so hard that we couldnt see the road.雨下得如此大,以至于我们看不见路。5.让步状语从句引导词有though, even though/if, although, “no matter+疑问词”等。Even though/if you say so, I do not believe it.即使你这么说,我也不信。 6.目的状语从句引导词有so that, in order that等。I need to get up early so that I can catch the early bus. 我需要早起,以便我能赶上早班车。7.方式状语从句引导词有as if/though, as等。The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up.那个孩子跟我们谈起话来像个成年人似的。8.地点状语从句引导词有where, wherever等。Wherever he goes, he always brings his pet dog.无论他去哪里,他总是带着他的宠物狗。9.比较状语从句引导词有than, asas, not as/soas等。 Carol speaks English as well as you do.卡罗尔英语说得和你一样好。 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分为下列三种情况:1.主现从现: 若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词时,那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。The traffic must stop when the lights . 当红灯亮时,车辆必须停下来。2.主将从现: 主句用一般将来时,而从句用一般现在时表示将来。I will visit my good friend when I time. 当我有空时,我将去看望我的好友。If she here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. 如果明天她来这里,我将和她一起去公园。3.过去时态: 若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情,则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。My mother was cooking when I got home yesterday. 昨天我到家时,我妈妈正在做饭。考点二主句与从句时态一致的问题turn/are redhavecomes I dont know if(是否) he will come.If(如果) he comes, I will tell him about the accident. 我不知道他是否会来。如果他来的话,我将告诉他这起事故。I dont know when(什么时候) he will come tomorrow. When(当的时候) he comes, I will tell him about the news.我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时,我将告诉他这则消息。考点三宾语从句和状语从句同时出现 定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有who(whose, whom), which, that。考点一关系代词的基本用法作主语 作宾语 作定语指人 who/that who/whom/that whose指物 which/that which/that whose 考点二关系代词的特殊用法一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who, whom和which。1.下列情况只能用that(1)先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, every-thing, nothing 等时。All (that) you have to do is to practise every day.你要做的就是每天练习。There isnt much (that) I can do.我能做的不多。(2)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten. 我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。 This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 (3)先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时。I have read all the books (that) you gave me.我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。(4)先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时。The white flower is the only one (that) I really like.这朵白花是我唯一真正喜欢的。This is the very book I want to read. 这就是我想看的那本书。(5)当主句是以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the man that is standing over there?站在那边的那个人是谁?Which of us that know something about physics doesnt know this?在我们懂点物理的人当中有谁不知道这个?that (6)先行词既有人又有物时。We talked about the persons and the things we could remember. 我们谈论了我们所能记得的人和事。(7)time作先行词且前面有序数词或 last 修饰时, 定语从句用 that 来引导(that可省略);没有序数词或 last 修饰时, 既可用 when 也可用that来引导。This is the last time (that) I shall give you a lesson.这是我最后一次给你们上课了。The first time (that) I saw him was in 2016.我第一次见到他是在2016年。 that 2.下列情况只能用which(1) 关系代词作介词的宾语时, 用“介词+which”结构。This is the book foryou ask. 这是你要的那本书。(2)引导非限制性定语从句时,只能用which。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本我已经读了三遍的小说很感人。which 考点三关系副词的用法1.when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词。I still remember the day I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得第一次来北京的那一天。2.where 在句中作状语,表示地点。This is the factory I worked two years ago.这就是我两年前工作的那家工厂。 3.why在句中作状语,表示原因。I know the reason he came late. 我知道他来晚的原因。 whenwherewhy 考点过关训练.用恰当的连词填空1.Milk quickly goes bad its put in the fridge. 2.Do you know the girl in white is? Im not sure. Maybe she is a doctor.3.I think the man is painting over there might be our art teacher. 4.Does anyone know the famous scientist was born? I know! In New York.5.Is there anyone name is Betty? Sorry, I dont know.6.Could you tell me you will travel to London? Sure.Next month.7.Molly didnt have dinner she finished doing homework. 8. we were very tired, we felt happy. unlesswhatwho/thatwherewhosewhenuntilThough/Although 考点过关训练.根据汉语意思完成句子9.朗读者是我看过的最好的电视节目。The TV program called Readers is the best program ever watched. 10.我确信他会准时到达。 I am sure . 11.每天,他都早起,以便能赶上第一班车。Every day, he gets up early he can catch the first bus. 12.我不知道他们住在哪儿。I didnt know . 13.科学家说地球绕着太阳转。Scientists said . that I havehe will arrive on timeso thatwhere they livedthat the earth moves/goes around the sun 考点过关训练.句型转换14.Do you have a toy car? Jack asked his brother.(改为宾语从句)Jack asked his brother he a toy car. 15.Jenny was too excited to express herself clearly.(改为复合句)Jenny was excited she couldnt express herself clearly. 16.Lets discuss how we shall go to the Sea World. (改为同义句)Lets discuss go to the Sea World. 17.“Whose schoolbag is on the desk?” Father asked.(改为复合句)Father asked schoolbag on the desk. if/whether hadso thathow to whose was
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