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现在完成时一 构成 助动词 have/has + 过去分词例:肯定句 I have worked. He has worked.否认句 I have not (havent ) worked. He has not (hasnt )worked .疑问句 Have you worked ? Has he worked ?答复Yes ,I have. / No , I havent . Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt.二 功能及意义1. 表示一个动作发生在过去 ,对现在仍有影响 ,但没有具体的过去时间修饰。常由以下副词修饰： ever曾经 , never从不 , already已经 , yet还未 ,yet只用在否认句和疑问句中 , just刚刚 , recently ,lately近来 , so far 迄今为止= until now, up to now , before 以前例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？I have never heard of such a man.我从没有听说过那个人。We have just had lunch 我们刚刚吃过午饭I have already returned your money.我已经把钱还给你了。I havent found my book yet. 否我还没有找到笔记本 Have you done your homework yet?疑 你做作业了吗？Have you heard from him recently ? 你最近收到他的来信了吗？ So far, no one has made any mistakes yet.迄今为止 还没有人犯错误 I have never traveled by plane before .我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过 2 表示一个动作发生在过去 ,一直持续到现在刚刚结束或者仍在继续。常常与以下时间状语连用： for + 一段时间I have learned English for 8 years since + 过去的一个时间点I have learned English since 2019 since + 一段时间+ agoI have learned English since 8 years agosince + 时态为一般过去时的时间状语从句I have learned English since I was 5 years old in the past/last +时间段We have had two English exams in the past two months近两个月来我们进行了2次英语考试Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years 近十年来我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。三 延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法现在完成时中 , 与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词须是延续性动词 ,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。我离开这所学校已经八年了。误 ： I have left this school for eight years他借用我的词典已经两天了误： He has borrowed my dictionary for two days非延续动词与一段时间连用时 ,可做相应转化因此中例句正确形式分别为我离开这所学校已经八年了。正 ： I have been away from this school for eight years他借用我的词典已经两天了正： He has kept my dictionary for two days其它非延续性动词与时间段连用时的变形buyhave borrow keep, fall asleep be asleep leave be away begin be on die be dead,join be in或be a member of return be back come/arrive be in get up be up,marry be married catch a cold have a cold在否认句中短暂性动词可与短时间连用I havent gone to see him for several months 我已经好几个月没有去看他了 I havent bought anything for two months 四 区分 have been to +地点; 表示去过某个地方已经回来 ,常与ever, never ,几次 ,等连用have gone to +地点: 表示到地方去了还没回来have been in+地点： 表示到了某个地方多久了 ,常与 for + 段时间连用比拟：He has been to China twice(曾经去过,现在不在中国 He has gone to China 他到中国去了.他可能已在去中国的路上 ,或已到中国 ,总之 ,现在不在这里 He has been in China for two years(他到中国已经两年了五 对完成时的提问用 how long.? 不能用 when. ?六 现在完成时常用句型1 It is the first/second time.that.结构中的从句局部 ,用现在完成时It is the first time that I have visited the city这是我第一次参观这座城市It is the third time that the boy has been late这是这个男生第三次迟到了2 This is the. that. 结构 ,that 从句要用现在完成时This is the best film that I ve (ever) seen这是我看过的最好的电影This is the first time that Ive heard him sing这是我第一次听他唱歌3 It is / It has been + 时间段+ since .It has been/ Its 5 years since we last met.自从上一次我们相遇到现在已经是五年了Its / It has been 3 months since the man died 那人死去3个月了4 一段时间+ 完成时结构+ since 引导的时间状语从句Two years has passed since I came here. 七 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 ,强调的是现在的情况 ,所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用 ,如yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 2019 等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态 ,和现在不发生联系 ,它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用I have seen the film 我看过这部电影我了解这部电影的内容I saw the film last week 我上周看了这部电影只说明上星期1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes ,he has. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year.选用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空。1 Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.2 Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.3 _ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.4 Where _ you _ these days?5 Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days.6 Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.7 Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.3 / 3
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