初中英语基本句型及巩固练习

英语基本句型析与练 雍雪莲 2021/3/6 2 英语基本句型 - 1主系表结构 本结构是由 主语 +系动词 +表语 组成，主要用以说明主 语的 特征，类属，状态，身份 等。系动词有 : 1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand; 3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; Our English teacher is thirty years old. The cake tastes delicious. We feel used to living in big cities. The potatoes went bad in the fields. Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still. Examples: 巩固练习： 1冬季白天短，夜晚长 2十五岁他 就成为 有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少 保持 安静。 4她的工作 是 在幼儿园里照看儿童。 In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist. Children seldom keep quiet. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 5他失业了。 6树叶 已经变 黄了 7这个报告 听起来 很有意思 He is out of work. The leaves have turned yellow. The report sounds interesting 1. As in China, the weather is different from area to area. 主系表句型 的几个特例： 2. We are greatly surprised to meet him there. 3. It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers. 4. It is kind of you to say so. 5. It is not easy for them to go there by bike. 6. Is it Tom who is playing the piano? 7. It is a fact that they cant pass the exam. 英语基本句型 -2主谓结构 本结构是由 主语加不及物的谓语动词构成 , 常 用来表示主语的动作。 如： The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语 可有修饰语 -定语 ， 谓语 可有修饰语 -状语 。 如 : 1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating. 6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up. 巩固练习： 1她昨天回家很晚。 2会议将持续两个小时。 3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变 化 . 4 1919年，在北京爆发了 “ 五 .四 ” 运动。 She went home very late yesterday evening. The meeting will last two hours. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 5每天八时开始上课。 6这个重五公斤。 7五年前我住在北京。 8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 Classes begin at eight every day. This box weighs five kilos. I lived in Beijing five years ago. In autumn, some birds fly to the south. Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books. 9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 10. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来 借书。 My grandfather gets up early in the morning. Translate the following sentences: 11.会议有可能开两个半小时 . The meeting will last two and a half hours. 14.她盼望已久的机会终于到来了 . The chance which she wanted to get for a long time came at last. 15他把书放在书包里 ,而书包却找不到了 . He put the books in the schoolbag , but the schoolbag disappeared. 16. 正在睡觉的婴儿笑了 . The sleeping baby smiles. 17. 他通过乞讨为生 . . 18. 这里有些动物已经灭绝了 . 19. 可怜的 TOM 穿得破破烂烂 . He lives by begging Some animals here have died out. The poor Tom dressed poorly. 20. 他一直走到山边 . 21.这支笔很好写。 22. 这些苹果很好卖 . 23. 这种布很易洗 . He walked as far as the hillside. The pen writes smoothly. These apples sell well. This kind of cloth washes easily. 英语基本句型 -3主谓宾结构 本结构是由 主语 +及物的谓语动词 +宾语构成 。 宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。 如 ： 1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to give me a present. 巩固练习： 1昨晚我写了一封信。 I wrote a letter last night. 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。 I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3这本书他读过多次了。 He has read this book many times. 4他们成功地完成了计划。 They have carried out the plan successfully. 5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 That gentleman can speak three languages fluently. 6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia. 7 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。 Jim cannot dress himself. 8我们大家都相信 Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 9. 他不知道说什麽好。 He did not know what to say. 10. 我开窗户你在意吗？ Do you mind my opening the window? 英语基本句型 - 4 双宾语结构 说明：此结构由“ 主语 +及物谓语动词 +间接宾语 （人） +直接宾语（事物）” 组成。如： He brings me cookies every day. 但若要 先说出直接宾语（事物）， 后说间接宾语 （人）， 则要借助于介词 to或 for。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用 to侧重指动作的方向，表示 朝着，向着，对着 某人。 用 for 侧重指动作的受益者， 表示为了某人，替某人 。 常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助 to的） bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等； （需借助 for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。 巩固练习： 1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？ Would you please pass me the dictionary? 4他把车票给列车员看。 He showed the ticket to the conductor. 5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ Shall I call you a taxi? 6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。 7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买 了一件毛衣。 The new machine will save you a lot of labour. He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary. 英语基本句型 - 5 复合宾语结构 说明 : 此结构由“ 主语 +及物的谓语动词 +宾语 +宾 语补足语” 构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有 逻辑上的主谓 关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。 可 以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词 不定式，分词等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on. 用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语 的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。 即： 主语 +谓语 +it+宾补 +真正宾语 。如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family. 巩固练习： 1我们叫她 Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3他们把小偷释放了。 4 我要你把真相告诉我。 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。 6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 8 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 We call her Alice. All of us considered him honest. They have set the thief free. I want you to tell me the truth. The guards ordered us to leave at once. Every morning we hear him read English aloud. We wont let her go out at night. 9那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 10 她正在听人家讲故事。 11我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 12他感到很难跟你交谈。 13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 14 学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。 The terrible sound made the children frightened. She is listening to someone telling stories. I have never seen the word used that way before. He felt it very difficult to talk with you. I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 英语基本句型 - 6 There be 句型 说明： 此句型是由“ there+be+主语 +状语” 构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“ 有 ” 。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位 于谓语动词 be 之后， there 仅为引导词，并 无实际语意。 此句型有时不用 be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。 如： There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town. Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情 态变化。如： 现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be ； there is /are going to be. 现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 巩固练习： 1这个村子过去只有一口井。 2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 3天气预报说下午有大风。 There was only a well in the village. Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. 6灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 7战前这儿一直有家电影 院的 . 8恰好那时房里没人。 The light is on. There must be someone ion the office. There used to be a cinema here before the war. There happened to be nobody in the room. 9从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位 老渔夫。 10公共汽车来了。 11就只剩下二十八美元了。 13铃响了。 Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. There comes the bus. There remained only twenty eight dollars. There goes the bell.