高中导学案之状语从句

高中英语语法导学案之状语从句句子可以分为简单句，并列句和复合句；复合句中从句可分为定语从句，名词性从句和状语从句。用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为：1.时间状语从句；2.地点状语从句；3.原因状语从句； 4.条件状语从句；5.目的状语从句；6.让步状语从句； 7.比较状语从句； 8.方式状语从句；9.结果状语从句。一时间状语从句when, while和as1,when, 观察下面例句，总结其用法：When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. When the film ended, the people went back. 总结：从句表示的动作_,主句和从句的先后关系_。在下列句子中，when 的含义是：_,做为并列连词。We were having a meeting when someone broke in.We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rainShe was on the point of going to shop when the telephone rang.Hardly had I arrived when the train left.He had just finished his home work when someone asked him to play basketball.总结：_: _; _观察下列句子中when 的含义：It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one?2,while ,观察例句并总结用法：We were listening/listened to the radio while he was reading newspaper. I like tea while he like coffee.Please dont talk so loud while others are working.总结：while引导的从句谓语动词必须是_, 常用_时。作为并列连词，表示_，翻译成_；语气比but _。把while的含义写在后面括号内： While we didnt agree, we continue to be good friends. ( ) While they are my neighbors, I dont know them well. ( )While there is life, there is hope. ( )Strike the iron while it is hot. ( ) 总结：while 除了引导时间状语从句外，还可以引导_。3. as引导时间状语从句：As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer. He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 从属连词as 可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为_或者_。温馨提示：当主句表示的是短暂的动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示一段时间内正在进行的动作时，注意：when ,while ,as 可互换使用。When /While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.题组训练 用while，when， as 填空： _ I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the store._ John arrived, I was cooking lunch._ he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.- 2 - / 16How can he get good grades _ he wont study?I was wandering through the street_ I caught sight of a tailors shop._ the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no soonerthan,hardly(scarecely,barely)when这些从属连词引导的从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为_.The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 注意：在no soonerthan ;hardly/scarcely/barelywhen 结构中，主句用_，从句使用_时态。此外，当把no sooner或hardly等提到句首时，应用_语序。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly _.I had no sooner come home than it began to rain.=No sooner _. till until 和not untilHe remained there until she arrived.You may stay here until the rain stops.He wont go to bed until she returns.Until you told me I have no idea of it.It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. 观察以上各句，找出用法。肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是_,意为某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止。 否定句：主句谓语动词必须是_,意为某动作直到某时间才开始。_可以用于句首，而_不可以。在强调句型中not until 两词在一起不分开；句首时，_要倒装。题组训练 句型转换I didnt leave until she came back._she came back _leave._not until she came back_ I _. before ,after和since1.before, 在之前：翻译下面的句子：Look before you leap. _All things are difficult before they are easy. _把下列各句中的before的含义写在后面： We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. （ ）We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. （ ）Please write it down before you forget it. （ ）Before I could get in a word, he had measured me （ ）before 构成的固定句型，看例句总结：It will be a year before you leave school.It was a long time before I got to sleep again. It will be +_ before (谓语动词用_) It was +_before(谓语动词用_)2.since： 1）I have written home four times since I came here.2）She has been working in this factory since he left school. 3）I have seen her twice since he lived here.总结：since从句的谓语动词一般是_动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性或者反复发生的动作。主句时态为_,从句时态为_。从句动词若是延续性动词，则表示_。概括since构成的句型，：It is three years since the war broke out It is three years since I smoked a cigar. It was years since I had seen her._. 把以上句子翻译成汉语。在“It is + 一段时间+ since 从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。 3. after 在之后I will tell them after you leave (you have leave ).I told them after you left/ had left .你能发现after之后的时态吗？_三 地点状语和原因状语从句1地点状语引导词为_和_.请填写：You are free to go _ you like. Go back _ you come from.Make a mark _ you have any questions.翻译下列句子：Where there is a will, there is a way. _ Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire. _以上两句where从句表示抽象含义，从句必须放在主句之前。注意区分where 引导的状语从句和定语从句题组训练,判断下列各句中包括什么从句：Go back to the place where you come from. ( )This is the shop where I bought my bike. ( )Go back where you come from. ( )Make a mark where you have any questions. ( )总结：你是根据什么作出判断的？_2.原因状语从句引导词：because, as, since, now that, 每个连词的含义不尽相同，观察例句总结用法：-Why were you absent from the meeting?-Because I was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.Now that/Since everybody is here, lets begin our class.Since you are busy, you dont have to go.总结：because表示_, 用来回答_提出的问题； as 和since表示_, as 可以翻译成_,since 翻译成_;as 的位置可以在主句前或者后，而since ,now that 只能在主句_.此外，for,并列连词，也可表示原因，起补充说明的作用。It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.四.目的状语从句和结果状语从句目的状语从句的引导词有从属连词_I will speak slowly _ you can understand me._ we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.在口语中，so that 引导从句时，_可以省略。We will seat near the front so (that) we can hear more clearly.The boy hid himself behind the tree _ his father ( should ) see him.for fear that, in case, lest 引导目的状语从句，谓语动词可以使用should +动词原形。引导结果状语从句的引导词有_,观察例句，概括结构：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family._ _._ _当so或such置于句首时，主要倒装语序。So clever a student _that he was able to work out the difficult problem.题组训练：用so 或such填空It is surprising that _ little worms eat _ many grains.He is _smart a boy that I like him very much.Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people?思考：suchas结构中，as 引导的是什么从句？观察下面的句子并作出回答：I never heard such stories as he tells. Please send such ones as you have tomorrow.比较suchthat并得出结论：_ 五. 条件状语和方式状语从句条件状语从句从属连词_引导条件状语。You will fail the exam unless you study hard.You will fail the exam _ you _ study hard._ you dont lose heart, you will succeed.当if从句的条件不是真实的或难以实现的条件时，要用_.If I _(know) his address, I _( tell) you.If you _(come) here yesterday, you _ (see) her.If it _(rain) tomorrow, I _(stay) at home. 条件状语从句中也可以省略Come tomorrow if (it is) possible.He has no money. If (there is)any, he will give you some.We all know that, if (it is)not carefully dealt with, the situation will get worse.在条件状语从句中时态问题：You will find a way if you use your head.Dont leave the room unless the teacher tells you to._ 方式状语从句引导词有_Do as you are told to, or you will be fired.The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.I feel as if I have a fever.as if 或 as through 引导的从句有时需要用_语气。从句中也可以采用省略形式：She stood at the gate, as if (she was)waiting for someone.温馨提示：在时间状语从句，让步，条件及方式状语从句中，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致，并且谓语动词中有be动词的时候，从句中的主语和系动词一块儿省略。六. 让步状语从句和比较状语从句让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的从属连词有_He is unhappy, _he has a lot of money._ it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football._ I were busy, I would goEven though/if it is raining, I _(go) there.as引导让步状语从句，从句中的表语，状语，或动词原形置于句首，需用倒装语序。汉译英(as)：1.尽管他是孩子，她却懂得很多。_2.虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。_, I wont buy it, for its too expensive.3.不管他怎样努力，还是找不到工作。_, he couldnt find a job.though引导的从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装; although引导的从句不倒装。Whether you believe it or not, it is trueWhatever you say (=_), he wont believe you.Wherever (=_) you go, I will go.Whoever (=_) you are , you must obey the rules.While 在正式文体中，也可以引导让步状语从句，如：While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cant be solved. .比较状语从句 than, asasHe is taller than I (am) Tom is as old as his brother(is).He studies harder than we expect.I admire and respect you more than I can say. 翻译下面的句子：I like you better than he (likes you) _I know you better than (I do) her_than为从属连词,引导比较状语从句，因此后面跟人称代词的主格形式，谓语动词通常省略。than 做介词，则可以跟人称代词的宾格。思考：as 有哪些用法，你知道吗? 请你写在下面的横线上：1._2._ 3._4._5._真题汇总：1（ 全国卷I 25）. Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal.A. so that B although C. while D. as if2（ 全国卷I 30）. The little boy wont go to sleep _his mother tells him a story.A. or B. unless C. but D. whether3（全国卷II 7）. Tom was about to close the windows_ his attention was caught by a bird.A. when B. if C. and D. till4（安徽卷29）. The engineer are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _they have the interest.A. wherever B. Whenever C. even if D. as if 5（安徽卷33）. Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one _it becomes available.A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until6（北京卷30）. they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. A. As B. While C. Until D. Once7（福建卷26）.The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her .A. before B. until C. as D. since8（湖南卷32）. Tim is in good shape physically_ he doesnt get much exercise.A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as9（江西卷22）. Our holiday cost a lot of money. Did it? Well, that doesnt matter you enjoyed yourselves.A. as long as B. unless C. as soon asD. though10（辽宁卷29）. The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife.A. although B. unless C. because D. if11（山东卷28）. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless12（陕西卷20）. John thinks it wont be long he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since13（四川卷20）. Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break she got to her office. A. since B. that C. when D. until14（重庆卷32）. Today, we will begin we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A. when B. where C. how D. what15（上海卷34）. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem16（上海卷39）. our manager objects to Toms joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. A. Until B. Unless C If D. After09真题1. (2009安徽卷) I wonder how much you charge for your services.- The first two are free the third costs $30.A. while B. until C. when D. before2. (2009北京卷)John plays basketball well, _his favorite sport is badminton.A. so B. or C. yet D. for3. (2009北京卷)You may use the room as you like _ you clean it up afterwards.A. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if4. (2009福建卷)She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. when B. while C. after D. since5. (2009湖南卷)_ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.A. AlthoughB. As long as C. If onlyD. As soon as6. (09江苏卷)_ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until7. (09江西卷)According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _ a woman. A. than B. such C. so D. as8. (09辽宁卷)It just isnt fair. I was working as a waiter last month, my friends were lying on the beach.A. whenever B. though C. for D .while9. (09辽宁卷)Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks, but it cost his.A. as much twice as B. twice as much as C. much as twice as D. as twice much as10. (09全国II)All the dishes in this menu, _ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unless11. (09山东卷)- Shall we have our picnic tomorrow? -_it doesnt min.A. Until B. While C. Once D. If12. (09陕西卷)My parents dont mind what job I do I am happy . A even though B as soon as C as long as D as though13. (09上海卷)The Great Wall is _ tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.A. so a well-known B. a so well-knownC. such well-known a D. such a well-known14(09上海卷)You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card. A. before B. if C. while D. as15. (2009四川卷)Owen wouldnt eat anything _ he cooked it himselfA. until B. since C. unless D. while16. (2009四川卷)My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours , but it is twice _ expensive . A. as B. so C. too D. very17. (2009浙江卷)The incomes of skilled workers went up. , unskilled workers saw their earnings fall. A Moreover B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. Otherwise18. (2009浙江卷)The medicine works more effectively you drink some hot water after taking it. A as B until C although D if19. (2009重庆卷)Peter was so excited _he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing. A. where B. that C. why D. when08真题1. All people, they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. （2008重庆B）A. even if B. whether C. no matter D. however2. Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get at it. （2008山东）A. even if B. which C. where D. so that3. I used to love that film _ I was a child, but I dont feel it that way any more. (2008辽宁卷)A. once B. when C. since D. although4. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. （2008江西卷）A. where B. when C. who D. which5. -Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday? - Yes, _, Im going to visit some homes for the old in the city. （2008安徽卷） A. If ever B. If busy C. If anything D. If possible6. Nancy enjoyed herself so much _ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. （2008福建） A. that B. which C. when D. where7. The artist was born poor, poor he remained all his life. （2008重庆） A. and B. or C. but D. so8. Well have a picnic in the park this Sunday _ it rains or its very cold. （2008天津卷） A. since B. if C. unless D. until9. There were some chairs left over _ everyone had sat down. （2008四川卷） A. when B. until C. that D. where10. In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children. （2008四川卷） A. but B. while C. because D. though11. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _his eyesight was beginning to fail（2008山东）A. though B. for C. but D. so12. A small car is big enough for a family of three _ you need more space for baggage. （全国卷II）A. once B. because C. if D. unless13. Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?I dont mind where we go _ theres sun, sea and beach. （2008全国卷1）A. as it B. as long as C. now that D. in order14. My English teachers humor was _ make every student burst into laughter. （2008江西卷）A. so as to B. such as to C. suc