考研考博-英语-广东舞蹈戏剧职业学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东舞蹈戏剧职业学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.Its no secret that most of us dont get enough sleep and suffer for it.If youre between the ages of 16 and 64,1 dont get seven to nine hours ofsleep per night,your logical 2,executive function,attention,and mood can be impaired.3,severe sleep deprivation can lead to depression,anxiety,and 4 ofparanoia（妄想症）.In the long run,sleep deprivation is a main 5 to the nsk ofdementia and Alzheimers disease.6,one group that doesnt need to heed these warnings i.s executives.In our 7 of 35,000 leaders and interviews with 250 more,we found that the more seruor a persons 8 is,the more sleep they get.There are tw0 9 explanations for this.Either senior executives,with the help of_10 and hard-working middle managers,do less and take more time for sleep.Or senior executives have had the 11 and discipline throughout their career to get enough sleep and 12 maintain a high performance level without 13.Our conclusion is that the latter is the 14.Sleep has always been foundational for my performance,Ceest Hart,president and CEO of Carlsberg Group,shared with us.And 15 to perform in a way that is required by my current job,I need seven hours of sleep,every night.Of course,with 16 travel and work commitments,sometimes this is 17,and when that happens,it comes with a cost.When I sleep less,I perform less.18,our data found that 68%ofnon-executive leaders get five to seven hours of sleep per night.When there are not enough hours in the day,they 19 some from the night.Many leaders stay up late to catch up on email or other tasks.According to our research,this tendency is widespread,20 gender.14选？A.bidB.caseC.coreD.feat答案：B 本题解析：上下文语义及名词辨析题。根据句意，我们的结论是，后一种情况是。上文提到了两种可能的解释，下文又提到Ceest Hart说睡眠一直是他高效工作的基础，所以作者的结论是后种解释是对的，是事实，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项bid“出价；投标”和D项feat“功绩，壮举”不符合上下文语义及逻辑搭配，故排除；原文是说作者同意的解释是哪种，而不是在说这两种解释的重要性孰重孰轻，且解释没有核心，不存在非核心之分，故C项错误。2.Weighing ourser egulay s aoneru way 1o stay aware or any sginant wegt ncuatoros(1),when done too often,this habit can sometimes hurt more thatit(2)As for me,weighing myself every day caused ma to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physicaly active to focusing(3)on the scale.That was bad to my overall fitness goals.|had gained weight in the form of muscle mass,but thinking onlyof(4)the number on the scale,|altered my training program.That conflicted with how|needed to trainto(5)my goals.|also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate(6)of the hard work and progress|was making in the gym.It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight(7)altering your training program.The most(8)changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost.For these(9)|stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule(10).since weight lIoss is not my goal,it is less important for me to(11)my weight each week.Weighing every otherweek allows me to observe and(12)any significant weight changes.That tells me whether Ineed to(13)my training program.|use my bimonthly weight-in(14)to get information about my nutrition as well.If my training intensity remains the same,but Im constantly(15)and dropping weight,thisisa(16)that|need to increase my daily caloric intake.The(17)to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health,fitness and well-being.Im experiencing increased zeal for working out since|no longer carry the burdenofa(18)morning weigh-in.Ive also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals.(19)Im training according to those goals,not the numbers on a scale.Rather than(20)over the scale,turn your focus to how you kook,feel,how you clothes fit and your overall energy level.7选？（）A.due toB.regardless ofC.aside fromD.along with答案：A 本题解析：暂无解析3.People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2.：A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5，people will simply become lazy and depressed.6，todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans.Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，”says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard days work，I often feel 18，”Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I dont have to work，I might feel rather different”perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1选？A.boastingB.denyingC.warningD.ensuring答案：C 本题解析：语义衔接题。空格位于with引导的独立主格结构中，应填入动词的-ing形式；空格处动作的发出academics，writers，and activists，又因为下文显示人们对“没有工作的未来”持悲观看法，故C为正确答案，表示在学术界人士、作家和激进分子的警告下，人们产生了悲观看法。其他备选项中，A不符合段落的感情色彩，B、D不符合文意，故排除。4.5 Ways to Focus Your Energy During a Work Crunch Work invariably ebbs and flows,cycling between steady states,where we feel more in control of the pace and workload,and peak periods,where the difficult work situation hits us hard.Unexpected setbacks or even vacations and holidays can create disorder and tension.Maintaining focus and managing energy levels become critical as tasks pile onto an already full load.When youre in your next work crunch,there are a few things you can do to focus and manage your energy more productively:41.When an acute period hits,its easy to resist the fact that its happening.We wish for things to be like they were last month,or we long for the pace we had during vacation.By not being present to the here and now,we drain our energy by pondering on the situation.In fact,physicists define resistance asthe degree to which a substance or device opposes the passage of an electrical current,causing energy loss.In the case of a diffcult work situation,the more you oppose whats happening,the more energy you lose.Acceptance does not mean giving in.On the contrary,it means acknowledging the reality of the situation with awareness so that you can take clear action.42.Acceptance is particularly difficult given the underlying emotions that an acute work crunch can bring.Negative thoughts often predominate.David Rock,director of the NeuroLeadership Institute,suggests that,rather than suppressing or denying an emotion,an effective cognitive technique is labeling,whereby you take a situation and put a label on your emotions.By assigning a word to whats happening,such aspressure,guilt,orworry,Rocks research shows.you can reduce the arousal of the limbic brains fight-or-flight system and instead activate the prefrontal cortex,which is responsible for our executive funcLioning sk川s.43.A research out of the Universiry of Pittsburgh shows that anxiety directly impacts our cognitive functioning,especially those areas responsible for making souncl decisions.Dont fall into a victim mentality.believing there are no choices or that you dont have control.Instead,bring greater vigilance to assessing your priorities,making tough trade-offs,and incorporating self-care where you can.44.Other people can be a real energy drain-or gain-during work crunches and set-backs.Pause and consider how you can renegotiate deadlines,set tighter bounciaries,or ask for more support during this time.Many of us pride ourselves on not bothering others and being self-reliant.The.se are great qualities,but there are times when we need to ask for help.Ask your loved ones for more help on the home front.Share the weight of the accountability for projects with your colleagues by delegating or teaming up,versus doing it all on your own.45.Probably the toughest thing of all during a work crunch or setback is how easy it is to beat yourself up,especially when you arent hitting your high standards for work,Annie McKee,author of the forthcoming book Howio Be Happy at,Work,says this:If you really want to deal with stress,youve got to stop trying to be a hero and start caring for and about yourself.44选？A.Communicate with your colleagues and loved onesB.Stop thinking any unrealistic thingsC.Accept the situationD.Preserve your sense of choiceE.Control your negative emotionsF.Observe and label your underlying emotionsG.Practice self-compassion答案：A 本题解析：段落首先指出“他人”的作用“使人耗损精力，但也能帮人重获力量”，然后指出当遭遇工作困境时，人们普遍选择是独自承受、不给别人添麻烦，之后作者表达观点：谁都有需要帮助的时候，不必逞能，在必要时可向挚爱的人和同事寻求帮助。A.复现关键词colleagues/loved ones,Communicate with近义改写主题词ask for help，能概括段落主旨。5.Higher cognitive abilities may come with a pitfall-a susceptibility to judging people based on stereotypes.A new study from New York University l that highly intelligent people are quicker to learn stereotypes and base decisions off them.It may come down 2 someones ability to detect and encode patterns.Its not all bad news 3,as these high-intelligence people are likely to quickly update and 4 their ideas on stereotypes when introduced to new information.For the study,1,257 individuals were shown a（n）5 0f computerized male faces that were paired with a description of past behavior,either positive or negative However,the researchers manipulated avatar faces 6 people with noses that were purposely wider were associated with negative traits,7.those with more narrow noses were associated with positive traits.8this,individuals were asked to complete a task in 9 they had to trust an individual online who was represented by an avatar face 10 those the volunteers were shown in the trait association task.Individuals who 11 higher on pattern detection,12 0f higher intelligence,were also more likely to associate wider noses with negative traits,and were 13 likely to trust wide-nosed avatars in the final task.Pattern detection is an essential part of human intelligence,and is one of the main features that helped our brains evolve 14 what they are today,but the skill has its limits.Finding that higher pattern detection ability 15 people at greater risk to detect and apply stereotypes,but also to reverse them,implicates this ability as a cognitive mechanism 16 stereotyping,added co-author Jonathan Freeman in a statement.While stereotypes can be useful and a way to avoid danger,17 associating police officers with safety or gunmen with danger,there are pitfalls t0 18 people based on a generally held idea.Stereotypes cause you to judge people 19.knowing anything about them-we wouldnt want others to do that to us,20 why not afford them the same Courtesy 13选？A.mostB.leastC.lessD.more答案：C 本题解析：本题考查句内语义。空格前后均说明模式识别得分更高者的行为倾向，而“负面特质”与空格后“相信”构成一对相反逻辑，推知空格词应与more相反，文意即：不太可能选择相信宽鼻子的人，C.less正确。6.Thinner isnt always better.A number of studies have 1_that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually_2_.For example,heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.3 among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an_4 of good health.Of even greater 5 is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.It is often defined 6_body mass index,or BMI.BMI 7 body mass divided by the square of height.An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight.Between 25 and 30 is overweight.And over 30 is considered obese.Obesity,8,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9,they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11.For example,many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese,though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a（an）_14_to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes_16_with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese._17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity,_18_in health concerns,have stimulated a number of anti-obesity_19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities.Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives.Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign_20_childhood obesity,even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.15选？A.employedB.picturedC.imitatedD.monitored答案：B 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】上句提到了我们都倾向于给肥胖贴上歧视的标签，空格所在句提到了媒体，媒体中将肥胖者的面部成像都进行了面部隐藏处理。根据语境，四个选项中，跟媒体相关的词汇只有C项picture“刻画，描写，描述”，因此为正确答案。【命题思路】本题考查对句意的理解，并考查动词辨析。【干扰排除】此处所提供的选项都是过去分词作the overweight的后置定语，A项代入后可理解为“被媒体雇佣的肥胖者”，但是后面的介词应该用by。C、D两项代入后语义与全文不符。7.Forests give us shade,quiet and one of the larder callenges in the fight against climate change.Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce,we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully,there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance.Helping forests flourish as valuable“carbon sinks”long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now.California is leading the way,as it does on so many climate efforts,in figuring out the details.The states proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest.This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity.But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture,so they grow and thrive,restoring the forests capacity to pull carbon from the air.Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects.The landscape is rendered less easily burnable.Even in the event of a fine,fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent.Already,since 2010,drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California,most of them in 2016 alone,and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020,and 60,000 by 2030-financed from the proceeds of the states emissions-permit auctions.Thats only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit,about half a million acres in all,so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels.New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests,but traditionally theyve focused on wildlife,watersheds and opportunities for recreation.Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.Californias plan,which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year,should serve as a model.By saying“one of the harder challenges,”the author implies that_.（）A.global climate change may get out of controlB.people may misunderstand global warmingC.extreme weather conditions may ariseD.forests may become a potential threat答案：D 本题解析：根据题干By saying“one of the harder challenges,”the author implies that_.定位到原文第一段第一句，但是我们发现第一段只提到了one of the harder challenges，而没有给出harder challenges指什么，也就是没有给出本题的答案，因此我们需要看第一句后面的句子。第一句是中心句，后面的句子是对第一句进行阐述，根据后面的句子的阐述，我们可知尽管我们人类依靠森林来吸收大量的二氧化碳，但是我们造成的气候变化将会使我们的森林最终会释放的碳比吸收的碳还要多。也就是D选项所说的森林可能会成为潜在的威胁。因此答案为D选项。8.In the 20th century the planets populationdoubled twice.It will not double even once in the 1 century,because birth rates in much of the world have 2 steeply.But the number of people over 65 is set to 3 within just 25 years.This shift in the structure of the population is not as momentous as the 4 that came before.But it is more than enough to reshape the world economy.5 the UNs population 6,the standard source for demographic estimates,there are around 600m people aged 65 0r older 7 today.That is in itself remarkable;the author Fred Pearce claims it is 8 that half of all the humans who have ever been over 65 are alive today.But 9 a share of the total population,at 8%,it is not that 10 to what it was a few decades ago.By 2035,11,more than l.1 billion people-13%of the population-will be above the age of 65.This is a 12 result of the dropping birth rates that are slowing overall population growth;they mean there are 13 fewer younS people around.Theold-age dependency ratio-the ratio of old people to those of working age-will 14 even faster.In 2010 the world had 16 people aged 65 and over for every 100 aduILs between the ages of 25 and 64,15 the same raLio it had in 1980.By 2035 the UN 16 that number to have risen to 26.In rich countries it will be much higher.Japan will have 69 0ld people for every 100 0f working age by 2035,Germany 66.17 America,which has a relaLively high 18 rate,will see its old-age dependency rate rise by more than 70%,t0 44.Developing counLries,19 todays ratio is much lower,will not see absolute levels rise that high;20 the proportional growth will be higher.Over the same time period the old-age dependency rate in China will more than double from 15 t0 36.Latin America wiU see a shift from 14 to 27.19选？A.whichB.thereC.whereD.that答案：C 本题解析：语法结构题。根据句子结构判断，这是一个定语从句，先行词为countries，故排除Bthere该词不引导从句；其次可以排除Dthat，该词不能用于非限定性定语从句；而从句不缺成分，故只能使用关系副词Cwhere，而不能使用关系代词Awhich。故答案为c。9.Higher cognitive abilities may come with a pitfall-a susceptibility to judging people based on stereotypes.A new study from New York University l that highly intelligent people are quicker to learn stereotypes and base decisions off them.It may come down 2 someones ability to detect and encode patterns.Its not all bad news 3,as these high-intelligence people are likely to quickly update and 4 their ideas on stereotypes when introduced to new information.For the study,1,257 individuals were shown a（n）5 0f computerized male faces that were paired with a description of past behavior,either positive or negative However,the researchers m